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Topic: Temne

	Temne - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mel Temne language, one of the four official languages of Sierra Leone, Africa.
		It is spoken by the large Temne tribe of Sierra Leone.
		'Temné' is the Hungarian word for dark: e.g.: it is the name for a popular dark beer; and Temné vody (Dark Water) is the name of a Hungarian horror movie released in 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Temne (139 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Assessment for Temne in Sierra Leone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		If the Temne are punished by the government for their participation in the civil war, then there exists the potential for more militant activity.
		The Temne have historically been involved in disputes over power with the other large ethnic groups in Sierra Leone, particularly the Mende, who are found in the southern part of the country and who are approximately the same size as the Temne.
		The Temne have largely supported the Revolutionary Union Force (RUF) during the war, and therefore it can be assumed that the repression levied against the RUF as reported by Amnesty International affected the group.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=45104 (1458 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Chronology for Temne in Sierra Leone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Temne ministers (from the Tonkolili district) left the APC and Stevens’ cabinet.
		Its leadership, including leader Foday Sankoh, is mainly Temne, though it began its activities in the southeastern region of the country dominated by Mende.
		RUF rebels, who are mostly Temne, vowed to continue fighting against what they described as the hegemony of the Mende.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=45104 (5752 words)

	African Languages - Temne, Tsonga (ASC)(MSU)
		Temne is a Mel language (southern branch of the West Atlantic branch of Niger Congo) and is spoken in the northern half of Sierra Leone.
		Even given the use of Temne as a lingua franca (with varying degrees of competence) in predominantly Temne-speaking areas, the WTPR (1982) estimate of 1.2 million seems inflated." The Voegelin and Voegelin (1977) report of 525,000 speakers appears too low.
		Temne is one of the four official languages of Sierra Leone.
	www.isp.msu.edu /AfrLang/language9.htm (214 words)

	Sierra Leone. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The two main ethnic groups are the Mende, who speak a Mande language and live in the central and southern parts of the country, and the Temne, who speak a W Atlantic language and live in the north.
		The Temne were living along the northern coast of present-day Sierra Leone when the first Portuguese navigators reached the region in 1460.
		The new colony was controlled by the Sierra Leone Company, which forcefully held off the Temne while the settlers supported themselves by farming.
	www.bartleby.com /65/si/SierraLe.html (2204 words)

	Sierra Leonean Heroes - "Early Freetown" - Sierra Leone Web
		Nemgbana was, in fact, the last traditional Temne ruler in the area that ultimately became the city of Freetown.
		Worse still, they were in constant danger of attack by the Koya Temne, who felt the British had cheated them to obtain land for the new colony.
		When war erupted between the Temne of Masimera and Marampa, Gumbu Smart was called to help Masimera and, as a reward, was given control of the Town of Rokon, where he settled with his followers.
	www.sierra-leone.org /heroes2.html (2621 words)

	Journal Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Temne belong to a West Atlantic group that probably migrated into Sierra Leone from Futa Jallon in present-day Republic of Guinea.
		Additional samples of Mende (n=22), Limba (n=11), and Temne (n=96) were obtained from Dr. Sahr Gevao at the University of Sierra Leone, Freetown and sent to the Medical University of South Carolina during the period 1996-1998.
		In the few cases (several Temne L1b1 haplotypes in Table 2), where there was disagreement between the haplogroup assignment based on the HV1 nucleotide sequence and the PCR-RFLP data, the assignment based on the HV1 nucleotide sequence usually proved to be correct.
	www.bumc.bu.edu /Dept/Content.aspx?departmentid=350&PageID=8508 (3544 words)

	Sierra Leonean Heroes - "Ancient History" - Sierra Leone Web
		Farma Tami was a great warrior and is regarded by the Temne people as their founder.
		The Temne elders still recall that Farma "taught people the art of war", and they still regard the town of Robaga as a sacred place.
		About the 19th century, the Temne took over Kholifa, and they have retained a strong Koranko strain in their culture at Kholifa to the present day.
	www.sierra-leone.org /heroes1.html (635 words)

	African Studies Review: Memories of the Slave Trade: Ritual and Historical Imagination in Sierra Leone
		Temne communities in northern Sierra Leone and in its capital, Freetown, provide the ethnographic focus of this book.
		The analysis of Temne perceptions of the occult is particularly welcome.
		She traces transformations in their perceptions of the spirit world, from powers that heal and with which people negotiate to destructive assailants and thieves who steal children, fertility, and sanity.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4106/is_200304/ai_n9219132 (761 words)

	Sierra Leone - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		There are about 20 different tribes living in Sierra Leone, which together make up about 90% of the population.
		The most important tribes are the Temne (mostly in the north) and Mende (central and south), both forming about one third of the population.
		There is a sizeable number of Creoles, descending from enslaved Africans, Asians stranded in London and other Londoners who established a colony there in the 1780s.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Sierra_Leone (883 words)

	Sierra Leone - AMAM
		Temne and Bullom artists from Sierra Leone, as well as artists from Nigeria's Benin Kingdom, carved these ivories, which present an intriguing mixture of European and African forms, motifs, styles, and patterns.
		The Oberlin saltcellar belongs to a subgroup of ivories that were produced along the Sierra Leonean Estuary.
		Today the Temne still consider the serpent their chief spirit, a symbol of transition and the cycle of life, and the tutelary deity for male and female initiation societies; Frederick Lamp, African Art of the West Atlantic Coast (exh.
	www.oberlin.edu /allenart/collection/sierra_leone.html (1471 words)

	Learning Styles and Culture
		In agricultural societies, like the Temne, members of the group need to conform to social demands, to follow seasonal styles which require everyone to plant and harvest at particular times.
		When Berry (1966) examined the research on Eskimo and Temne patterns of childrearing, he found great differences in the extent to which each culture emphasized independence versus conformity.
		Temne parents tended to treat children with great affection until weaning but afterwards demanded strict obedience.
	www.judithkleinfeld.com /ar_learningstyles.html (3799 words)

	worldsurface.com - sustainable tourism for backpackers and independent travellers
		The Mende, found in the east and south, form the largest group, constituting together with the related Kono, Kuranko, Susu, and Yalunka about one-half of the country's total population.
		They are closely followed in numbers by the Temne in the north, constituting together with the Limba about two-fifths of the population.
		The Creoles (less than 2 percent of the total population) are descendants of free fls who colonized the coast in the 19th century and play an important role in the political and administrative life of the country.
	www.worldsurface.com /browse/static.asp?staticpageid=214 (292 words)

	Temne Language Page - Handbook of African Language Resources (ASC)(MSU) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Even given the use of Temne as a lingua franca (with varying degrees of competence) in predominantly Temne-speaking areas, the UBS (1982) estimate of 1.2 million seems inflated." The Voegelin and Voegelin (1977) report of 525,000 speakers appears too low.
		Most available Temne materials are in either the Western or Bombali dialect.
		Nemer notes "a new orthography was developed as part of the `Literacy Programme for the Indigenous Languages' in 1980 by the Ministry of Education in Sierra Leone.
	www.isp.msu.edu /AfrLang/Temne_root.html (254 words)

	Sierra Leone: President: President Kabbah Meets Temne Tribal Headman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Alimamy Kandeh Kamara, at his Hill Station Presidential Lodge President Kabbah indicated that the functions of tribal heads are mainly restricted to advising government on the traditions and customs of the various tribes residing in Freetown.
		Continuing, he made reference to the country's vast agricultural potential as well as government's expected delivery of agricultural machinery and reminded headmen of their "big responsibility" in guiding their various tribal communities in the Western Area on how they could contribute to moving the country forward.
		He also observed that certain wharves in the Western Area were serving as conduits for illicit imports and exports, pointing out that tribal heads could play a significant role in helping to monitor and halt the smuggling of essential items from the country.
	www.statehouse-sl.org /he-tem-head-jan11.html (484 words)

	A short history of Sierra Leone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Originally present-day Sierra Leone, is inhabited by the Sherbro, followed by the Temne, Limba and Susu.
		In 1562 the Temne tribes form the state of Temne.
		At the coast of the area the Freetown is founded in 1791 as a settlement for emancipated slaves, ruled by the Sierra Leone Company.
	www.electionworld.org /history/sierraleone.htm (430 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Since performances of Temne oral literature are highly dependent on the reaction and the active participation of the audience, verbal reactions of this kind have been rendered in the texts.
		The project was sponsored by the Cultural Department of the Ministry of External Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany.
		Since oral art has died a silent death in many parts of Africa over the last decades, the editors want to contribute to the conservation of oral tradition in Sierra Leone which is evidently an exception to the general trend.
	www.koeppe.de /katalogE/3-927620-76-9.html (181 words)

	Nordem Report
		The newly elected President Kabbah organised his government by including several ministers from the North that had Temne origin, including his presidential rivalry Thaimu Bangura who became Minister of Finance.
		In the North the population is widely Temne and in the East-North-East the Limba ethnic group lives.
		The All People’s Congress (APC), which governed between the coups of 1968 and 1992, is northern-based, drawing its strongest support from the Temne and Limba.
	www.humanrights.uio.no /forskning/publ/nr/2002/07/nordem_report-Politica.html (1751 words)

	Conflict resolution, prevention, and transformation: Search for Common Ground
		Makeni and Mile 91 are northern towns populated predominantly by Sierra Leone's minority ethnic group, the Temne.
		The Temne are very sensitive to what they perceive as favoritism of the majority Mende ethnic group: the government is Mende-dominated, and services, including mobile phones, have been slower to reach the Temne north than the Mende south.
		On this day, we introduced similar programs in Temne and Limba that will be regularly broadcast in Mile 91 and Makeni since they reflect languages spoken in that area.
	www.sfcg.org /programmes/sierra/sierra_celtel.html (990 words)

	Temne Translation Service - English to Temne Translators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		We realise that you still want high quality Temne translation done on time and at a reasonable price.
		Professional translators whose native language is Temne perform our English to Temne translation.
		Professional translators whose native language is English and have fluent Temne perform our Temne to English translation.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/temne_translation.shtml (265 words)

	Sierre Leone Population
		Ethnic groups: Temne 30%, Mende 30%, Krio 1%, balance spread over 15 other tribal groups, and a small Lebanese community.
		Languages: English, Krio, Temne, Mende, and 15 other indigenous languages.
		The Temne in the north and the Mende in the South are the largest.
	www.nationbynation.com /Sierraleone/Population.html (105 words)

	Kadi and the Dog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		I feel embarrassed now to admit that I was irritated by that incident (she's so young, after all); I guess anything that threatens my notion that I have been accepted into this community is upsetting.
		At that point Kadi came to beg me for some aspirin which I grudgingly doled out thinking that she was using Brima as an excuse for her usual headaches.
		You should have a Temne wife while you live in Temne country.
	mit.edu /jync/www/writing/kadi.html (862 words)

	Study Books - Current Abstracts \| New Books and Current Reviews \| Temne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Tamba and the Chief: A Temne Tale (Lilly, Melinda.
		Political Kingdoms of Temne: Temne Government in Sierra Leone 1825-1900
		Temne names and proverbs (Stories and songs from Sierra Leone)
	www.currentabstracts.com /vlink1476.html (103 words)

	African Art - Temne mask
		Description: Both the Mende and the Temne used masks known as min (spirit) in their Bundu female society.
		These masks were carved from one piece of tree.
		They were worn over the head with the rim resting on the shoulders.
	www.artofwestafrica.com /product.asp?ProductID=26&ProductCat=Museum (40 words)

	Sierra Leone: A Country Profile By Mulegwa Zihindula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Roughly the size of South Carolina, Sierra Leone is a small, tropical country located in West Africa and bordered by Guinea, Liberia, and the Atlantic Ocean.
		It is widely believed that of the 12 ethnic groups, the Mende in the south and the Temne in the north (who together make up 30 percent of the population) were the first inhabitants of Sierra Leone.
		They were followed by other people from West Africa and then, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, freed African slaves, now known as Creole, settled there.
	gbgm-umc.org /africa/sierra-leone/sprofile.html (595 words)

	[No title]
		Mende is the principal language of the south, Temne is prominent in the north, and Krio (the language of ex-slaves from Freetown) is also popular and can be heard in nearly every village.
		Native Africans comprise the largest ethnic group at 90%, broken up into Temne (30%) Mende (30%) other (30%) along with a Creole minority.
		Religious beliefs can be separated into: Muslim (60%) indigenous beliefs (30%) and Christianity (10%) though these figures are difficult to ascertain as many mix their beliefs.
	www.elca.org /countrypackets/sierra-leone/country-print.html (618 words)

	Peace Corps Online \| November 1, 1989 - Personal Web Page: Sierra Leone RPCV John Nagamichi Cho writes about Kadi and ...
		I may learn their language, their culture, the way they eat fufu, the art of tie-dyeing gara, even the rituals of the secret society, but my memories, the mythology of the self, will never be Temne.
		By the time she came again to fetch me, fear was swimming in her eyes, her Temne words pitched high as kora strings.
		Sontehm yu fo get Temne uman we yu de deh na Temne lan.
	peacecorpsonline.org /messages/messages/467/2016706.html (1076 words)

	timeline.html
		16th century AD Mende and Temne tribes settle in Sierra Leone.
		Mende in the south, Temne in the north.
		Temne beat Freetown in a war the same year it was established.
	intranet.dalton.org /ms/4th/SierraLeone/timeline.html (766 words)

	Phrasebase - Temne Language Facts And Information
		Dialects: BANTA, KONIKE, YONI, BOMBALI, WESTERN TEMNE (PIL), SANDA, RIBIA, KHOLIFA, KOYA, MASINGBI, MALAL.
		Taught as an elective from primary to college level.
		NOTE: We use a variety of sources for compiling these facts and information about Temne Language.
	www.phrasebase.com /languages/index.php?cat=413 (226 words)

	Search Results for temne - Encyclopædia Britannica
		group of some 1.6 million people of central and northwestern Sierra Leone who speak a language (also called Temne) of the Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo family.
		Located on the government railway, it is a traditional trade centre (in rice, palm oil and kernels, tomatoes, and kola nuts) among the Temne people.
		Expand your search on temne with these databases:
	www.britannica.com /search?query=temne&submit=Find&source=MWTAB (283 words)

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