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Topic: Temperate Grasslands

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Grassland

Montane grasslands and shrublands

Nearctic

Temperate coniferous forests

Flooded Grasslands and Savannas

Temperate Broadleaf Deciduous Forest

Palearctic

List of Australasia ecoregions

Neotropic

Biome

Deserts and xeric shrublands

Tundra

Biosphere Reserves in Canada

Ecology of California

Steppe

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	Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands - Definition, explanation
		Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands is a group of biomes in which the climate is temperate to semi-arid.
		Temperate grasslands occur in the dry temperate interiors of continents.
		Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/t/te/temperate_grasslands__savannas__and_shrublands.php (231 words)

	Temperate Grasslands Biome
		Temperate grasslands are a division of a larger biome grouping of grasslands that includes tropical savannas.
		Temperate grasslands are also found in less tropical ecosystems and thus have a larger temperate fluctuation during the year.
		Regional Expressions: Temperate Grasslands are found throughout the globe, generally in the interiors of the continents and north or south of the tropic of cancer/capercorn.
	www.thewildclassroom.com /biomes/biomes/grasslands.html (676 words)

	Grassland - MSN Encarta
		Semi-natural grasslands exist in temperate regions where climatic conditions are suitable for the establishment of forests but where management by burning, mowing, cultivation, or grazing keeps the land free of trees (for example, most of agricultural Europe).
		Mean annual precipitation in most temperate grasslands ranges from 250 to 750 mm (10 to 30 in) with a marked periodicity in rainfall both from season to season within the year and between years.
		Most famous are the large grazers and browsers of the savannah grasslands of Africa, which include elephants, rhinoceroses, giraffes, buffalo, zebras, and numerous species of antelope, but temperate grasslands once had their characteristic megafauna too.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567625/Grassland.html (1635 words)

	Grassland - MSN Encarta
		Grassland, ecosystem in which grasses, sedges (see Sedge), and other forage plants are the dominant vegetation.
		Natural grasslands occupy, or once occupied, large areas of continental landmasses, including the prairies and plains of North America, the pampas and paramos of South America, the veld of South Africa, and the steppes of Eurasia.
		Temperate natural grasslands develop in regions characterized by an annual rainfall between 250 and 750 mm (10 and 30 in), a high rate of evaporation, and seasonal and annual droughts.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567625/Grassland.html (378 words)

	The World's Biomes: Grasslands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Temperate grasslands are characterized as having grasses as the dominant vegetation.
		The soil of the temperate grasslands is deep and dark, with fertile upper layers.
		Precipitation in the temperate grasslands usually occurs in the late spring and early summer.
	members.aol.com /thebuddha6/biomes/grasslan.html (1554 words)

	Grasslands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Grasslands are regions of the world where there are grasses growing and no large shrubs or trees.
		There are temperate grasslands that include steppes with short grasses and prairies with tall grasses, and there are tropical grasslands called savannas that have coarse grasses.
		The llanos of the Orinoco basin of Venezuela and Columbia are grass savannas maintained by the annual flooding of the Orinoco River and long periods of standing water that inhibit the growth of most trees.
	www.k12.de.us /warner/grasslands.html (464 words)

	The grassland biome
		Temperate grasslands are characterized as having grasses as the dominant vegetation.
		The soil of the temperate grasslands is deep and dark, with fertile upper layers.
		Precipitation in the temperate grasslands usually occurs in the late spring and early summer.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /exhibits/biomes/grasslands.php (1583 words)

	Grasslands of the World - Locate and describe the temperate grasslands and their forages. - National Forage and ...
		The main temperate grasslands are the steppe in Eurasia, the prairies of North America, the downs of Australia and New Zealand and the pampa of Argentina.
		Most temperate grasslands are inland and are therefore much windier with tornadoes, bursters, northers, burans, and chinooks.
		Much of the temperate grasslands have been put into crop farming and although this has done much to feed the world, the role of forages in these areas cannot be underestimated.
	forages.oregonstate.edu /nfgc/topics.cfm?ID=69 (605 words)

	Grassland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tropical and subtropical grasslands are classified with tropical and subtropical savannas and shrublands as the tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.
		Temperate grasslands are mid-latitude grasslands, including the Prairie of North America, the Pampa of Argentina, calcerous downland, and the steppes of Europe.
		They are classified with temperate savannas and shrublands as the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.Temperate grasslands are the home to many large herbivores.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grasslands (553 words)

	Temperate Grasslands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Temperate grasslands are composed of a rich mix of grasses and forbs and underlain by some of the world's most fertile soils.
		The Palouse Prairie of eastern Washington state, the California grasslands, and the desert grasslands of the Southwest are also temperate grasslands.
		The temperate grassland fauna is very low in diversity, especially in comparison with the tropical grasslands or savannas of Africa.
	www.runet.edu /~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/tempgrass/tempgras.html (489 words)

	Grasslands Biome
		A grassland is a region where the average annual precipitation is great enough to support grasses, and in some areas a few trees.
		Grasslands in the southern hemisphere tend to get more precipitation than those in the northern hemisphere, and the grass tends to be the tall-grass variety.
		But in the temperate grasslands the length of the growing season is determined by temperature.
	www.blueplanetbiomes.org /grasslands.htm (557 words)

	GENETIC EROSION ISSUES IN TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Native populations in these permanent grasslands are the closest we have to "landraces" and merit equally high priority for conservation although relatively little attention has been paid to them in the past.
		In this section the examples of the various pathways of genetic erosion in temperate grassland are combined and summarised in terms of the components of genetic erosion � type of forage, level of diversity and component of diversity.
		The most severe past problems are probably the simplification of the agricultural grassland system and the failure of many past collecting expeditions to sample populations in a manner appropriate to their biology and ecotypic variation.
	apps3.fao.org /wiews/Prague/Paper7.jsp (5521 words)

	Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		'Temperate grasslands', savannas, and shrublands is a group of biomes in which the climate is temperate to semi-arid.
		Steppes are short grasslands that occur in semi-arid climates.
		Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands · Flooded grasslands and savannas · Montane grasslands and shrublands · Tundra ·Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub ;· Deserts and xeric shrublands · Mangrove
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands (227 words)

	Grasslands Biome
		Grasslands are big open areas that get between 25 and 75 cm of rain per year.
		Grasslands have different names in different countries, such as pampas (South America), prairies (North America), savannahs (Africa), or steppes (Asia).
		Grasslands around the world are becoming extinct as people make farms and towns.
	www.kidcyber.com.au /topics/biomegrass.htm (245 words)

	Temperate Grassland Biome
		Temperate grasslands have some of the darkest, richest soils in the world (not in wealth, but in nutrients).
		In Eurasia temperate grasslands are known as steppes, they are found between the Ukraine and Russia.
		Shrubs and trees that live in temperate grasslands are not as good as grasses at coping with the flames, and often are destroyed by fire.
	www.nceas.ucsb.edu /nceas-web/kids/biomes/grassland.htm (549 words)

	5. Grasslands: International Development Research Centre
		Grasslands were restricted to temperate areas, particularly in the southern cone — the pampas and to the northern llanos.
		The remaining grasslands are often secondary (regrowth after cessation of agriculture); they are associated with intensive cattle-farming activities (such as dairy farming); or their soils are inappropriate for farming (too stony, rocky, or sandy, or grassy wetland).
		Large tracts of former grasslands have been dedicated to monospecific plantations of these trees, which are grown for lumber, fuel, or paper pulp, often for export, but also for consumption in the pampas countries.
	www.idrc.ca /conflict/ev-64510-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html (2774 words)

	SCOPE 56 - Global Change: Effects on Coniferous Forests and Grasslands, Chapter 5, Carbon Budgets of Temperate ...
		Temperate grasslands are located in one of the regions where the impact of global climate change is predicted to be large (Mitchell et al.
		The response of temperate grasslands to an increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO is predicted to have a strong interaction with the availability of nutrients and water (Mooney et al.
		On the map of relative response to CO, temperate grasslands are located in the central region, which suggests that we may expect a moderate response to CO enhancement.
	www.icsu-scope.org /downloadpubs/scope56/Chapter05.html (5501 words)

	Grasslands Conservation Council -
		The term 'natural' grassland is considered by some biogeographers to be a contradiction of terms, claiming that almost every grassland owes its origin to human management and therefore, cannot be described as ‘natural’.
		The world distribution of old grasslands is shown in the Figure 4.You will note that there are two distinct distributions: the temperate grasslands shown in green and the and the savanna (or tropical) grasslands shown in orange.
		Elsewhere, disturbance of the fragile temperate grassland ecosystem has often resulted in considerable changes in the species composition of the vegetation of these areas especially when humans have 'assisted' by introducing new species under the mistaken belief that they can 'improve' the ecosystem.
	www.bcgrasslands.org /library/world.htm (3011 words)

	SCOPE 56 - Global Change: Effects on Coniferous Forests and Grasslands, Chapter 15, Global Climate Change and Carbon ...
		To estimate fluxes and pools of grasslands and conifer forests for 'contemporary' conditions we applied TEM at 355 ppmv CO using the long-term climate data with the 1 m calibration.
		The vegetation and soil carbon estimates for grassland are 3.4 Pg C (Table 15.3) and 75.7 Pg C (Table 15.4).
		The Schlesinger (1977) estimate of 11 800 g Cm for temperate forest soil carbon is similar to the TEM estimate for temperate mixed forest (10612 g Cm Table 15.4).
	www.icsu-scope.org /downloadpubs/scope56/Chapter15.html (6327 words)

	WWF - Grasslands
		Grasslands develop wherever rainfall is not high enough to produce a forest nor light enough to form a desert.
		Temperate grasslands are found where the summers are hot, the winters cold, and rainfall is low throughout the year.
		Grasslands are called different names in different parts of the world: - ‘steppes’ in Asia; ‘prairies’ in North America; ‘pampas’, ‘llanos’ and ‘cerrados’ in South America; ‘savannas’ and ‘velds’ in Africa; and ‘rangelands’ in Australia.
	www.panda.org /news_facts/education/middle_school/habitats/grasslands (458 words)

	IUCN - World Commission on Protected Areas
		The temperate grasslands of the world, known variously as the prairie in North America, the pampas in South America, the steppes in eastern Europe and northern Eurasia and the grassveld in South Africa, are among the most diverse and productive of all the earth's terrestrial biomes.
		Temperate subtropical forest, over which so much justifiable concern has been expressed, receive 14-fold greater protection worldwide than to temperate grasslands.
		The aim of WCPA Network on Temperate Grasslands, created in 1996, is to provide WCPA members interested on this issue with a space for discussing these questions and to exchange ideas and knowledge on how to provide practical answers to them.
	www.iucn.org /themes/wcpa/theme/grasslands/grasslands.html (376 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands is a biome in which the climate is temperate and semi-arid to semi-humid.
		Heaths and Pasture are, respectively, low shrublands and grasslands where forest growth is hindered by human activity, not climate.
		Tall grasslands, including the Prairie of North America and the Humid Pampas of Argentina, have moderate rainfall and rich soils which make them ideally suited to extensive agriculture, and tall grassland ecoregions include some of the most productive grain-growing regions in the world.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands (138 words)

	Nature Works - Grasslands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Grasslands cover one fourth of the Earth's land and can be found on every continent, except for Antarctica.
		Tropical grasslands are close to the equator and are hot all year long.
		Temperate grasslands are hot in the summer and cold in the winter.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/nwep8d.htm (371 words)

	Eco-Pros Grasslands and Prairies
		Major grasslands of the world are found in the African savannas, the Australian grasslands, the cerrado and campo of South America, the prairies of North America, and the Central Asian steppes.
		The soil in the grasslands had become dry and loose from plowing and the damage caused by livestock grazing.
		ou can see that because of the improper intervention of humans in converting the natural grassland ecosystems into grain crops, allowing the remaining grasslands to be overgrazed, and not using proper farming methods, the land was unable to withstand such a long drought period and unusually severe wind storms.
	www.eco-pros.com /grasslands.htm (1204 words)

	Untitled
		During the summer seasons the temperatures tend to be hot and during the winter seasons the temperatures tend to be cold.
		As a result of these animals being wiped off the face of the earth other animals in the temperate grasslands have had to take their places in the food chain or fill there niches in the food web.
		Many animals in the temperate grasslands have changed in many different ways to fill the niches of animals that have become extinct.
	www.benkruman.50megs.com (831 words)

	IUCN - World Commission on Protected Areas Publications on Grasslands
		Volume of case studies aimed at advancing the discussion on the importance and lack of protected temperate grassland biomes.
		A series of case studies representing each realm on the planet in which temperate grasslands are found.
		The report addresses: the condition of temperate grasslands globally; the relative significance of those found in Mongolia; the existing protected areas in Mongolia; constraints and opportunities associated with grassland conservation; and priorities for the future conservation and protection of Mongolian grasslands.
	www.iucn.org /themes/wcpa/pubs/subject/grasslands.html (135 words)

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