Temperament (music) - Factbites

Temperament (music) - Factbites
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Topic: Temperament (music)

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	Bohlen-Pierce Scale
		The Bohlen-Pierce scale is a musical scale that offers an alternative to the equal temperament used in western music after Johann Sebastian Bach.
		While the Bohlen-Pierce scale is currently most often played in equal temperament for practical reasons, that scale is an approximation of a just intonation system based only on ratios of odd whole numbers, similar to the spectra of instruments such as the clarinet which consist of primarly the odd harmonics.
		An interesting, or frustrating, aspect of the Bohlen-Pierce scale is that traditional music theory and even's one intuition do not seem to apply.
	www.knowledgegeek.com /item/Bohlen-Pierce_Scale_240.aspx

	Well v.s. equal temperament
		Equal temperament is appropriate for some music of the 20th century, especially atonal music, and music based on the whole tone scale, but not for the works of the 18th and 19th centuries.
		Equal temperament, the modern and usually inappropriate system of tuning used in western music, is based on the twelfth root of 2.
		When we listen to their music in our modern equal temperament, we are not hearing their harmonic intentions.
	www.math.uwaterloo.ca /~mrubinst/tuning/tuning.html (1354 words)

	Musical Info
		Studio J use MIDI bending to change the temperament (wish I could change my temperament that easily)
		circonium : music - the sound of berlin
		Two in a Bar Rule - UK Government plans to outlaw live music :-(
	www.canopus22.demon.co.uk /links/musinfo.htm (1354 words)

	Well v.s. equal temperament
		Well temperament represented a departure from the various meantone tunings that were used in earlier music.
		Bach's motivation for composing the WTC was to demonstrate the feasability of composing in well temperament and to demostrate the varying key colors in well tempered tuning as one progresses around the circle of fifths.
		Equal temperament is appropriate for some music of the 20th century, especially atonal music, and music based on the whole tone scale, but not for the works of the 18th and 19th centuries.
	www.math.uwaterloo.ca /~mrubinst/tuning/tuning.html (1354 words)

	NewMusicBox
		The only music that equal temperament supports, as Lou has often put it, is 12-tone music; in 12-tone music, all the major thirds are theoretically equal, all the major 7ths, and so on, so I suppose one might want equal temperament to play 12-tone music authentically.
		In most well temperament, and especially this one, the keys most closely related to C major/A minor have the flattest fifths and the most consonant thirds.
		The first recording of Beethoven's music in the original temperament appeared a couple of years ago: Beethoven in the Temperaments, with pianist Enid Katahn and piano tuner Edward Foote (Gasparo).
	www.newmusicbox.org /page.nmbx?id=17tp11 (949 words)

	Equal temperament - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Twelve tone equal temperament was introduced in the West to permit the playing of music in all keys with an equal amount of mis- tuning in each, without having to provide more than 12 pitches per octave on instruments, while still roughly approximating just intonation intervals.
		At the time equal temperament was beginning to take hold in the West, many people perceived the much-increased mis-tuning of the music, relative to meantone temperament, as a disgrace.
		Equal temperament is a scheme of musical tuning in which the octave is divided into a series of equal steps (equal frequency ratios).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Equal_temperament (949 words)

	Historical Tuning
		In well temperament, it is also possible to play in all keys without re-tuning, but each key has its own character, which can be utilized by the composer for creating an additional dimension to the music.
		In equal temperament, it is possible to play in all keys without re-tuning, and an interval in one key has the same frequency ratio as the same interval in any other key.
		Equal temperament is the present-day tuning, Bach used well temperament, meantone was used just prior to Bach, and the Pythagorean tuning was and is still only an academic standard.
	users.bestweb.net /~rmp (1205 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Temperament: The Idea That Solved Music's Greatest Riddle
		He skirts the edges of libel by implying that Isacoff's description of equal temperament as "the final solution" to tonal music is in some unfathomable way akin to "the way somebody else's `final solution' eliminated human beings." That is a shameful insinuation, and it is not only illogical, it is irresponsible.
		A reader completely new to the topic of temperaments would be much better served by simply starting with Lindley's excellent article "Temperaments" in the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, and then exploring the sources found in that bibliography, with Steblin high on that priority list.
		Stuart Isacoff's examination of the evolution of this facet of music was, to my surprise, a really "good read." Musical temperament is a somewhat esoteric subject, so I didn't expect it to be presented in such clear, literate prose.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0375403558?v=glance (2707 words)

	This note's for you
		The method that western music has adopted is to use the system of equal temperament (also known as even temperament) whereby the ratio of the frequencies of any two adjacent `notes' (i.e.
		It is an old (and well-understood) problem in music that you can't tune a piano perfectly.
		Since western music has settled on a chromatic scale consisting of twelve semitones, we can compute the necessary ratio, r.
	www.research.att.com /~njas/sequences/DUNNE/TEMPERAMENT.HTML (3574 words)

	Equal temperament - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Equal temperament is a scheme of musical tuning in which the octave is divided into a series of equal steps (equal frequency ratios).
		Twelve tone equal temperament was introduced in the West to permit the playing of music in all keys with an equal amount of mis-tuning in each, without having to provide more than 12 pitches per octave on instruments, while still roughly approximating just intonation intervals.
		Equal temperaments allow the use of integer notation; a single integer can be used to represent the pitch.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Equal_temperament (1899 words)

	A beginner's guide to temperament
		In this temperament the major thirds are perfectly in tune and the fourths and fifths slightly compromised - except for one hideously catastrophic fifth, usually between G sharp and E flat, the famous 'wolf'.
		Other circulating temperaments have been devised in modern times, almost all of them suffering from the grave defect that they are difficult to commit to memory and therefore difficult to use in practice (you can't tune an organ with a book in one hand).
		In equal temperament all the notes in the scale are shifted by the same amount in order to resolve the problem.
	www.users.dircon.co.uk /~oneskull/3.6.04.htm (1780 words)

	Tunings - Permutation lattice graph showing open and closed musical temperaments
		On a conventional musical keyboard, all of the musical fifths in the mean-tone temperament are the same except for one, the so-called "wolf fifth." Within the range of musical key signatures in which the wolf fifth (and related wolf thirds and sixths) can be avoided, the mean-tone temperament sounds more harmonious than 12-tone equal temperament.
		This graph shows musical temperaments in which the interval of the perfect fifth is within
		Musical fifths near the center of the series of 71 are of more interest, because these fifths are accessible on smaller keyboards and/or with less hand motion.
	www.bikexprt.com /tunings/tunings3.htm (1780 words)

	Tuning Systems
		Various well temperaments did become very popular in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and much of the keyboard-instrument music of those centuries may have been written to take advantage of the tuning characteristics of particular keys in particular well temperaments.
		The various well temperament tunings that were very popular in the 18th and 19th centuries try to strike a balance between staying close to pure intervals and avoiding wolf intervals.
		In modern times, well temperaments have been replaced by equal temperament, so much so in Western music that equal temperament is considered standard tuning even for voice and for instruments that are more likely to play using just intonation when they can (see above).
	cnx.rice.edu /content/m11639/latest (3885 words)

	Powers, Roots, and Equal Temperament
		Roots and powers are relevant to music because equal temperament divides the octave into twelve equal half steps.
		Summary: A review of roots and powers for the music student who wishes to understand frequency relationships in equal temperament.
		They are particularly useful when discussing equal temperament.
	cnx.rice.edu /content/m11809/latest (276 words)

	Mathematics of musical scales
		The interval 81/80, called the syntonic comma or comma of Didymus, is the key comma of meantone temperament, and the fact that it becomes a unison in meantone temperament is a key fact of Western music.
		A musical scale is a discrete set of pitch es used in making or describing music.
		Below are Ogg Vorbis files demonstrating the difference between just intonation and equal temperament.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/M/Mathematics-of-musical-scales.htm (276 words)

	ART, MATHEMATICS AND MUSIC
		Music and mathematics also have a close affinity as is readily apparent from the two books of 24 Preludes and Fugues composed by Johann Sebastian Bach using the equal-temperament scale, also known as the well-tempered Clavier.
		One remembers that Pythagoras did fundamental work on the foundations of the musical scale and on the vibrations of strings, and that the French mathematician Mersenne was also a musician and was the originator of the equal-temperament scale.
		The Pythagorean musical scale and the equal-temperament scale.
	www.qub.ac.uk /mp/amtpt/pers/moiseiwitsch/AMM/AMM.htm (6545 words)

	Historical Tuning
		In equal temperament, it is possible to play in all keys without re-tuning, and an interval in one key has the same frequency ratio as the same interval in any other key.
		Equal temperament is the present-day tuning, Bach used well temperament, meantone was used just prior to Bach, and the Pythagorean tuning was and is still only an academic standard.
		If you want to play and hear Bach as he intended it, you must tune your harpsichord (or piano, if that's all you have) in well temperament, not equal temperament.
	users.bestweb.net /~rmp (1205 words)

	Mathematics of musical scales - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The interval 81/80, called the syntonic comma or comma of Didymus, is the key comma of meantone temperament, and the fact that it becomes a unison in meantone temperament is a key fact of Western music.
		A musical scale is a discrete set of pitches used in making or describing music.
		Western common practice music usually cannot be played in just intonation, even when it is confined to a single key.
	www.wikipedia.com /wiki/MathOfTheWesternMusicalScale (1163 words)

	The Equal Tempered Scale and Peculiarities of Piano Tuning
		The initial task of a piano tuner is known as setting the temperament, that is, to tune a section in the middle of the keyboard to an equal tuned temperament.
		There are systematic methods of setting the temperament which depend on setting intervals to natural harmonics, and then adjusting them sharp or flat by listening to, and adjusting for a specific beat rate.
		In the equal tempered scale, the twelve intervals are spread evenly between the octaves.
	www.precisionstrobe.com /apps/pianotemp/temper.html (4260 words)

	Multi-TEMPERAMENT Scales Manual
		Equal temperament was probably known in the 1700s or earlier, but was not considered a satisfactory scale due to the impurity of all intervals.
		A non-equal temperament must be based on a key that is harmonious with the key in which a piece of music is played or else dissonance will result.
		Each of the 14 temperaments on this disk is a subtle change in the way the notes within each octave are tuned.
	www.webcom.com /jawknee/Mirage/UPWARD/multitempdocs.html (1300 words)

	Equal Temperament
		Tuning and Temperaments Early Music Institute School of Music IU Bloomington
		Equal tempered 4ths are wide by 1 beat per second.
		Equal tempered 5ths are narrow by ½ beat per second.
	www.music.indiana.edu /som/piano_repair/temperaments/Equal.html (304 words)

	Temperament
		To those who know better, equal temperament's compromised tuning is as ungrateful to the ear as "soiled and faint colors are to the eye.".
		The chords of the piano have introduced into music new intervals that accommodate themselves in some way or other to temperament.
		But major thirds in equal temperament are tempered seven times as much as the fifths.
	www.72note.com /temperaments/temperament.html (949 words)

	History of Tuning and Temperament
		In equal temperament, every 5th is narrow by 2 cents, (702 - 2 = 700), and every 4th is wide by 2 cents, (498 + 2 - 500).
		In 1940, L. Lloyd wrote an article entitled The Myth of equal Temperament in which he described the improbability of singers, or players of any instrument with variable intonation of being able to sing or play in true equal temperament; or, a keyboard instrument actually being tuned to theoretically correct equal temperament.
		All music sounds best when played in the temperament that the composer was using at the time.
	www.terryblackburn.us /music/temperament/stoess.htm (2797 words)

	Equal Temperament Company
		Out of a commitment to the music community, Equal Temperament Solutions supports a few non-profit music organizations with free design, hosting and maintenance services.
		Equal Temperament Solutions was founded in 2002 by Matthew Fries and Michael Sanita.
		Equal Temperament Solutions uses the ClickTime Web Timesheet for our time tracking.
	www.equaltemp.com /company.shtml (219 words)

	Re: temperament in "Ad chlvichordium faciendum"
		For the syntonic comma temperament as mathematically quantified, Zarlino is the first theorist that I know of, and Lindley discusses the implications of this development in a recent essay on the 2/7-comma temperament (which he finds ideal for some Venetian organ music, e.g.
		In the 16th century, he was taken as the founder of temperaments, and often more specifically of 12-note equal temperament (accepted by a number of theorists from mid-century on as standard for the lute).
		For a published treatise of Salinas on these temperaments (and also a description of the Italian archicembalo dividing a tone into five parts, evidently that of Vicentino), I seem to recall a date of 1577; anyway, your links are really helpful, and help to make the basis for this discussion more accessible.
	www.talkaboutthemusic.com /group/rec.music.early/messages/71856.html (219 words)

	Temerament / Key Character / Tuning - Part 1
		In short, when the temperament is a strongly tonal one as heard here, the music emerges with a much wider range of expression, more intensity all around...and when that's all missing (as in equal temperament, the atonal temperament) the music is washed out, bland, merely pretty.
		Neil, the "magnificent timbre" of an organ and its temperament are inter-related!
		The effect of all this is: in the meantone temperaments, the overall sound of the organ (when playing chords) is more resonant because the tierces and mixtures line up and reinforce one another.
	www.bach-cantatas.com /Topics/Temperament.htm (5347 words)

	History of Tuning and Temperament
		Some temperaments have 3 or 4 groups of keys with similar colors, while other temperaments gradually change as flats or sharps are added.
		In 1940, L. Lloyd wrote an article entitled The Myth of equal Temperament in which he described the improbability of singers, or players of any instrument with variable intonation of being able to sing or play in true equal temperament; or, a keyboard instrument actually being tuned to theoretically correct equal temperament.
		All music sounds best when played in the temperament that the composer was using at the time.
	www.terryblackburn.us /music/temperament/stoess.htm (2797 words)

	The Well Tempered Piano Six Degrees Of Tonality -
		The differences among the Well Temperaments are in how evenly the tempering changes from one key to the next and how much contrast between keys is allowed, but the overall form of the genre is near constant.
		Thus, the two distinguishing features of a Well Temperament are the lack of wolves and the predictable variety of dissonance, or "color", in the keys.
		Temperament thus forms the keyboard's intonation, and that it has changed so profoundly has strong implications for musicians and audiences who seek the fullest expression of a composer's work.
	www.uk-piano.org /edfoote/well_tempered_piano.html (1286 words)

	Temperaments and the circle of fifths
		The well tempered tunings are circulating (no wolf) temperaments, some of the modified mean tone temperaments such as 18th century English, contain very small "wolves" where the comma has been slightly exceeded, and some 5ths have been widened by 1/12th or 1/6th of a comma.
		The restricted temperaments, give generally good results in the popular keys: in churches, for example, generally only the popular keys are used during worship, so one of the mean tone temperaments would be ideal.
		However, unequal temperament has now returned to stay, and equal temperament is no longer the standard tuning for harpsichords and other kindred instruments, and it is being superseded by unequal tunings for organs.
	www.kirnberger.fsnet.co.uk /TEMPS4.html (2428 words)

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