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Topic: Templars in England

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	Knights Templar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Templars were well connected and quickly became prime movers in the international politics of the Crusades period.
		The headquarters of the Templars in Tomar, Portugal was in the Convento de Cristo.
		Templars are also listed among the crew of Henry Sinclair's (Earl of the Orkneys) legendary voyage from Scotland to North America in 1398.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Knights_Templar (3483 words)

	Templars in England -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		King (additional info and facts about Henry III of England) Henry III of England also had substantial dealing with them, the king's (A tall piece of furniture that provides storage space for clothes; has a door and rails or hooks for hanging clothes) Wardrobe being located there in 1225.
		Most of the Templars acknowledged that their belief that the master could give (The act of absolving or remitting; formal redemption as pronounced by a priest in the sacrament of penance) absolution as heretical and were reconciled with the church.
		The papal Bull of Clement V granting the lands of the Templars to the (additional info and facts about Knights Hospitaller) Knights Hospitaller was ignored until 1324.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/te/templars_in_england.htm (660 words)

	ipedia.com: Knights Templar Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Under torture, some Templars "admitted" to homosexual acts, the worship of "heads" and reverence for a mystery known as "Baphomet." Their leaders later denied the admission and for that were executed.
		Conspiracy theories related to the suppression of the Knights Templar often go far beyond the simple and obvious motive of simply seizing property and consolidating geo-political power, which was and remains an extremely common motivation for all forms of religious persecution.
		The Scottish Rite, which was formed in France in the 18th Century, includes references to the Templars in many of its ritual degrees -- primarily the section known as "Council of Kadosh" (degrees 19-30) and the final two degrees (31 and 32) known as the "Consistory".
	www.ipedia.com /knights_templar.html (1755 words)

	[No title]
		Templars were not extravagant (indeed their Rule forbade costly ornament), but their list of equipment was "splendid and complete, their living quarters [kept] clean".
		The Templar's development of the wool trade mirrored that of their Cistercian cousins, as they were able to capitalize on the profits generated when English wool was made into Flemish cloth.
		Templars in the West were often older, established in their region, and skilled at particular functions.
	www.eiu.edu /~historia/1997/knights97.htm (4911 words)

	Conclusion: Templars in the Corona de Aragón (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Some of these Templars feared that they might give way under torture and asserted beforehand that any confession of guilt they might make would not be true but only induced by the torture; but all in fact even under torture continued to maintain their innocence of all the main charges levelled against them.
		He also stated that all Templars except the impenitent and relapsed were to live in the Order's convents or in other religious houses, provided that there were no more than a few in any one house; and he ordered provincial councils to make provision for their maintenance out of the Temple's possessions.
		Although the payment of pensions meant that the Templars now possessed private property, the Church intended that in other respects they should continue to follow a monastic way of life: as John XXII later observed, the abolition of the Order did not mean that the Templars had been absolved from their vows.
	libro.uca.edu /forey/conclu.htm (3444 words)

	Chapter 4: The Templars in the Corona de Aragón (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Templars were of course from 1143 onwards expected to participate in Aragonese campaigns against the Moors and to bring their vassals with them; but no precise military obligation was ever imposed upon the Temple, except in Mallorca, where the Order was obliged to provide the service of four knights.
		The Templars showed reluctance partly because they feared that their privileges might be endangered by this form of taxation: thus in 1286 they sought to obtain from Alfonso III a promise that payment of the subsidy then being demanded should not prejudice their immunities or be used as a precedent.
		Templar complaints that cenas were collected before a year had elapsed since the last exaction can probably be explained by ignorance of the proper date of collection on the part of the collectors.
	libro.uca.edu /forey/templar4.htm (15429 words)

	Founding of the Knights Templar
		There was no standard form of Templar church: a very few, curricular or polygonal, recalled the shape either of the Dome of the Rock at Jerusalem (the 'Temple of God' of the Templar seal) or of the octagon of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher at Jerusalem.
		Many Templar churches and chapels were build round with this in mind, and in their center, as at the Templar Vera Cruz Church of Segovia in Spain, there was often an actual model of the tomb of Christ, in the form of a two-storied structure with steps leading up.
		The shield of the Templars was exactly that of Sir Galahad, the Christianized Grail Hero - a pure white background emblazoned with a large red cross.
	www.mystae.com /restricted/streams/masons/templars.html (5558 words)

	The Trial of the Templars in the British Isles
		A clear understanding of the trial of the Templars in the British Isles is essential in analysing the social, economic and political situation of the Hospitallers in the British Isles in the fourteenth century, as the Hospitallers inherited the Templars’ assets and liabilities.
		The trial of the Templars is now regarded by most scholars as a political trial, and its proceedings and the propaganda which accompanied it as being of considerable significance in the development of such trials.
		Because of the difficulty in obtaining confessions from the Templars the investigators of heresy took extensive third-party evidence, which was apparently based on folklore.
	www.cf.ac.uk /hisar/people/hn/trial.htm (1356 words)

	TemplarNY's Home Page 1
		Knights Templar are thought to have played a significant role in the establishment of the modern Scottish nation with Robert the Bruce at Bannockburn and in the fourteenth century North Atlantic explorations of Prince Henry Sinclair of Roslyn.
		Jerusalem was lost in 1187, and the Templars took up positions at St. John of Acre, thence retiring, consequent to overwhelming Saracen pressure, to Cyprus after which the official Seat of the Order was placed at the Temple in Paris, sovereign territory of the Order, over which the King of France had no jurisdiction.
		Knights Templar were major participants in that clash of cultures; they were the "few good men" who made a military contribution, and earned a lasting reputation, out of all proportion to their numbers.
	members.aol.com /TemplarNY/TemplarNY.html (9195 words)

	Knights Templar
		Within fifty years of their foundation, the Knights Templar had become a commercial force equal in power to many states; within a hundred years they had developed into the medieval pre-cursors of multi-national conglomerates with interests in every form of commercial activity of that time and were far richer than any kingdom in Europe.
		Prior to the Templars, Europe was a hegemony of squabbling feudal fiefdoms, counties and kingdoms.
		Templar wealth was such that their financial services were not only sought by the merchants and landowners of feudal Europe, but by the princes of the Church and State.
	tylwythteg.com /templar.html (8223 words)

	Militia of Christ: The History of the Knights Templar
		Alongside their political interests the Templars were active in other lucrative spheres; the modern system of banking which we take for granted was created by the Templars, who held vast sums of money for every throne in Europe and even certain Muslim potentates, and involved themselves with merchant traders.
		Edward II of England, ironically Philippe's son-in-law, initially rallied to the defense of the Templars, though he was finally forced, by pressure from the French king and the Pope, to take action against the Order.
		In 1522 the Templars' Prussian offshoot, the Teutonic Knights, repudiated their allegiance to Rome, throwing their mighty weight behind the rebel 'heretic' Martin Luther; two hundred years after their dissolution the Templars, albeit vicariously, were exacting vengeance on the Church which had betrayed them.
	www.houseofhorrors.com /templar.htm (1961 words)

	Templars in England
		The history of the Templars in England starts when Hughes de Payens, Grandmaster of the order visited the country in 1128 to raise men and money for the crusade.
		King Henry III of England also had substantial dealing with them, the king's Wardrobe being located their in 1225.
		Most of the Templars acknowledged that their belief that the mastter could give absolution as heretical and were reconciled with the church.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/templars_in_england (613 words)

	Early Masonic History
		The Knights Templar were originally a monastic order of the Catholic Church as the guardians of the Temple of Solomon site and the routes used by the pilgrims going to and from the Holy Land.
		The Pope did the worse thing he could, he excommunicated all Templar anywhere and demanded that they be arrested by the rulers of the country where they were living and they along with all Templar property was to be turned over to the Catholic Church.
		The Pope was furious and demanded that the king arrest the Templar in England under the threat of excommunicating the king himself.
	home.swbell.net /pineilse/mhist.htm (873 words)

	Crusader States, Kings of Jerusalem & Cyprus, Templars, Hospitallers, Israel, etc.
		The fates of the Templars and the Hospitallers, however, would be very different, and the Templars are now mainly remembered for the manner of their end rather than for what they had been doing in the Crusades.
		Templars found something important on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, and that the Masons have simply carried on the task of the Templars in preserving what was found.
		The Temple was indeed the quarters of the Templars in London.
	www.friesian.com /outremer.htm (13900 words)

	Evelyn Lord, The Knights Templar in Britain
		The historical facts of the Knights Templar have yet to escape the shadow of Brian de Bois-Guilbert or the fantastical origins ascribed to the Freemasons.
		She stresses that, romantic images aside, the archaeological evidence has produced no Templar castles in the British Isles; even though many of the preceptories had some defenses, these were rather secondary to the primary agricultural functions of the Templar properties (25).
		There are further gems scattered throughout: analysis of the diet of both Templars and tenants on the estates, the mobility of tenants between Templar manors, role in urban development, and of course, their reliability in handling, transferring, and safeguarding the monies of many patrons.
	www.deremilitari.org /REVIEWS/review24.htm (877 words)

	THE VATICAN CONNECTION TO ENGLAND,
		"In England, Edward III, in memory of the legendary Knights of the Round Table, established in 1349 brotherhood of twenty-five knights, exclusive of princes of the blood and foreign princes, with St. George as its patron and with its chapel in Windsor Castle for the holding of chapters.
		This character was accentuated by the fusion of the Hospitallers with the remaining Knights Templars subsequent to the suppression of the latter (1312).
		The property the Knights Templars held in England was by grant by the king, it was called the Temple, it had three courts, the inner, middle and outer, later in history the outer temple faded away, the temple has four inns, Inner Temple, Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn and Gray's Inn.
	www.atgpress.com /kifap/know0014.htm (14171 words)

	HISTORY OF THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR
		Includes chapters on the Origin of the Templars, their popularity in Europe and their rivalry with the Knights of St. John, later to be known as the Knights of Malta.
		Also includes-information on the continuation of the Knights Templars in England and Scotland and the formation of the society of Knights Templars in London and the rebuilding of the Temple in 1816, plus more.
		Includes a lengthy introduction on the Templars, the lost Templar Fleet and their connections to the Holy Grail, the Spear of Destiny and the ancient North American searoutes by David Hatcher Childress, the author of Lost Cities of Atlantis, Ancient Europe & the Mediterranean and the other Lost Cities books.
	www.poto.com /item137705.ctlg (355 words)

	Britannia Biographies: William Greenfield, Archbishop of York
		The attack on the Templars in England began in 1308 when they, and their property, were taken possession of by the Royal Officers.
		This ordered that the twenty-four Templars, who had been confined in the Castle of York since the Autumn of 1309, should be sent to different religious houses within the province of York to do penance for their errors.
		A gold ring with a ruby was taken from the finger of the Archbishop, in 1735, when his tomb was opened and it has been preserved by the Cathedral authorities.
	www.britannia.com /bios/abofy/wgreenfield.html (632 words)

	Mac.ency-T
		In 1705, Philip of Orleans, who was subsequently the Regent of France during the minority of Louis XV, collected together the remnants of this Society, which still secretly existed, but had changed its object from a licentious to one of a political character.
		Thory says that the members of this association claimed to be the successors of the Templars, and to be in possession of their Charters.
		It claimed to be the only true depository of the powers and privileges of the ancient Order of Knights Templar, denouncing all other Templars as spurious, and its Grand Master has proclaimed himself the legal successor of James de Molay; with how much truth the narrative already given will enable every reader to decide.
	www.dancing.org /tsmr/.books/mackey/TMAP~1/Tmac-04.htm (3560 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Documents: Magna Charta
		John, by the Grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and Earl of Anjou, to his Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Earls, Barons, Justiciaries, Foresters, Sheriffs, Governors, Officers, and to all Bailiffs, and his faithful subjects, -- Greeting.
		(33) All kydells (wears) for the future shall be quite removed our of the Thames, and the Medway, and through all England, excepting upon the sea-coast.
		(46) All Barons who have founded Abbies, which they hold by charters from the Kings of England, or by ancient tenure, shall have the custody of them when they become vacant, as they ought to have.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/D/1400/magna.htm (1580 words)

	Combs &c. Families of Sussex, England
		Lewis' 1830 Topographical Dictionary states: "William, Duke of Normandy, in his invasion of England, made his descent upon this coast, landing his army in Pevensey bay, where he arrived with a fleet of nine hundred sail, on September 29th, 1066.
		The Templars, Hospitallers and other military orders in the eyes of their contemporaries, 1128-1291" by Helen Nicholson).
		Extracted by Combs Researcher Joe Kendalll from "Records of the Templars in England in the Twelth Century, The Inquest of 1185 with illustrative charters and documents." Edited by Beatrice A Lees, M.A., London, published for the British Academy by Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1935.
	www.combs-families.org /combs/records/england/ssx (3098 words)

	KCT Library: Knighthood
		ohn, by the Grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and Earl of Anjou, to his Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Earls, Barons, Justiciaries, Foresters, Sheriffs, Governors, Officers, and to all Bailiffs, and his faithful subjects,
		) All Barons who have founded Abbies, which they hold by charters from the Kings of England, or by ancient tenure, shall have the custody of them when they become vacant, as they ought to have.
		Given by our hand in the Meadow which is called Runningmead, between Windsor and Staines, this 15th day of June, in the 17th year of our reign [i.e., 1215: the new year began on May 28th].
	www.chronique.com /Library/MedHistory/magna.htm (1798 words)

	Knights Templars, in medieval history
		Knights Templars, in medieval history, members of the military and religious order of the Poor Knights of Christ, called the Knights of the Temple of Solomon from their house in Jerusalem.
		The Knights Templars: God's Warriors, the Devil's Bankers.(Book Review) (The Historian)
		Knights Templar to use latest imaging in search for Grail.(News) (The Independent (London, England))
	www.infoplease.com /id/A0827938 (135 words)

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