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	TLA - The Temporal Logic of Actions
		TLA (the Temporal Logic of Actions) is a logic for specifying and reasoning about concurrent and reactive systems.
		"A formulation of TLA in Isabelle"-- Sara Kalvala
		Isabelle/TLA, Merz's encoding of TLA in the higher-order logic of the generic interactive theorem prover Isabelle.
	research.microsoft.com /users/lamport/tla/tla.html (594 words)

	Temporal logic -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In (The branch of philosophy that analyzes inference) logic, the term temporal logic is used to describe any system of rules and symbolism for representing, and reasoning about, propositions qualified in terms of time.
		Temporal logic was first studied in depth by (One of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; pupil of Plato; teacher of Alexander the Great (384-322 BC)) Aristotle, and his writings are filled with a crude form of first order temporal modal binary logic.
		Any logic which views time as a sequence of (The way something is with respect to its main attributes) states, is a temporal logic, and any logic which uses only two truth values, is a (Click link for more info and facts about binary logic) binary logic.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/te/temporal_logic.htm (368 words)

	Temporal logic
		In logic, the term temporal logic is used to describe any system of rules and symbolism for representing, and reasoning about, propositions qualified in terms of time.
		It is sometimes also used to refer to tense logic, a particular modal logic-based system of temporal logic introduced by Arthur Prior in the 1960s.
		Computational tree logic (CTL), Linear temporal logic (LTL) and Interval temporal logic (ITL) are examples of temporal logics.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Temporal_logic (300 words)

	Reasoning in the Temporal Logic of Actions - The Design and Implementation of . . . (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA) is one of the formal frameworks that has been the result of such research.
		In TLA a system and its properties may be specified as logical formulas, allowing the application of reasoning without any intermediate translation.
		4 Mechanising the temporal logic of actions in HOL (context) - von Wright - 1991 DBLP
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /engberg96reasoning.html (625 words)

	Directory - Science: Math: Logic and Foundations: Nonstandard Logics and Extensions: Temporal Logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Temporal logic is a form of modal logic in which the modal operators are used to denote the truth of a statement in the future or past.
		Temporal Logic Case Study · A case study applying temporal logic to specify the operation of a bank of identical elevators servicing a number of floors in a building.
		Temporal Logic · The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on the subject, with a detailed description, application areas and a bibliography.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=256331 (362 words)

	TLA - The Temporal Logic of Actions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		TLA (the Temporal Logic of Actions) is a logic for specifying and reasoning about concurrent and reactive systems.
		"A formulation of TLA in Isabelle"-- Sara Kalvala
		Isabelle/TLA, Merz's encoding of TLA in the higher-order logic of the generic interactive theorem prover Isabelle.
	www.research.digital.com /SRC/personal/Leslie_Lamport/tla/tla.html (594 words)

	Temporal Logic
		Temporal reasoning has been a major research field in artificial intelligence (AI) since the beginning of this discipline, and it has been investigated in the context of various AI areas where the tasks mentioned above are crucial.
		SC can be seen as a point-based temporal logic with a branching time model, where time is implicitly represented by the situations.in some alternative formalisms time it explicitly represented, and change is implicitly represented by asserting that a property holds at (during) a particular point (interval)of time, while it does not hold at another.
		Actions and events may interact in complex ways when they overlap or occur simultaneously.In some cases, they interfere with certain effects that would aride if the events were done in isolation.
	guthulamurali.freeservers.com /temp.html (5125 words)

	Digital Systems Research Center: Report 79 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The temporal logic of actions (TLA) is a logic for specifying and reasoning about concurrent systems.
		Systems and their properties are represented in the same logic, so the assertion that a system meets its specification and the assertion that one system implements another are both expressed by logical implication.
		TLA is very simple; its syntax and complete formal semantics are summarized in a little over a page.
	gatekeeper.dec.com /pub/DEC/SRC/research-reports/abstracts/src-rr-079.html (141 words)

	Reification in Temporal Logics
		A fully reified temporal logic with a clear syntax and precise semantic (Ma and Knight 1996), which recasts various temporal ontologies in a general framework, is briefly described in Section 2.5.
		Generally speaking, reifying a logic involves deriving the many-sorted meta-language (Vila 1994) from an initial language such as the classical first-order logic or modal logic, where a formula in the initial language is reified as just a (propositional) term in the new language.
		In particular, we have demonstrated that reified logics are more expressive with respect to: (1) classifying different types of temporal occurrence; (2) representing incompatibility and negation; (3) reasoning about event, change and causality; and (4) representing temporal relationships between events and their effects.
	cms1.gre.ac.uk /rae/CSabstracts/aireview.htm (9398 words)

	Temporal Logic - The Science Beat ... Scientific Research, Space, NASA - SearchBeat.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Interval Temporal Logic - A flexible notation for both propositional and first-order reasoning about periods of time found in descriptions of hardware and software systems.
		Temporal Logic Case Study - A case study applying temporal logic to specify the operation of a bank of identical elevators servicing a number of floors in a building.
		Temporal Logic - The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on the subject, with a detailed description, application areas and a bibliography.
	www.searchbeat.com /Science/Math/LogicandFoundations/NonstandardLogicsandExtensions/TemporalLogic (334 words)

	Actions and Events in Interval Temporal Logic - Storming Media
		The formal basis of the representation is presented in detail, from the axiomatization of time periods to the relationship between actions and events and their effects.
		We also discuss features of the logic that are beyond the scope of many traditional representations, and describe our approach to difficult problems such as external events and simultaneous actions.We present a representation of events and action based on interval temporal logic that is significantly more expressive and more natural than most previous Al approaches.
		We also discuss features of the logic that are beyond the scope of many traditional representations, and describe our approach to difficult problems such as external events and simultaneous actions.
	www.stormingmedia.us /09/0989/A098982.html (342 words)

	Lamport and toy languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		His solution is to express both specification and algorithm mathematically, in his case in a (temporal) logic.
		His temporal logic, or at least the semantic model, is based entirely on state.
		And actions which are state transitions, using a Z-like new' = f(old): decoration is used as in a \Delta schema.
	www.occam-pi.org /list-archives/occam-com/msg00116.html (475 words)

	Mechanized Reasoning Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		E is a theorem prover for clausal logic with equality.
		MONA is an implementation of decision procedures for weak second-order logics of successors.
		Nqthm is a prover for quantifier free logic for recursive functions over the integers and other finitely generated structures, combining rewriting, heuristics for induction, and other techniques.
	www-formal.stanford.edu /clt/ARS/systems.html (1545 words)

	artale98a Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Actions are represented by describing what is true while the action itself is occurring, and plans are constructed by temporally relating actions and world states.
		The temporal languages are members of the family of Description Logics, which are characterized by high expressivity combined with good computational properties.
		The basic language TL-F is considered first: it is the composition of a temporal logic TL -- able to express interval temporal networks -- together with the non-temporal logic F -- a Feature Description Logic.
	www.cs.washington.edu /research/jair/abstracts/artale98a.html (205 words)

	IFIP WG 2.2 meeting: Graz'97 --- abstracts (ifipwg22)
		Temporal logics can be used as query languages to describe properties of this structure.
		We indicate how the necessary invention for proper combination of various logical features may be introduced either on an ad hoc basis (when putting parchments together using limits in their category and then further modifying the result) or via representations in a universal logic (when parchment combination is driven by their representations).
		The theory is based on three types of action ordering, all three expressible in T.L. The aim of it is to have transformational design in combination with assertional and temporal logic reasoning.
	www.irisa.fr /s4/wg22/graz97/abstracts.html (3722 words)

	Temporal Logic
		Tense Logic was introduced by Arthur Prior (1957, 1967, 1969) as a result of an interest in the relationship between tense and modality attributed to the Megarian philosopher Diodorus Cronus (ca.
		This kind of manoeuvre lies at the heart of hybrid temporal logics in which the standard apparatus of propositions and tense operators is supplemented by propositions which are true at unique instants, thereby effectively naming those instants without invoking philosophically dubious reification.
		Prior's motivation for inventing Tense Logic was largely philosophical, his idea being that the precision and clarity afforded by a formal logical notation was indispensible for the careful formulation and resolution of philosophical issues concerning time.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/logic-temporal (3508 words)

	CS 30/91 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Logical computation; scheduling; fairness; closed systems; interleaving model; temporal logic of actions.
		The notion of joint action provides a natural execution model for a specification language, when temporal logic of actions is used for formal reasoning.
		We extend this basis with scheduling, the role of which is to enforce liveness properties and to introduce real-time properties.
	www.cs.ioc.ee /~bibi/resrep/cs/cs30.html (155 words)

	Reasoning in the Temporal Logic of Actions - The design and implementation of an interactive computer system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA) is one of the formal frameworks that has been the result of such research.
		In TLA a system and its properties may be specified as logical formulas, allowing the application of reasoning without any intermediate translation.
		Being a linear-time temporal logic, it easily expresses liveness as well as safety properties.
	www.brics.dk /DS/96/1/index.html (262 words)

	Rules for Using Temporal Logic Operators :: Actions (Stateflow)
		The recurring event on which a temporal operator operates is called the base event.
		Temporal logic operators can appear only in conditions on transitions originating from states and in state actions.
		Note This means you cannot use temporal logic operators as conditions on default transitions or flow graph transitions.
	www.mathworks.com /access/helpdesk_r13/help/toolbox/stateflow/action43.html (205 words)

	Computer Science: Publication: Mexitl: Multimedia in Executable Interval Temporal Logic
		The formalism is based on an interval temporal logic.
		We describe the requirements on temporal logic specification that arise from the multimedia documents application area.
		This extends existing interval temporal logic with a number of new features: actions, framing of actions, past operators, a projection like operator called filter and a new handling of interval length.
	www.cs.kent.ac.uk /pubs/2003/1570/index.html (174 words)

	Course 751: Methods for Software Requirements Engineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		It will illustrate that the behaviour of these systems can be completely specified by safety and liveness properties (complemented by real-time properties when these are crucial aspects of the behaviour), and how different specification methods support this goal.
		Temporal Logic will be used as one suitably precise notation, other notations presented include the `practical' (= industrially applied) specification languages PROMELA and SDL.
		State formulas; temporal operators (future and past); formal semantics; schemes and validity; next and previous state references.
	ece.uwaterloo.ca /~www_info/courses/grad/ece_751.html (453 words)

	Logic and Formal Methods
		Modal logic: temporal logic and logics of knowledge, axiomitization, semantics via Kripke structures.
		On Oct. 23, 28, and 30, I gave a three-lecture introduction to modal logics, emphasizing temporal logic and logics of knowledge.
		A Logic of Authentication by Burrows, Abadi, and Needham.
	www.cs.umass.edu /~immerman/cs691/cs691.html (856 words)

	Verifying arbitrary temporal formulas in TLA
		Normally, to verify a temporal formula about a system, you would turn that formula into a finite-state-machine using the 'tableau' method of Clarke and Emmerson.
		But in the Temporal Logic of Actions, the temporal logic language has been expanded to include 'actions' - i.e.
		This new technique also unifies two aspects of temporal-verification that had previously been treated separately: the handling of fairness, and the verification of state-based temporal formulas.
	www.wischik.com /lu/research/verify-tla-report.html (259 words)

	Reasoning in the Temporal Logic of Actions - The Design and Implementation of . . . (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		12 A formulation of TLA in Isabelle - Kalvala
		4 Mechanising the temporal logic of actions in HOL (context) - von Wright - 1991
		1 A sequent formulation of a logic of predicates in HOL - Chou - 1993
	citeseer.lcs.mit.edu /engberg96reasoning.html (578 words)

	Temporal logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Temporal logic is ordinary logic extended with temporal operators [] (read henceforth) and
		Temporal logic, as it has been defined here, cannot formally specify things like average response time and probability of failure.
		As an example of temporal specifications and safety and liveness specifications in particular, we provide a specification of the The Dining Philosophers Problem.
	cs.wwc.edu /~aabyan/TL (583 words)

	Temporal : RPResearch
		Introduction to temporal anomalies in time travel films, with illustrations of types of paradox.
		Detailed knowledge of the microscopic anatomy of the human temporal bone is very useful for understanding surgical relationships and for interpreting radiological images of the temporal bone in patients with otologic problems.
		The Temporal Doorway: original digital art, photographs, and writing (science-fiction, poetry, non-fiction, libertarian politics, rock climbing, programming, and the scientific study of Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs))...
	www.rpresearch.ca /?Top=Temporal (320 words)

	Reasoning about actions in dynamic linear time temporal logic -- Giordano et al. 9 (2): 273 -- Logic Journal of IGPL
		Reasoning about actions in dynamic linear time temporal logic -- Giordano et al.
		logic can be used for indexing temporal modalities.
		actions, which are captured by possibly alternative extensions
	jigpal.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/9/2/273 (204 words)

	Distributed Versions of Linear Time Temporal Logic: A Trace Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In these logics, every specification is guaranteed to have the ``all-or-none'' property and hence can take advantage of the partial-order based reduction methods during the verification process.
		The study of these logics also exposes the richness of the partial-order settings from a logical standpoint and the complications that can arise as a consequence.
		The presentation is, in principle, self-contained though previous exposure to temporal logics and automata over infinite objects will be very helpful.
	www.brics.dk /RS/98/8 (410 words)

	First International Conference on Multiagent Systems
		The result of those actions are then visible and directly perceivable by all the agents of the community who seek individually to satisfy their internal needs according to this social feedback.
		We show how this kind of actions can be incorporated in a dynamic/ epistemic multi-agent system in which the knowledge, abilities and opportunities of agents are formalized as well as the results of actions they perform.
		A global order is organized by simple and locally coordinated actions of autonomous agents using only very local information, and not by their complex and globally coordinated actions which would use global message passing and high level strategies.
	icmas.cs.umass.edu /icmas/presentations.html (14218 words)

	Actions - phong - [ Photoshop Time Saving Actions ]
		Action caching is similar to page caching by the fact that the entire output of the response is cached, but unlike page caching, every request still goes
		The focus is on the combat action at the level of platoons, companies and batteries.
		Actions are great time savers If you like, create a new "Set" folder in advance to store related actions.
	xn--bjq064e.com /brrv/actions.html (1090 words)

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