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Topic: Tempera

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	Painting & Drawing - Tempera
		Tempera was used all over the world: for the icons of the Russian and Greek churches, for panels of Italian painters, for Islamic manuscripts, and even for modern American painters.
		Tempera paint is the most common medium used by Muslims artists to illuminate manuscripts and documents because of their delicacy.
		Tempera was widely used in Europe, but mostly associated with Italian panel paintings from the 13 th to the 15 th century.
	gallery.sjsu.edu /arth198/painting/tempera.html (1206 words)

	History of Tempera Page
		The traditional use of tempera for mural and panel painting continued in Western Europe during the Romanesque period, but it was in Italy that the medium was given new impetus in the matter of representation.
		Tempera was still retained, however, particularly for large wall decorations by such noteworthy artists as the Venetian Tiepolo (1696-1770), renowned for his fresco decorations, and the Spaniard Goya (1746-1828), who painted the frescoes of the cupola of S. Antonio de la Florida in Madrid.
		Its distinctive characteristics have enabled tempera to survive the era of oil painting, a medium which in turn appears to be in competition with a newer medium, acrylics.
	www.vanaken.com /history.htm (1306 words)

	WatercolorPainting.com - Reference - Egg Tempera
		Tempera painters use cross hatching brush strokes to enhance the feeling of volume by following the contours of the forms, instead of applying strokes as if the form were flat.
		Tempera paint requires a slightly absorbent ground because of the relatively weak binding strength of the egg.
		Society of Tempera Painters - The Society of Tempera Painters is dedicated to the improvement in the art of Tempera Painting by the interchange of the knowledge and experience of the members.
	www.watercolorpainting.com /eggtempera.htm (885 words)

	Sanford & A Lifetime of Color: Study Art
		Tempera or "egg tempera" is a type of paint made by mixing powered pigments with egg yolks.
		Tempera pigments usually came from natural sources such as minerals, wood, plants or clay.
		Tempera remained popular, especially in early Renaissance Italy, until the 15th century, when oil paints were developed.
	www.sanford-artedventures.com /study/g_tempera.html (142 words)

	Egg Tempera
		Tempera emulsions form their own protective surface film and do not darken with age as oil paint films do.
		In egg tempera, a red wash may, for example, be applied over a blue wash, and the result will be a blue-red or violet, whereas the result of this procedure in watercolor will tend to appear as a muddy brown.
		After the tempera painting is completed, it can be burnished (polished) with an agate to add depth and brilliance and to increase transparency, or it can be varnished to look like an oil painting.
	www.trueart.info /egg_tempera.htm (1017 words)

	Alex Garcia - Artist Working In Egg Tempera - Egg Tempera?
		I've found that many people don't know that egg tempera is the second oldest medium known to man. It predates oil painting by hundreds of years, was used in the middle-ages for religious icon painting and is in use today by a myriad of artists working in various styles.
		Tempera (or egg tempera) is the primary type of artist's paint and associated art techniques that were prevalent in Europe's Middle Ages.
		Tempera was traditionally created by hand-grinding dry powdered pigments into egg yolk (which was the primary binding agent or medium), sometimes along with other materials such as honey, water, milk (in the form of casein) and a variety of plant gums.
	www.alexogarcia.com /aog2/egg_tempera.asp (502 words)

	tempera. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Tempera’s particular advantage is that clear, pure colors are produced, which are not so subject to oxidation as are oils.
		However, tempera does not lend itself to the expression of nuances of color and atmosphere.
		Well known from antiquity, tempera was the exclusive panel medium in the Middle Ages and the early Renaissance, and in Italy it was not supplanted by oil until c.1500.
	www.bartleby.com /65/te/tempera.html (317 words)

	Champion Tempera: A Good One For Harty \| bloodhorse.com
		Tempera, sent off at odds of 11-1 in the Juvenile Fillies, had smooth sailing from the outside post in a field of nine.
		Flores kept her close to the lead while remaining on the outside, and she overtook stablemate Imperial Gesture in the final furlong to give Harty a one-two finish in a race whose winner has gone on to be voted an Eclipse champion in 15 of its first 18 runnings, from 1984-2001.
		Tempera concluded her year with a record of three wins and two thirds from five starts, with earnings of $670,240.
	news.bloodhorse.com /viewstory.asp?id=8147 (693 words)

	Tempera Paint -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Tempera was traditionally created by hand-grinding dry powdered pigments into egg yolk (which was the primary binding agent or ''medium''), sometimes along with other materials such as honey, water, milk (in the form of casein) and a variety of plant gums.
		However, the term ''tempera'' in modern times is also used by some manufacturers to refer to ordinary poster paint, which is a form of gouache (opaque watercolor) that has nothing to do with real egg tempera.
		Any tuning system which is not equal temperament but which tunes the chromatic scale in a way suitable for a keyboard instrument and in such a way that music in any key can be played in tune is a well temperament.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/145/tempera-paint.html (1524 words)

	Acrylic And Tempera Artist's Paints by Tony Johansen
		Tempera was perfectly suited to the needs of many artist's, but clients started demanding the flashier works of the artist's who were using oil paints at the time.
		Tempera is unique in that it is the only artist's material widely used that can never be successfully manufactured in a factory.
		Tempera on the other hand is less adhesive which means it is best applied to a traditional size and whiting ground.
	www.paintmaking.com /acrylics_and_tempera.htm (1580 words)

	Painting with Egg Tempera - from Mona Lisa Artists' Materials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Traditional tempera is made by mixing finely ground pigment with egg yolk, distilled water, and sometimes linseed oil and varnish to increase the workability.
		Applying tempera is a process of layering, and the techniques used are dictated by the medium.
		Tempera can be used on many supports including canvas and paper, but the traditional support is an inflexible board whose surface has been primed with two or more coats of white gesso.
	www.monalisa-artmat.com /tempera.htm (769 words)

	Mercier Fine Art : Lon Mercier, Fine Artist working in egg tempera
		Egg tempera is one of the oldest painting media and a rare art form today.
		Egg tempera was in popular use until the Renaissance, when it was supplanted by oil paint.
		Tempera painting is done upon a white gessoed panel, which ensures a glass-like surface, necessary for fine detail work.
	www.mercierfineart.com /mercier_egg_tempera/tempera_start.html (312 words)

	KidsArt Art Education Supplies On-Line Catalog - Tempera Paint Set
		Tempera paint is the most popular medium for art education, and for many reasons.
		Use tempera paint to teach all the basic skills of brush painting, for printmaking, posters, painting on windows, and for all sorts of arts and crafts projects.
		Tempera can be mixed with other materials to create thick paint, textured paint, thin washes and more.
	www.kidsart.com /store/tempset.html (835 words)

	Art of Boguslaw Mosielski - Egg Tempera - Description
		One of the oldest painting techniques, tempera was widely used by the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans.
		Before tempera was completely forgotten, it was used for a while in mixed media (oil and tempera, i.e., both van Eycks), or as underpainting.
		Tempera allows one to paint fine details, and offers a wide color range, as one can mix the many dry pigments available to artists today.
	www.magma.ca /~mosielsk/paintings/egg-temp/egg-temp-text.htm (692 words)

	The Stuff of Art
		The whole egg, the yolk, or the white may be used as a tempera medium.
		He speaks of a tempera for wall painting, made of the white and yolk of an egg into which are put some cuttings of young shoots of a fig tree.
		The egg tempera which is traditional and reflects the practice of many centuries is that made simply with yolk of egg.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /sci_cult/chemart/temperas.html (788 words)

	Egg Tempera
		Egg Tempera is a painting medium and method, but painters sometimes have to put calligraphy and calligraphic ornaments in their pictures.
		This is because egg tempera is an emulsion, where a gum allows small drops of water to be held in suspension in water.
		Egg tempera is ideally used on a rigid panel prepared with traditional gesso (rabbit skin glue, marble dust or talc or slaked plaster, and white coloration).
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Arts/painting/principl-tech/paint-instruct/explor-tech/egg-temp/eggtemp.htm (1457 words)

	Milk and Eggs: The American Revival of Tempera Painting, 1930-1950; Exhibition Summary by Mary Cronin, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Egg tempera was used in N.C. Wyeth's studio in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania during the 1930s.
		Andrew Wyeth made egg tempera his primary medium and is highly acclaimed for his use of it today.
		Tempera painting is best done on a rigid support, such as wood.
	www.tfaoi.com /aa/3aa/3aa187.htm (2945 words)

	egg tempera - ConceptArt.org Forums
		Tempera dries quickly just like acrylic paint so maybe these two are similar.
		A reverse approach is more likely, as it's possible to use a tempera technique with acrylic by painting in thin layers, but that's about as close as one can get.
		Tempera blending seems more like drawing than painting to me. You can't build an impasto surface in tempera without it cracking, or cover a large area easily with paint; not a problem with arcylics.
	www.conceptart.org /forums/showthread.php?t=3186 (975 words)

	Tempera Painting - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Tempera Painting, method of painting in which the pigment is carried in an egg, casein, gum, or glycerine solution in water.
		In the course of its history, Western painting has taken several major forms, involving distinctive media and techniques.
		In tempera paintings the cracks are barely visible, but in oil paintings they...
	encarta.msn.com /Tempera_Painting.html (126 words)

	Art QandA Paints Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Tempera is a simple combination of equal parts pure egg yolk (separate yolk from egg white and pour the yolk contents out of the yolk membrane) and dry pigment ground into a paste with plain water.
		Some people varnish the soft luster of tempera with glossy resin varnish such as damar as a protection from dust and moisture, others buff with a wax medium but most modern purists prize the dull luster of the natural tempera surface.
		Egg tempera dries as soon as it is set down and can only be blended through hatch mark transitions and encaustic must be kept heated to remain fluid.
	members.tripod.com /~qaart/paint.html (3998 words)

	Egg Tempera Paintings
		Van Eyck [1390-1441] became very skilled at this technique, painting in water based egg tempera, then glazing with oil and balsam, going back to tempera for details and glazing again, Giovanni Bellini [1430-1516], in his life time went from egg tempera to oil.
		Gesso is a mixture of whiting (chalk, gypsum, marble dust or titanium oxide), rabbitskin glue and water.
		Acrylic gesso is not so absorbent and is certainly not chemically compatible with egg tempera or oil paint for that matter.
	www.realcolorwheel.com /eggtempera.htm (1746 words)

	Art Supplies from Daniel Smith Art Materials
		Egg tempera paint goes a long way and an ounce or two (30-60m1) of prepared pigment should suffice for several small to medium-sized paintings.
		To mix your palette of egg tempera paints, use a palette knife to take dabs of the pigment-water mixtures out of the jars and put them on a palette (paper palettes which are not slick-surfaced work well).
		Egg tempera has a characteristic slight sheen which can be seen by looking at dry strokes from an angle.
	www.danielsmith.com /Learn/Articles/Making-Egg-Tempera.asp (1294 words)

	ESPN.com - Horse Racing - Champion filly Tempera euthanized
		Tom Albertrani, assistant to trainer Saeed bin Suroor, said Tempera had been stricken with a fever Friday and was transported the next day to Hagyard-Davidson-McGee equine clinic in Lexington.
		Tempera was scheduled to run Friday in the Kentucky Oaks, a race in which Imperial Gesture will still run, said Albertrani.
		The loss of Tempera marks yet another setback for Godolphin since the powerhouse stable began bringing horses to run at Churchill several years ago.
	espn.go.com /horse/news/2002/0429/1375464.html (420 words)

	tempera - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Tempera Painting, method of painting in which the pigment is carried in an egg, casein, gum, or glycerine solution in water.
		In the course of its history, Western painting has taken several major forms, involving distinctive media and techniques.
		gouache, watercolor sketch, painting, picture, gouache, poster paint, powder paint, tempera
	ca.encarta.msn.com /tempera.html (102 words)

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