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	Abu Hureyra The Syrian Honorary Consulate Community Centre Toronto Canada
		Abu Hureyra is significant because it documents the transition from foraging to farming in one of the world's primary centers of agricultural development.
		Abu Hureyra was inhabited during the transition from Pleistocene to Holocene, a major climatic event that caused significant environmental change.
		Because Abu Hureyra was occupied for so long, we have been able to study the impact of the changes in climate and environment on the development of a farming way of life at a single site.
	www.syriatoday.ca /arch-abu-hureyra.htm (1404 words)

	Tell (poker) - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Tell (poker) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Tell (poker) - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Tell (poker).
		Tells may be common to a class of players or unique to a single player.
		discussion and visual reference to tells as an essential part of the plot.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Tell-poker.html (339 words)

	Village on the Euphrates : The Excavation of Abu Hureyra: 紀伊國屋書店BookWeb
		Village on the Euphrates : The Excavation of Abu Hureyra: 紀伊國屋書店BookWeb
		Village on the Euphrates : The Excavation of Abu Hureyra
		Tell Abu Hureyra, a settlement by the Euphrates River in Syria, was excavated in 1972-73 by an international team of archaeologists that included the authors of the book and scientists from English, American, and Australian universities.
	bookweb.kinokuniya.co.jp /guest/cgi-bin/booksea.cgi?ISBN=019510806X (159 words)

	Village on the Euphrates
		Moore, A.M.T. The Mesolithic and Neolithic settlements at Tell Abu Hureyra in Syria.
		Moore, A.M.T. Abu Hureyra 1 and the antecedents of agriculture on the Middle Euphrates.
		Olszewski, D.I. The Early Occupation at Tell Abu Hureyra in the Context of the Late Epipaleolithic of the Levant.
	www.rit.edu /~698awww/bibliography.html (1229 words)

	Rye - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is highly tolerant of soil acidity and is more tolerant of dry and cool conditions than wheat, though not as tolerant of cold as barley.
		The first possible use of domestic rye comes from the site of Tell Abu Hureyra in northern Syria, in the Euphrates Valley, dating to late Epi-Palaeolithic.
		Gordon Hillmann: New evidence of Lateglacial cereal cultivation at Abu Hureyra on the Euphrates, in: The Holocene 11/4 (July 2001), p.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rye (229 words)

	The Neolithic of the Levant (Excerpt 125)
		Wild-type einkorn was found in Mesolithic levels at Abu Hureyra and in the Neolithic 1 settlement at Mureybat so it was used for a long time before the cultivated varieties were developed.
		1 The Excavation of Tell* Abu Hureyra in Syria
		Legge in The Excavation of Tell Abu Hureyra in Syria
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /125.html (2796 words)

	The Neolithic of the Levant (Excerpt 08)
		Tell Abu Hureyra is situated on the right bank of the Euphrates about 36 kilometres downstream from Mureybat.
		This may simply be because this was the region where such desirable materials were to be found or because there were stronger social and cultural ties between the inhabitants of Abu Hureyra and the peoples to the north than their contemporaries elsewhere and that these links were strengthened by the exchange of such materials.
		Comparisons with Tell Aswad (Balikh) and Bouqras would suggest that the aceramic phases should fall within the 7th millennium while the ceramic Neolithic levels would be dated about 6000 BC or a century or two later.
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /08.html (4370 words)

	Tell Abu Hureyra: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Tell Abu Hureyra
		Tell Abu Hureyra: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Tell Abu Hureyra
		Tell Abu Hureyra ("tell" is arabic for "mound") was a site of an ancient settlement in the northern Levant or western Mesopotamia.
		It has been cited as showing the earliest known evidence of agriculture anywhere.
	www.encyclopedian.com /te/Tell-Abu-Hureyra.html (505 words)

	YAM October 1994 - Finding the First Farmers
		Preliminary investigations had indicated that Tell Abu Hureyra, as the hill was known, sheltered the remains of an ancient village, and Moore, then a 27-year-old graduate student at Oxford, had been recruited by the Syrian government to determine what secrets the site might hold.
		The Abu Hureyra material, half of which is now deposited in Aleppo, Syria, with the remainder divided among nine museums in Europe and North America, continues to keep investigators busy, and their research to date has provided unprecedented insights into how humanity made the shift from hunting and gathering to farming.
		For instance, the Abu Hureyrans ground grain on a stone mill called a saddle quern; this repetitive and energetic activity eventually caused malformations and arthritis of the spine, the legs, and the big toe, the latter a result of too much time spent working in a kneeling position.
	www.yalealumnimagazine.com /issues/94_10/agriculture.html (2204 words)

	IngentaConnect New evidence of Lateglacial cereal cultivation at Abu Hureyra on ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		New evidence from the site of Abu Hureyra suggests that systematic cultivation of cereals in fact started well before the end of the Pleistocene – by at least 13000 years ago, and that rye was among the first crops.
		The evidence also indicates that hunter-gatherers at Abu Hureyra first started cultivating crops in response to a steep decline in wild plants that had served as staple foods for at least the preceding four centuries.
		At Abu Hureyra, therefore, it appears that the primary trigger for the occupants to start cultivating caloric staples was climate change.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/arn/hol/2001/00000011/00000004/art00172 (277 words)

	Village on the Euphrates
		At this website you may also learn more about the Abu Hureyra project and the people conducting the research on this important archaeological site.
		These huge samples of organic remains have enabled us to study the economic changes at Abu Hureyra in unprecedented detail.
		We encourage you to examine the data presented here to gain deeper insights into the research at Abu Hureyra.
	www.rit.edu /~698awww/statement.html (442 words)

	No. 960: Grain in Abu Hureyra
		She finds, instead, that just a few women have deep grooves in their front teeth -- the same grooves you find on the teeth of modern Paiutes who use their mouth as a third hand to hold canes when they weave baskets.
		Around 6500 BC, Abu Hureyra women invented weaving, but weaving was a job that only a few craftswomen did.
		Later, the Abu Hureyrans acquired another new technology that finished solving the problem of tooth destruction.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi960.htm (489 words)

	Talk:Sumer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Catalhoyuk and Asiklihoyuk in Central Anatolia, Abu Hureyra in Syria, Jericho in the West Bank, Ain Ghazal in Jordan, and Jarmo in Iraq).
		If you'd like to extend the definition of 'Sumerian' to before this, please give me a date and I'll tell you what was happening in SW Asia and Mesopotamia before this in terms of farming.
		The resultant hills are known as tells, and are found throughout the ancient Near East.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Sumer (4665 words)

	Archeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		By analyzing plant remains at Abu Hureyra in the 1970s and 1980s, British archaeologist and botanist Gordon Hillman showed that the inhabitants of this village were among the earliest people to cultivate wild cereal grasses, ones that evolved into what we know today as wheat and barley.
		Hillman determined that the nut-rich forests that grew close to Abu Hureyra in 8500 BC must have retreated later during a long period of dry weather.
		Many archaeologists have begun to use their research to tell stories about the people of the past, and about how those people interacted with one another in large and small groups.
	ragz-international.com /archeology.htm (12116 words)

	THE JAZIRA PROJECT
		The proposed area of study for a pilot project season, to be presented to the National Geographic Society, comprises two areas that extend from the head of Lake Assad on the Euphrates in Syria to the Euphrates/Balikh junction at Raqqa and thence up the Balikh valley to the Turkish border.
		Field objectives at Sweyhat would be to finalise the survey and off-site fieldwork (Wilkinson and illustrator), to undertake sample excavations at Early-Middle Bronze Age Tell Juaf (field assistant with botanical back-up) and to finalise the processing of excavated data, which is crucial to the interpretation of the survey results (Holland and illustrator).
		Samples from Tell Juaf within the potentially irrigable zone will be compared with charred plant remains already sampled from Tell Sweyhat within the zone of dry-land farming, thus making it possible to determine whether different land-use systems was operated within these highly contrasting zones.
	www-oi.uchicago.edu /OI/PROJ/JAZ/Jazira.html (2453 words)

	TELL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Search the TELL Family Message Boards at Ancestry.com (if available).
		Search the TELL Family Resource Center at RootsWeb.com (if available).
		Find graves of people named TELL at Find-a-Grave.com (or add one that you know).
	www.worldhistory.com /surname/US/T/TELL.htm (81 words)

	Antiquity, Project Gallery: Hudson et al
		Tell el-Kerkh is a huge tell complex covering approximately 30 hectares located in the Rouj Basin, 20km southwest of Idlib, northwest Syria (Figures 1 and 3).
		This is certainly the case at Abu Hureyra.
		Although this burial lacked a clear pit, the pendant was probably associated with the burial.
	antiquity.ac.uk /ProjGall/Hudson/Hudson.html (1172 words)

	image291
		Estimated extent of Abu Hureyra settlement: Phases 2A and 2B
		Alabaster statuette from grave at Tell al-Sawwan (Samarran Period)
		Alabaster vessels from grave at Tell al-Sawwan (Samarran Period)
	condor.depaul.edu /~sbucking/image291.htm (916 words)

	BBC News \| Sci/Tech \| First farmers discovered
		The first farmers grew wheat and rye 13,000 years ago in Syria and were forced into cultivating crops by a terrible drought, according to UK archaeologists.
		The evidence for cultivated crops comes from seeds carefully sifted from the material excavated at Abu Hureyra.
		The cultivated seeds found at Abu Hureyra are the oldest yet found.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_489000/489449.stm (555 words)

	Neolithic Tell Abu Hureyra in Syria
		Most of the meat food came from gazelle and onager and it is suggested that these animals were being either selectively hunted or perhaps herded.
		It is clear that the 9th millennium BC community at Abu Hureyra was already involved in incipient farming activities.
		The Neolithic settlement of the 7th millrennium BC is also of great importance because of its enormous size (15 hectares): larger than any other recorded site of this period (even Catal Huyuk).
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Abu_Hureyra.html (325 words)

	NEOLITHIC AGRICULTURE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The latest findings come from Abu Hureyra, a settlement east of Aleppo, Syria, where the inhabitants were at least semisedentary, occupying the site from at least early spring to late autumn, judging from the harvest times of more than 150 plant species identified there to date.
		And the rye is not even the first sign of cultivation at the Abu Hureyra site: Just before the appearance of this domestic grain, the team found a dramatic rise in seed remains from plants that typically grow among crops as weeds.
		And at Abu Hureyra, Hillman thinks that the drought accompanying the Younger Dryas was a key factor.
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/images/neolithic_agriculture.htm (3333 words)

	The Observer \| Review \| Observer review: The Long Summer by Brian Fagan
		His team excavated at Abu Hureyra, a town built 13,500 years ago, when our hunter-gatherer ancestors first abandoned itinerant lives for an existence tilling the soil.
		So the Abu Hureyrans cultivated more and more crops, the UK researchers established, and were soon filling vast storage rooms to help their burgeoning numbers survive occasional droughts and crop failures.
		On the Euphrates, Abu Hureyra was destroyed in a couple of years.
	observer.guardian.co.uk /review/story/0,6903,1248166,00.html (964 words)

	ARCHPORT: "First farmers discovered" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Hunter-gatherers The evidence for cultivated crops comes from seeds carefully sifted from the material excavated at Abu Hureyra.
		There were these whacking, great fat seeds, characteristic of cultivation." The cultivated seeds found at Abu Hureyra are the oldest yet found.
		A dry death Professor Hillman and his team found that, as they looked through the archaeological record, the wild seed varieties gathered as food gradually vanished, before the cultivated varieties appeared.
	sagitta.ci.uc.pt /mhonarchive/archport/msg00426.html (408 words)

	Gordon HILLMAN: Institute of Archaeology UCL
		New evidence for Late Glacial cereal cultivation at Abu Hureyra on the Euphrates.
		Village on the Euphrates: from foraging to farming at Abu Hureyra.
		Late Pleistocene changes in the wild plant foods available to hunter-gatherers of the northern Fertile Crescent: possible preludes to cereal cultivation, in D R Harris (ed), The origins and spread of agriculture and pastoralism in Eurasia, 159-203.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /archaeology/staff/profiles/hillman.htm (761 words)

	Syria: Sites and Excavations - Ancient Near East .net
		Tell Ain el-Kerkh - The Rouj Basin Project (University of Tsukuba Archaeological Missions to Syria)
		Tell Arbid - An Austrian-American Expedition to Northern Syria - Syrian-Polish Excavations of Tell Arbid.
		Tell Mashnaqa 1990-1995 - the Danish Archaeological Expedition to the Khabur
	www.ancientneareast.net /syria.html (817 words)

	brief history of sumer - world history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		For civilization to arise, there had to be sedentarization, which entails animal husbandry and agriculture or what is called the Neolithic or the Neolithic Revolution.
		It is believed that Jericho (north east of Jerusalem) was already a town ca8000 and Abu Hureyra (northern Syria) ca7500.
		There is evidence of settlement in the area of Mesopotamia as early as 8000 BCE at a place called Alikosh (east of the lower Tigris River).
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /s/sumer.html (1390 words)

	Archaeobotany-Syria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In On the Margin of the Euphrates: Settlement and Land Use at Tell es-Sweyhat and in the Upper Lake Assad Area, Syria, by T.J. Wilkinson, pp.
		In Tell Sabi Abyad II, The Pre-Pottery Neolithic B Settlement, eds.
		1985 The Palaeobotany of Tell Bouqras, Eastern Syria.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~nmiller0/syria.html (1309 words)

	ICE 2004 - Panel 27
		Gordon Hillman came to the Institute in 1981 from the University of Wales, Cardiff, to take up a research position working on plant remains from the Epipalaeolithic/Neolithic site of Tell Abu Hureyra, Syria, where he had been the archaeobotanist at the excavations conducted by Andrew Moore in the early 1970s.
		I envisaged Gordon's move to London as the first step towards broadening and strengthening archaeobotany at the Institute (where, under my predecessor Geoffrey Dimbleby, there had been a strong focus on pollen analysis), and a few years later we were able to appoint Gordon to a Lectureship in Archaeobotany.
		He joined excavations such as Asvan tepe, Can Hasan in Turkey and Abu Hureyra in Syria, traveled extensively, collected plant samples and studied traditional agricultural practices of Anatolian farmers in the early 1970s.
	www.kent.ac.uk /anthropology/ice2004/panels/panel27.html (1900 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Farming's roots pushed back
		They sifted through huge amounts of earth from the dig at Abu Hureyra to recover charred remnants of food.
		The little scraps float and we use a machine and a mesh to separate them out," he said.
		The evidence from Abu Hureyra is the earliest start to farming so far found by researchers, but the group behind this latest discovery believes it will be backed up by other digs in the area, straddling the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, where the modern way of life began.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_1434000/1434080.stm (545 words)

	abu hureyra tell - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		We found one dictionary with English definitions that includes the word abu hureyra tell:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "abu hureyra tell" is defined.
		Abu Hureyra, Tell : Archaeology Wordsmith [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=abu+hureyra+tell (72 words)

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