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Topic: Ten American Painters

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Willard Metcalf

1858

	Hunter Museum of American Art
		The majority of American artists who adopted impressionism in the last decades of the nineteenth century had either studied formally in Paris, or Barbizon, or Giverny, or they had spent sufficient time there to absorb the movement's aesthetic principles.
		Yet in implementing those tenets, the Americans were inclined to be less doctrinaire in the application of impressionist light and color theory and characteristic brush technique.
		Consequently, some critics and art historians, the notable E. Richardson for example, find the American development generally more decorative than that of the French innovators (a natural evolution reflecting the tendency of second-generation practitioners to refine, but at the same time reduce, the boldness and experimental vigor of the original style to an ornamental idiom).
	www.huntermuseum.org /frameforcollections.aspx?page=Include/HTML/Artists/childehassam.htm (568 words)

	The Philadelphia Ten: A Women's Artist Group 1917–1945
		A member of The Philadelphia Ten and a PSDW graduate, Nancy Maybin Ferguson, expressed this philosophy when explaining her decision to study painting, “I don’t think it was a natural love for painting that made me first begin to study; rather it was that I wanted to do some work in the world.
		Thus membership in The Philadelphia Ten, providing “moral support, friendly competition and good fellowship,” may have been even more important for women artists than it was for their male counterparts, given the uphill battle they fought to achieve parity in the marketplace and in the close-knit and tradition-bound art establishment.
		While some might fault The Philadelphia Ten for their resistance to modernism, their exhibitions were clearly an invitation to critical discussion of their work, and The Philadelphia Ten were not accused of seeking “the immunity of feminine fragility,” as were the members of the New York Society of Women Painters.
	thegalleriesatmoore.org /publications/tenptps.shtml (4416 words)

	Painter * GlassPainters Medieval Craftsmen ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Pissarro and Pontoise The Painter in a Landscape.
		Mughal Painter of Flora and Fauna Ustad Mansur.
		Patrons and Painters A Study in the Relations Between Italian Art and Society in the Age of the Baroque.
	www.jupitermoons.de /?jupi_search=Painter (1638 words)

	Newport Art Collector willing to pay up to 2 million dollars.
		A member of the Ten American Painters and an important figure in the Boston School, Frank W. Benson was one of the first American artists to combine the figure with the Impressionist landscape.
		Benson is also known for his indoor figural depictions which convey the quiet contemplative spirit of the genteel age and for paintings, etchings, and watercolors of sporting subjects, especially of fishing and hunting, which he rendered in the later portion of his career.
		This group, which broke from away from the Society of American Artists (the principal artist organization of the time), consisted of several of the most advanced and talented artists of the era, many of whom were working in the French Impressionist style.
	www.newportart.com /frank_benson.html (1112 words)

	AMERICAN IMPRESSIONISM II: 1870s-1920s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		American artists were generally introduced to French impressionism during the late 1880s.
		As early as 1874 she was using the palette of the group, and though her work took on many aspects of impressionism such as spontaneity of composition, painting outdoors and emphasis on light filled environments, she never dissolved form as completely as did Monet or Pissarro.
		Remaining true to the solidity of the object was characteristic of all the American impressionists.
	www.davis-art.com /artimages/slidesets/slideset.asp?setnumber=446 (544 words)

	ART Talk ohn Henry Twachtman landscape painter Art History
		An aggressive painter, the artist often sanded the oils he used and the surfaces he painted to mimic an aged or weathered quality.
		Noted as the very first painter to use the color blue for shadows, he was known as a master in the use of color values.
		Much of his work depicted isolation and seldom had figures, supporting his theory that a real landscape painter was close to the land, spending great amounts of time in the country, in isolation and nearer to nature.
	www.arttalk.com /archives/vol-10/artv1006-2.htm (675 words)

	Past Exhibitions
		Monet, of all the French painters, exerted the greatest influence on the American impressionists, teaching and befriending many of them during their time abroad.
		In 1897, he became a founding member of "The Ten American Painters" (or "The Ten"), a group of artists who seceded from New York's prestigious Society of American Artists and exhibited together for the next twenty years.
		Of "The Ten," J. Alden Weir, Childe Hassam, Willard Metcalf, and Twachtman were united in their rejection of descriptive art for more subjective, innovative interpretations of nature.
	www.pafa.org /past.jsp (2708 words)

	American Impressionism to Modernism: A Brief History
		When many painters were suffering from poverty and neglect ten men left security and reputations by the wayside and ventured out into the unknown world of freedom in art by resigning from the Society of American Artists and the National Academy of Design.
		Although "The Ten" had not complied with the rules and regimentations of the National Academy in 1898, by 1903 most of them had reentered its ranks, and they were justly accused of playing a political game in order to be financially successful.
		American Impressionists and Modernists were considered neophytes compared to their French counterparts, and acclaim was unevenly distributed throughout the artistic world while traditional ideologies clashed dramatically with those of the Modernist movements.
	www.tfaoi.com /newsm1/n1m548.htm (4369 words)

	The History of American Painters - ArticleChain.com
		Apparently, early Americans' interest in painting grew bigger that several years later after having established their life in America, American painters began to go to England to study.
		Although early American painters were highly influenced by artistic styles already developed in Europe, as years passed by they began to create their own style in painting.
		Due to the Society of American Artists' rising commercialism, ten significant American painters resigned from the association and were know as the "Ten American Painters." Among them were John Henry Twachtman, Thomas Wilmer Dewing, Edmund Charles Tarbell, and Frank Weston Benson.
	www.articlechain.com /arts-entertainment/the-history-of-american-painters.php (648 words)

	John Henry Twatchman (1853-1902) - Spanierman Gallery LLC.
		Landscape painter John Henry Twachtman was one of the most original and modern artists of the late nineteenth century.
		In 1897 Twachtman was a founding member of the Ten American Painters, a group of primarily Impressionist painters who broke from the Society of American Artists.
		American paintings and watercolors of the 19th and 20th century.
	spanierman.com /thumbnails.php?album=2926&lev=bio&sid=thumbs&page=21&mid=3022 (3150 words)

	American * Stairways to Heaven Drugs in... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Early American crafts hobbies a treasury of skills, avocations, handicrafts, and forgotten pastimes and pursuits from the golde.
		Visions of the Land Science, Literature, and the American Environment from the Era of Exploration to the Age of Ecology Under th.
		The role of the Jewish underground in the American landing in Algiers, 19401942.
	www.jupitermoons.de /?jupi_search=American (3010 words)

	ArtLex on American Impressionists: Cassatt, Benson, Hassam, Chase and others
		Painting with Light: American Impressionism is another short history of the movement with links to artists' biographies and images of their works.
		American Impressionism: an exhibition at The Minneapolis Institute of Arts with brief history of American Impressionism, links to the pages of major American Impressionists artists.
		American Impressionism Along the Connecticut Shore is an article from the Maine Antique Digest about several exhibitions in Connecticut where works of the American impressionists were present.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/ij/impressionism.Cassatt.html (989 words)

	AAskART — Top Impressionists - Art Pricing Paintings Values
		American Luminists created colored atmospheres in their works, and others worked with a 'glare aesthetic', popular in Europe, where light was used to reinforce form.
		Many American painters were attracted to Giverny, France, the home of the famous Impressionist, Claude Monet, who is credited as being the leading influence in the movement.
		Arguably one of the greatest American Impressionists, Mary Cassatt is known for her paintings of mothers and children.
	www.askart.com /interest/topimp1940_a.asp (1228 words)

	Taft Museum of Art :: More Information About Current Exhibition
		The exhibition, which runs from December 16, 2005 to March 12, 2006 examines American art at the end of the nineteenth century when many American artists retreated from the realities of the early modern era-with its burgeoning industry and crowded cities-and instead envisioned an American Eden.
		American impressionist works appealed greatly to urban-based collectors who saw in them evidence of the restorative power of nature.
		The Americans who went in this direction developed a style known as tonalism: they used broad areas of tone, simplified compositions, blurred forms, and a limited range of colors in order to suggest a harmony between figures and landscape.
	www.taftmuseum.org /more_current_americanimpressions.htm (615 words)

	Artsymmetry - Free Online Art Articles Directory
		Growth of American Art Apparently, early Americans’ interest in painting grew bigger that several years later after having established their life in America, American painters began to go to England to study.
		Society of American Artists First members of the Society of American Artists include American painters Robert Swain Gifford, an American landscape painter; John Henry Twachtman, most popular impressionist landscape painter in his time; John LaFarge who was also famous for his stained glass windows and writings; and Albert Pinkham Ryder, famous for his seascapes.
		Ten American Painters Due to the Society of American Artists’ rising commercialism, ten significant American painters resigned from the association and were know as the “Ten American Painters.” Among them were John Henry Twachtman, Thomas Wilmer Dewing, Edmund Charles Tarbell, and Frank Weston Benson.
	www.artsymmetry.com /ezineready.php?id=1930 (1216 words)

	John Henry Twachtman - Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Landscape painter John Henry Twachtman was one of the most original and modern artists of the late nineteenth century.
		Trained in Munich and Paris, and a member of the most advanced American artist groups of his day, Twachtman was at the forefront of the American avant-garde throughout his career.
		In 1897 Twachtman was a founding member of the Ten American Painters, a group of primarily Impressionist painters who broke from the Society of American Artists.
	www.spanierman.com /feature/bio_twachtman.htm (1579 words)

	John Henry Twachtman available At Spanierman Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Begun in 1987, the John Twachtman catalogue raisonné is currently in the final stages of compling data on this important American Impressionist's oeuvre (with the exception of his etchings).
		Its purpose is to provide a major contribution to scholarship on the artist and to add to the body of greater knowledge on American art of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
		American paintings and watercolors of the 19th and early 20th century.
	www.spaniermangallery.net /twachtman/raisonne.htm (426 words)

	Exhibition archive - American Impressions - Norton Museum of Art - West Palm Beach Florida
		In Europe, where he went in 1877, Twachtman met another American painter, William Merritt Chase, whose "Untitled" (Landscape), 1912, is a scene in northern France or Belgium, showing a high Impressionist style and subject matter.
		She was not only important as the only American in the original Impressionist circle (she helped to finance some of the Impressionist group shows), but she also sent many French Impressionist works to collector friends of hers in the United States, in particular the Havemeyers.
		In such paintings, the Impressionist brushstroke and use of color is a vehicle for a distinctly American vision, a new school of American Modernism influenced by French Impressionism.
	www.norton.org /exhibitions/archiveimpressions.htm (727 words)

	United States, American Art at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, LACMA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The American collection is the oldest in the museum, for the first painting to have been acquired by the county was George Bellows’s Cliff Dwellers (1913), purchased in 1916.
		Smibert arrived in the American colonies in 1728, attracted by climate, opportunity, and the promise of employment in a visionary utopian colony to be established in the Bermudas.
		Although not one of the Eight, the group of American artists allied with Henri in a rebellion against academic painting, Bellows was associated with them and shared their preoccupation with vigorous execution and urban subjects.
	collectionsonline.lacma.org /MWEB/about/american_about.asp (3417 words)

	York Weekly: Impressive Impressionists
		In selecting "American Impressionism" for its main show of the summer, the Portland Museum of Art is certain to attract Maine tourists and residents alike to enjoy the visual splendor inherent in this relatively small corner of the vast Smithsonian art collection.
		Because "American Impressionism" was derived from the holdings of a single resource, it is not intended to be a balanced overview, that is, a survey of the genre.
		American artists adapting the technique originated by Pierre Auguste Renoir and Claude Monet in France modified the European approach, "watering it down" so to speak.
	www.seacoastonline.com /2001news/yorkweekly/yw7_4arts2.htm (631 words)

	Exhibitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Arguably, the most sophisticated and influential of the American Impressionists, Twachtman was closely linked to the French Impressionists, particularly Claude Monet, to whom his work was often compared.
		In 1897, he became a founding member of “The Ten American Painters” (or “The Ten”), a group of artists who seceded from New York’s prestigious Society of American Artists and exhibited together for the next 20 years.
		On this occasion, the artist’s “Ten” colleague Thomas Wilmer Dewing recognized Twachtman’s significance by describing him as the “most modern spirittoo modern, probably, to be fully recognized or appreciated at present; but his place will be recognized in the future.” An illustrated catalogue, providing the first in-depth, scholarly assessment of Twachtman’s career accompanies the exhibition.
	www.pafa.org /pressTemplate.jsp?ID=1042 (508 words)

	William Merritt Chase Summary
		American painters Frank Duveneck and John H. Twachtman were fellow students.
		He was a prolific painter, active in the field of portraiture and landscape, as well as making a great success of fish still lifes.
		William Merritt Chase (November 1, 1849 – October 25, 1916) was an American painter known as an exponent of Impressionism and as a teacher.
	www.bookrags.com /William_Merritt_Chase (1706 words)

	Art Movements
		Born in the aftermath of World War I, American Scene painting developed partly as an outgrowth of the Ashcan school, and partly as a reaction to French modernism.
		A group of naturalist landscape painters who worked in the vicinity of Barbizon, a village on the outskirts of the Forest of Fontainebleu, southeast of Paris, in the 1840s and 1850s.
		It is a style in which painters, sculptors, and architects sought emotion, movement, and variety in their works.
	www.jjkgallery.com /pages/art_movement.html (2056 words)

	ArtLex on the Ten American Painters
		They had been members of the Society of American Artists, but resigned from this organization upon deciding that its exhibitions were too too large and conservative.
		The Ten were were: Thomas E. Dewing (1851-1938), Edward E. Simmons (1852-1931), Julien Alden Weir (1852-1919), John Henry Twachtman (1853-1902), Joseph R. De Camp (1858-1923), Willard L. Metcalf (1858-1925), Childe Hassam (1859-1935), Frank Benson (1862-1951), Robert Reid (1862-1929), and Edmund C
		Although their art was not particularly radical, they were important in the context of modern art in helping to establish a tradition of setting up exhibiting organizations independent of official bodies, foreshadowing
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/t/tenamerican.html (501 words)

	SAAM :: Have a Question? Find an Answer
		American Artists in Photographic Portraits from the Peter A. Juley & Son Collection (Washington, D.C. and Mineola, New York: National Museum of American Art and Dover Publications, Inc., 1995).
		It lightened his palette, encouraged use of the broken brush stroke and the juxtaposition of contrasting hues, and moved him in the direction of becoming the most assertively impressionist of American painters.
		Dissatisfied with the size and increasing mediocrity of annual exhibitions of the Society of American Painters, this rather heterogeneous group of New Yorkers and Bostonians chose to exhibit together and continued to do so annually for twenty years.
	americanart.si.edu /search/artist_bio.cfm?ID=2112 (903 words)

	Antiques and the Arts Online - The Art of Frank W. Benson, American Impressionist
		From 1898 to 1918, The Ten presented an annual exhibit of their works, and Benson often featured his plein air works in that show.
		For example, in "Child in Sunlight" the viewer is tempted to reach and assist the toddler as she pitches forward trying to climb the coastal hill.
		A typical painting of the era was Frank Shapleigh's (American, 1842-1906) rendering of the sitting room of the John Alden house.
	antiquesandthearts.com /CS0-10-10-2000-11-34-49 (2376 words)

	A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 1866, a group of eleven painters met to form “The American painters in Water Color.” The newly formed society held its first exhibition in the fall of 1867 and these annual exhibitions have continued to the present time.
		The American term for the Beaux-Arts style that developed in the second half of the 19th Century in the Paris architectural school, the Ecole des Beaux Arts.
		After preliminary meetings between the painters Jerome Myers (1867—1940), Elmer MacRae (1875—1955), Walt Kuhn (1877—1949) and others, a meeting was held at the Madison Gallery on 16 December 1911 for the purpose of founding a new artists’ organization.
	www.artspace2000.com /artspace_II/Directories/glossary/a.htm (1687 words)

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