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Topic: Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

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List of global 200 ecoregions

Nearctic

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Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

List of Australasia ecoregions

Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests

Forest

List of forests

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

Temperate coniferous forests

Temperate Broadleaf Deciduous Forest

Temperate hardwood forest

Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

List of palearctic ecoregions

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	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests are a temperate and humid biome.
		Temperatures are typically moderate except in parts of Asia such as Ussuriland where temperate forests can occur despite extremely harsh winters due to the heavy summer monsoon rains.
		Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests (World Wildlife Fund)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests (324 words)

	Forest
		Forests can be found in all regions capable of sustaining tree growth, at altitudes up to the tree-line, except where rainfall is too low, or natural fire frequency too high.
		Forests generally contain a large number of different tree species growing to different heights, combined with an understory, which makes efficient use of sunlight.
		A forest in its natural form is home to many animal and plant species, and biomass per unit area is high compared to most other biomes.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/f/fo/forest.html (246 words)

	[No title]
		Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests are generally characteristic of the warmer temperate latitudes but extend to cool temperate ones, particularly in the southern hemisphere.
		Forests west of the Appalachians in North America suffered the most severe impacts in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but are still under pressure from demand for timber and pulp.
		Forests of warmer temperate and subtropical areas have a higher diversity of species, many of which are localised and therefore in general more vulnerable to extinction.
	www.biodiv.org /gbo/chap-01/chap-01-05.asp?print=1 (2203 words)

	Temperate hardwood forest - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		These are forests, generally mesic, where hardwood or broadleaf trees, mostly deciduous, form vast forests.
		These forests support ecosystems that are very different from temperate and cold-climate evergreen forests, and from most tropical forests, exhibiting an extreme cycling involving leaf fall, a cold winter and dormancy.
		This forest type is included in the biome labeled Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests.
	www.objectsspace.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Temperate_hardwood_forest (230 words)

	Temperate coniferous forests Definition / Temperate coniferous forests Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Temperate coniferous forests are a terrestrialEcoregions are defined by the World Wildlife Fund as "relatively large units of land or water containing a distinct assemblage of natural communities and species, with boundaries that approximate the original extent of natural communities prior to major land-use change".
		Temperate evergreen forests are common in the coastal areas of regions that have mild winters and heavy rainfall, or inland in drier climates or mountain areas.
		Temperate Coniferous Forests is a biome in which the climate is temperate cold and humid.
	www.elresearch.com /Temperate_coniferous_forests (781 words)

	Temperate coniferous forests - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Temperate coniferous forests are a terrestrial biome found in temperate regions of the world with warm summers and cool winters and adequate rainfall to sustain a forest.
		In most temperate coniferous forests, evergreen conifers predominate, while some are a mix of conifers and broadleaf evergreen trees and/or broadleaf deciduous trees.
		Pine forests support an herbaceous understory that is generally dominated by grasses and herbaceous perennials, and are often subject to ecologically important wildfires.
	www.psychcentral.com /psypsych/Temperate_coniferous_forests (384 words)

	Deciduous Forest Biome
		The average annual temperature in a deciduous forest is 50° F. The average rainfall is 30 to 60 inches a year.
		The deciduous forests are located in the temperate zone above the tropical forests and below the coniferous forests.
		Most deciduous forests are found in Eastern North America somewhere around 35-48° N, and Europe and Asia around 45-60° N. There are some deciduous regions in the southern hemisphere but their plants and animals are different from those of the northern deciduous forests.
	www.blueplanetbiomes.org /deciduous_forest.htm (751 words)

	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests are a temperate and humid biome (biome: A major biotic community characterized by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate).
		Tasmanian temperate rain forests (Tasmanian temperate rain forests: the tasmanian temperate rain forests are an ecoregion of western tasmania....
		Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests (Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan: A landlocked republic in southwestern Asia; formerly an Asian soviet), Iran (Iran: A theocratic islamic republic in the Middle East in western Asia; Iran was the core of the ancient empire that was known as Persia until 1935; rich in oil; involved in state-sponsored terrorism))
	absoluteastronomy.com /reference/temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests (2195 words)

	Biodiversity for Development CD-ROM
		The earth’s land surface is composed of 20 per cent grasslands with temperate grasslands representing one forth of the area and savannas the remainder.
		Characteristic of tropical areas affected by seasonal drought, tropical dry forests are often composed of a deciduous forest canopy.
		Forest plantations were usually intended for the production of timber and pulpwood and often consist of only one species.
	www.undp.org /biodiversity/biodiversitycd/ecoTypes.htm (933 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Caucasus mixed forests (PA0408)
		Coniferous forests mainly composed of fir (Abies nordmanniana), spruce (Picea orientalis) — 1500 (1200) — 1800 (2000), and Caucasian pine (from 800-1000).
		Grassland ecosystems occur from forest line to snow cover and glaciers and composed by tall herbaceous vegetation of grass and forbs (1,800- 2200 m), various subalpine (1800-2500 m) and alpine (2500-3000 m) meadows, alternating with thickets of Rhododendron caucasicum (2000-2800) and rock scree vegetation.
		Approximately 35% of mountain forests mainly remain in a natural state, but current attempts to develop commercial forestry in the region along with socio-economical crisis, which stimulates raising of the demands of local population on firewood is a potential threat to these habitats.
	worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa0408_full.html (1143 words)

	[No title]
		The Temperate Broadleaf Deciduous Forest (TBDF)--especially in eastern North America, where is remains most intact--is known for the turning of the colors of its leaves to brilliant reds, oranges, and golds in autumn.
		Broadleaf trees tend to be nutrient-demanding and their leaves bind the major nutrient bases.
		Thus the litter under this forest is not as acidic as under needleleaf trees and aluminum and iron are not mobilized from the A horizon.
	www.runet.edu /~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/tbdf/tbdf.html (934 words)

	Biome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For example, a Temperate grassland or shrubland biome is known as steppe in central Asia, savanna or veld in southern Africa, prairie in North America, pampa in South America and outback in Australia.
		semi-arid: Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub, Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
		Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (tropical and subtropical, humid)
	www.objectsspace.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Biome (546 words)

	temperate deciduous forest - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about temperate deciduous forest
		The overall area of temperate deciduous forest has declined rapidly since the agrarian revolution.
		In Western Europe reafforestation schemes are gradually leading to the expansion of forest area.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /temperate+deciduous+forest (134 words)

	Grassland - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Grasslands are often located between temperate forests at high latitudes and deserts at subtropical latitudes.
		Temperate grasslands are mid-latitude grasslands, including the Prairie of North America, the Pampa of Argentina, calcerous downland, and the steppes of Europe.
		They are classified with temperate savannas and shrublands as the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Grassland (477 words)

	Equal Earth - Paintings - Palearctic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The mixed forests that the owls depend on have mostly been exploited for logging, with remaining forests heavily affected by horse and cattle grazing.
		The replacement of natural forests with pine plantations may be related to a rapid decline in the hazel grouse population.
		The natural forest communities are now present only in scattered fragments near the sanctuaries around temples and shrines and in inaccessible mountain areas, river gorges, and protected areas.
	www.equalearth.org /palearctic3.htm (681 words)

	Untitled Document
		Between the period of 1990 and 1997, “5.8+/-1.4 million hectares of humid tropical forest were lost each year, with a further 2.3 +/-0.7 million hectares of forest visibly degraded” (Achard, 2002).
		In Latin America, the forests transformed to agriculture by clear-cutting dominated in the hot spots, where it was heavily logged, or burned.
		The dark areas are forest, the white is deforested areas, and the gray is re-growth.
	www.unc.edu /~yoca/whereproblem3.htm (510 words)

	Equal Earth - Paintings - Nearctic
		And in the forests that surround it, bird songs are being drowned out by the sounds of saws and hammers as summer homes are constructed or forest trees are cut to make room for apple orchards.
		The greatest threats are conversion of hardwood forest to pine forest and the construction of vacation homes and resorts.
		The Southeastern Mixed Forests ecoregion is the most heavily settled ecoregion along the east coast of the United States, with an estimated 99 percent of the natural habitat having been logged and converted to tobacco and peanut crops and other uses.
	www.equalearth.org /nearctic2.htm (967 words)

	Old Growth - Atlantic Forestry Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The temperate broadleaf and mixed Acadian forests of New England and eastern Canada can survive into the late-successional stages of stand development because of the relatively infrequent occurrence of stand-replacing disturbances such as catastrophic fire or insect epidemics and the longevity and shade tolerance of dominant canopy species.
		This shift in the age structure of the forested landscape has led to considerable concern that continued clearcutting of old stands may threaten species that are dependent upon late-successional conditions.
		The stands investigated in this study are among the oldest forests in Nova Scotia and may be considered naturally disturbed old-growth ecosystems under the broader definition of temperate old-growth woodland suggested by Foster et al.
	www.atl.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca /OG/abstracts/Moola-F-e.htm (278 words)

	WWF - Habitats
		Forests in the temperate world experience a wide range of variability in temperature and precipitation.
		Structurally, these forests are characterized by four layers: a canopy composed of mature full-sized dominant species and a slightly lower layer of mature trees, a shrub layer, and understory layer of grasses and other herbaceous plants.
		TBMF are richest and most distinctive in central China and eastern North America, with some other globally distinctive ecoregions in the Caucasus, the Himalayas, southern Europe, and the Russian Far East1).
	www.panda.org /news_facts/education/university/habitats/index.cfm?habitatID=4 (230 words)

	UNEP-WCMC Forest Programme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The World Forest Map, showing forest extent and forested protected areas, is particularly important not only for setting the global picture for the first target, but also for measuring the future success of the Forests for Life Campaign, and the sustainable development of forests.
		To determine the extent to which the world's forests are currently protected, all protected areas in IUCN Management Categories I - V greater than 1,000 hectares in extent (for which locality data are available and which cover entirely or in part the forest areas) were shown on the map.
		The World Forest Map was the first attempt made by UNEP-WCMC to bring together complex forest datasets from numerous sources, to present a comprehensive picture of the extent and protection of the world's forest.
	www.wcmc.org.uk /forest/projects/for-map.htm (599 words)

	Taiga - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Taiga (IPA pronunciation: /'taɪgə/, from the Russian тайга́) is a biome characterized by coniferous forests.
		The Magellanic subpolar forests of southern Chile are the closest equivalent.
		In Canada, boreal forest is the term used to refer to the southern part of this biome, while taiga is used to describe the more barren northern areas south of the Arctic tree-line.
	www.voyager.in /Taiga (451 words)

	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests are a temperate and humid biome (A major biotic community characterized by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate)
		Tasmanian temperate rain forests (The tasmanian temperate rain forests are an ecoregion of western tasmania....)
		Po Basin mixed forests (Italy (A republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /ref/temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests (5775 words)

	Scott State Forest, a Tennessee State Park
		The forest is used for research including tree improvement studies, where improved strains of various species are grown and tested.
		Most timber stands on the Forest are sawtimber size hardwood stands, with many of the stands at or near rotation age.
		Superior stands of eastern white pine were located on the Forest, but most have been lost to the southern pine beetle in the last two years.
	www.stateparks.com /scott.html (224 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Azores temperate mixed forests (PA0403) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The islands are home to dense evergreen forests, damp cloud forests, and short "elfin" forests that reach no taller than 3 feet (1 m).
		The vegetation along the coastline, in wetlands and lava flows, and on cliffs and mountaintops varies widely and includes evergreen forests in the lowlands and cloud forests at higher elevations.
		Many of the plants and animals of the Azores Temperate Mixed Forests are endemic, including more than a quarter of the vascular plants and almost three quarters of the trees.
	nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa0403.html (320 words)

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