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	Temporary Protection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Temporary protection measures are examined in the context of how they conform with states’ legal obligations under the 1951 United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Optional Protocol (henceforth the 1951 Convention).
		The temporary safe haven visa is an example of temporary protection measures introduced in response to a perceived mass influx of asylum seekers.
		Temporary protection can be seen as part of an overall strategy in the developed states to contain refugees either in their country of origin or within their home region.
	www.csu.edu.au /student/forcedmigration/refugee/Vol1/Vol1_a5.htm (6296 words)

	UNIYA
		This paper outlines the content the Federal Government's temporary protection visa (or TPV) policy, compares the benefits to which TPV holders are entitled with the benefits to which holders of permanent visas are entitled and discusses the costs of the TPV policy.
		TPV holders are not provided with the minimum basic human rights required for settlement in Australia and, as a result, marginalised by the Australian government.
		Refugees who hold this class of visa are entitled to apply for an 866 protection visa without the leave of the Minister but cannot do so until four and half years after they have been granted their 451 visa.
	www.uniya.org /policies/tpv_policy.html (3054 words)

	Refugee Council of Australia \| Current Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		On the 20 October 1999, The Federal Government introduced the Temporary Protection Visa (Subclass 785) as one of a range of measures aiming to deter asylum seekers arriving without authorization.
		An analysis of the psychological impact of the TPV on survivors of torture and trauma.
		Punished Not Protected – produced by Rymer Bayly Watson for Show Mercy - is an educational documentary series in four parts featuring the views of leading Australians and concerned citizens on the effects of government policy on asylum seekers and temporary protection visa holders.
	www.refugeecouncil.org.au /html/current_issues/tpv.html (1436 words)

	Nicholas Procter: Support for Temporary Protection Visa Holders
		If national trends continue, a substantial proportion of TPV holders will have their applications for a Permanent Protection Visa (PPV) rejected in the next few years; they will be told to make arrangements to return to their place of origin within 28 days or lodge an appeal with the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT).
		TPV holders report that they are particularly anxious concerning how others, for example in group settings, would react to their disclosures.
		This is particularly suited to TPV holders who, due to their length of time since being released from immigration detention, cope poorly with re-interviewing by DIMIA and struggle to attain new ways of coping; such issues can be difficult for both counsellors and migration agent/lawyer.
	www.safecom.org.au /procter.htm (1803 words)

	Australian Immigration Fact Sheet - Temporary Protection Visas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Where TPV holders are no longer in need of Australia's protection, their places can be reassigned to the Humanitarian Program to resettle refugees and others of concern who are in the greatest need.
		Under the TPV regime introduced in 1999, unauthorised arrivals found to be refugees are able to access only a three-year temporary visa, in the first instance.
		People who have been granted a TPV and who make a further Protection Visa application are not able to access a permanent PV if, since leaving their home country, they have resided for at least seven days in a country where they could have sought and obtained effective protection.
	www.immi.gov.au /facts/64protection.htm (1110 words)

	Perspective 10 August 2004 - Fethi Mansouri
		The recent government announcement that temporary protection visa (TPV) holders may be permitted to apply for permanent residency offers hope to some of the 9500 temporary refugees residing in Australia.
		TPV holders already deemed genuine refugees under Australia’s own determining procedures will now be required to meet a different set of criteria to obtain permanent migration visas.
		The emotional and psychological problems generated by the temporary protection regime stem from the withdrawal of two fundamental rights; the right to family reunion and the right to not be forcibly returned to the country of origin while danger persists.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/talks/perspective/stories/s1173235.htm (696 words)

	HREOC Website - Erace: A Web Forum on Race Discrimination Issues
		The TPV is a temporary three year visa which denies refugees automatic eligibility for family reunion and limits their access to the kinds of settlement support available to those refugees who are granted permanent protection.
		TPVs were introduced by the Federal Government in October 1999 in response to increasing numbers of asylum seekers arriving in Australia by boat in the late 1990s.
		TPV holders must apply for another protection visa before their TPV expires if they wish to remain in Australia.
	www.hreoc.gov.au /racial_discrimination/Erace/tpvs/tpvs.html (2229 words)

	Refugee Action Committee, Canberra - Temporary Protection Visas
		They are granted a Temporary Protection Visa which denies them security and certainty, and deprives them of certain fundamental needs such as access to English classes and the right to family reunion.
		Trauma strikes the soul: an attempt to explore and understand the impact of the temporary protection visa on clients in New South Wales.
		We the Iraqi temporary protection visa holders have suffered greatly under the TPV [ temporary protection visa ] regime, which we feel is unjust.
	www.refugeeaction.org /deportation/tpv.htm (1138 words)

	Oxfam Australia :: Urgent Response Briefings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		TPVs bar people who arrived by boat, but are found to be refugees, from settling permanently, until they have their cases reassessed after three years has passed.
		Reprocessing has commenced for those people whose three-year TPV has expired, but the way their claims for protection will be judged is not clear.
		It is important to remember that refugees with Temporary Protection Visas have been determined to be 'genuine refugees' by the Australian Government and have met the definition of a refugee contained in the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees.
	www.oxfam.org.au /campaigns/urgent/tpvs.html (1775 words)

	Refugee Council of Australia \| Inquiry into the Link Between Aid & Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		TPV holders have all been determined by the Australian Government to have a well-founded fear of persecution in their home country and thus to be entitled to refugee status.
		Further, TPV holders in receipt of a Special Benefit are subject to Newstart conditions such as the requirement to lodge forms fortnightly and demonstrate that they have sought employment from a minimum of six employers per fortnight but are not subject to the breaching regime.
		As TPV holders are ineligible for most settlement services, those who would be eligible for exemptions under usual circumstances are unlikely to be aware of this and/or to be able to find an agency that is able to advocate on their behalf.
	www.refugeecouncil.org.au /html/resources/activitytest.html (2479 words)

	Temporary Protection Visas
		TPV holders hoping to remain in Australia must apply for further protection or return to their county of origin.
		Under the TPV regime introduced in October 1999, unauthorised arrivals found to be refugees and accepted into Australia are granted a three year TPV with the option of applying for further protection at the end of the three years.
		TPVs, mandatory detention and offshore processing are part of a border protection strategy aimed at impressing on people that if they come to Australia in an unauthorised manner they will not get the same benefits available to those who arrive in an authorised manner.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/pubs/rn/2003-04/04rn51.htm (1360 words)

	Comparisons - Seeking Asylum :: Australian Visas
		Temporary Protection Visas (TPV) are granted to people who are recognized as refugees but who have traveled to Australia without valid documentation.
		A refugee with a TPV has reduced access to government social services and is not allow to leave Australia over the three years.
		Asylum seekers who arrive with a valid visa and lodge a claim for protection are granted a Bridging Visa, allowing them to remain lawfully in the community until their applications are finalised.
	www.survival-comparisons.org.au /ozvisa.htm (458 words)

	Stateline Tasmania
		Her quest to stay in the State is a plight which is shared by about 20 refugees living on temporary protection visas in Tasmania.
		I really believe this visa's unjust because TPV enshrined discrimination between refugees because TPV is based on how the refugee travelled to Australia, not on the reason for their becoming refugee.
		It is to provide temporary protection so that when a country from which someone has come to Australia is in a situation where the person could safely return that they can return.
	www.abc.net.au /stateline/tas/content/2003/s974589.htm (1191 words)

	Mots Pluriels Fethi Mansouri
		TPV were originally granted for three years after which TPV holders would be eligible to apply for a Permanent Protection Visa (PPV).
		"Visa restrictions are not benefiting anyone including the government", stated one of the TPV holders, who believed that if people had access to education and training, their increased rate of employment and/or business establishment would reduce the money the government is paying in benefits.
		TPV holders should have all the rights of their Permanent Protection Visa (PPV) counterparts so that they begin to heal and move forward.
	www.arts.uwa.edu.au /MotsPluriels/MP2102fm.html (8322 words)

	Legal Dictionary, AA - Accident Attorneys, Accidents & Personal Injury, Motorcycle Accident Lawyers, Big-Rig Accidents, ...
		Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may be released from or "discharged" from their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt.
		Equal Protection of the Law -The guarantee in the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that all persons be treated equally by the law.
		Reasonable doubt An accused person is entitled to acquittal if, in the minds of the jury, his or her guilt has not been proved beyond a "reasonable doubt;" that state of minds of jurors in which they cannot say they feel an abiding conviction as to the truth of the charge.
	www.aa-accidentattorneys.com /legal_dictionary.html (13605 words)

	Untitled Document
		The move towards TPVs has created enormous instability for unaccompanied minors and impacted on their ability to establish long term goals and a stable future while the spectre of deportation or indefinite temporary visa status is the governing basis of their stay in Australia.
		The Inquiry heard that unaccompanied child TPV holders perceive a conflict of interest in the Minister, who is their legal guardian, being the arbiter of their applications for permanent protection, even though the guardianship is delegated to the State child welfare authorities.
		From September 2001, TPV holders are ineligible for a PPV if, since leaving their home country, they have resided for at least seven days in a country where they could have sought and obtained effective protection.
	www.hreoc.gov.au /human_rights/children_detention_report/report/chap16.htm (14419 words)

	HREOC Website : Face The Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Permanent Protection Visas (PPV): for people who arrive in Australia with a valid temporary visa (such as a tourist or student visa) and are found to be refugees Australia is obliged to protect.
		Temporary Protection Visas (TPV): for people who arrive in Australia without a valid visa and are found to be refugees Australia is obliged to protect.
		TPV holders cannot automatically sponsor their families to join them in Australia and they need special approval to re-enter Australia if they leave.
	www.humanrights.gov.au /racial_discrimination/face_facts/ref_htm.htm (4229 words)

	Southerly Buster: 09.11.03
		While the Afghans are losing their claims to a new visa, the Iraqis are moving more slowly through the system, because of the difficulty of getting accurate information about the situation in the country.
		If an individual TPV holder were dependent on long-term welfare, his or her return might conceivably free up some welfare resources, but it is questionable whether the administrative costs of re-assessment, detention and deportation would outweigh any such savings.
		No protected person may be punished for an offence he or she has not personally committed.
	southerlybuster.blogspot.com /2003_11_09_southerlybuster_archive.html (7912 words)

	[No title]
		Positive Aspects: A welcome development is that approximately 2,400 refugees whose TPV was granted before the introduction of new laws in September 2001 will receive permanent protection if they are successful at their second application.
		This being said, the Council points out that the “7-day Rule” will still apply to refugees granted their visa after 27 September 2001 and notes that the application of this rule is inherently problematic and is destined to result in increased litigation.
		The Council argues that this regulation should: remove the “7-day Rule” so that all refugees can be granted permanent protection if found to be in need of ongoing protection after 3 years; remove the bar placed on temporary humanitarian visa holders from applying for refugee status at the expiry of their visas.
	www.refugeeaction.org /downloads/tpv_changes.doc (644 words)

	China Travel
		Visa International, the world's largest payment company, announced a deal yesterday with the operators of China's official bankcard payment network to allow holders of overseas issued credit and debit cards to pay with plastic at stores around the country.
		The alliance reflects Visa's motivation to increase its presence in China, which industry insiders said has the potential to become the world's largest travel destination by 2020 up from fifth position last year.
		The alliance reflects Visa's motivation to increase its presence in China, which industry insiders said has the potential to become the world's largest travel desti-nation by 2020 up from fifth position last year.
	www.chinainfotravel.com /china_travel.htm (15456 words)

	Temporary protection visas punish refugees
		Shamkhi's visa does not allow him to bring his family to Australia until he is granted permanent residence, which he has to wait three years to apply for.
		The three-year TPV was first introduced by the federal government in October 1999 in response to an increase in onshore refugee arrivals.
		They will also only be entitled to successive three-year TPVs, unless the immigration minister decides to use his “non-compellable right” to allow an application for a permanent protection visa.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/2001/467/467p11.htm (1263 words)

	Ruddock's blackmail: refugees robbed of human rights
		Now, even that hope has gone, because the government has put every Afghan refugee, whether their three-year temporary protection visa had expired or not, on a Class XC bridging visa.
		It maintains all the restrictions of a temporary protection visa, but leaves a refugee facing even greater uncertainty because it remains valid, according to immigration department guidelines, only “until a holder's application for a further protection visa is finally determined”.
		The vast bulk of the 12,000 temporary protection visa holders, perhaps 90%, are from Iraq and Afghanistan.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/2003/522/522p24.htm (1463 words)

	Undergraduate Scholarships - Temporary Protection Visa Scholarships (TPVS)
		The Temporary Protection Visa Scholarships are in accordance with Curtinâs long-standing, formal commitment to Ethics and Social Justice.
		The scholarships are to assist students who are holders of a Temporary Protection Visa (TPV), who have minimal or no academic documentation, which makes the opportunity for entry to University through regular channels problematic.
		The Scholarship shall only be for the duration of the Temporary Protection Visa.
	scholarships.curtin.edu.au /scholarship.cfm?id=70 (158 words)

	Free Australia Visa Links & Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Australia Online visa service offering visas for working holiday, tourists, parents, students, business, spouse and retirement services.
		Australian Visa Bureau provides online immigration and visa services for people wishing to emigrate to Australia.
		Everything vital from visas to jobs is clearly explained.
	www.everythinggreatandsmall.com /finance/australia-visa.php (841 words)

	About Scams, Urban Legends and other False Information
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		Regardless, protect yourself by becoming educated to potential problems.
		There are tens of thousands of real computer viruses out there, so use virus protection software and backup your important files at least once a week.
	www.about-the-web.com /shtml/scams.shtml (2816 words)

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