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	Lower East Side Tenement Museum
		While both tenements and apartment buildings refer to multiple family dwellings, the origins of the word tenement and its association with overcrowding, poverty, and working-class life date to the early 19th century when large-scale residential tenancy began to develop in New York City.
		Vast numbers of tenements were built in the mid-nineteenth century demonstrating their profitability in the absence of government regulation.
		Tenements built after 1901 are called "new law" tenements while those built between 1879 and 1901 are called "old law." Since 97 Orchard Street was built before any housing reforms, it is known as a "pre-old law" tenement.
	www.tenement.org /Encyclopedia/housing_tenements.htm (1258 words)

	Tenement
		A tenement is any type of property, such as an estate or land, that is owned by one person and leased to another.
		Although a tenement has many units attached together under one roof, they are divided by walls to give each family or occupant his or her own space and privacy.
		Tenements are picking up in popularity as housing costs rise and people move closer into the city center (or downtown) to save money on transportation, mortgage costs, house renovations and taxes.
	www.investopedia.com /terms/t/tenement.asp (413 words)

	The Foreign Immigrant in New York City
		This provision applied to old tenement houses as well as to new ones, and many buildings were fitted with small ventilating flues of about 4 by 6 inches in size; but few were fitted with an "air shaft" in the sense in which the term would now be used.
		Women carrying on the trade of prostitution in tenement houses are to be considered vagrants, and punished by commitment to the county jail.
		If a tenement house is used for immoral purposes with the permission of the owner, the tenement building itself shall be subject to a penalty of $1,000; if so used with the consent of the lessee of the whole house, the lease shall be terminable.
	tenant.net /Community/LES/clag2.html (4929 words)

	tenement - definition by dict.die.net
		Tenement house, commonly, a dwelling house erected for the purpose of being rented, and divided into separate apartments or tenements for families.
		A tenement may be detached by itself, or it may be part of a house divided off for the use of a family.
		Dominant estate or tenement (Law), the estate to which a servitude or easement is due from another estate, the estate over which the servitude extends being called the servient estate or tenement.
	dict.die.net /tenement (320 words)

	The Tenement-House Exhibition of 1899
		It seems beyond belief, yet is its a fact, that there is hardly a tenement house in the entire city that does not contain a number of these dots, and many contain as many as fifteen of them, meaning that seventy-five different families have applied for charity from that house.
		Beginning with the first model tenement in the world, the Pancras square building in London, of the metropolitan association for improving the swellings of the industrial classes, there are shown a series of photographs, plans, and charts, illustrating this work.
		One way out of the tenement house problem, a way that has been thought for many years the chief way, but one which seems to the writer to have slight bearing on the question, is to set the drift back to the fields, away from the city.
	www.tenant.net /Community/LES/veiller1.html (3032 words)

	L I N A \| tenements of Little Italy
		Known as tenements, the basic elements of their design were dictated by practical structural constraints and the convention of the 25-by-100-foot building lot.
		Among other improvements, tenements were required to be equipped with fire escapes and toilets (at least one for every twenty tenants).
		Thousands of dumbbell tenements were erected in Little Italy and the Lower East Side, as exemplified by the few blocks shown on this old land map.
	www.thing.net /~lina/tenement.html (400 words)

	Tenement Museum : History \| Thirteen/WNET New York
		The tenement at 97 Orchard Street was competed in 1864, the same year in which Sherman marched through Georgia, Tolstoy began "War and Peace," Pasteur invented what came to be called pasteurization, and a heroine named Octavia Hill took on the long battle to reform the conditions of the tenements of London.
		As commonly applied to tenements in the 1860's, the facade was a trickle-down version, in brick, of the brownstone Italianate facades of the row houses and mansions popular with the City's wealthier families.
		Still more important to tenement dwellers was the provision that all school sinks and privies "be completely removed...[and] replaced by individual water closets...properly sewer connected." Not only were the tenants of #97 to get real, flushable toilets in a separate compartment but also one toilet was to be provided for every two families.
	www.thirteen.org /tenement/eagle.html (2271 words)

	ARTSEDGE: Understanding Tenement Life
		Despite the harsh tenement life, most immigrants recognized the freedom and opportunity America had to offer and settled into their new lives here, creating a mosaic of rich and varied languages, religions, and cultures and making the best of their situation.
		It wasn't until the 1901 Tenement Housing Act was passed that better construction of housing, as well as lighting, ventilation, and toilet facilities, were standardized and living conditions were improved.
		The Tenement Housing Act Web site explains the ways in which developers and landlords were then required to improve the conditions of their dwellings.) Tell the students that they are going to explore some of the families that lived in tenement buildings.
	artsedge.kennedy-center.org /content/2314 (2132 words)

	Tenement Museum pays homage to immigrants
		An tenement that housed 7,000 immigrants from 25 countries between 1863 and 1935.
		The Baldizzis were among the 7,000 immigrants from 25 countries who lived in one tenement on the Lower East Side of Manhattan between 1863 and 1935.
		Tenements, which were affordable multi-family housing, were distinguished from apartments, which housed the better off.
	cityguide.pojonews.com /fe/DayTrips/stories/dt_tenement_museum.asp (734 words)

	CHAPTER 368o TENEMENT AND LODGING HOUSES
		No tenement house, not existing or actually under construction on July 1, 1929, shall be over four stories in height unless it is equipped with a passenger elevator.
		In each tenement house erected or subdivided after June 30, 1941, there shall be a water closet in each apartment of two or more rooms.
		In each tenement house erected after August 31, 1930, and prior to July 1, 1941, there shall be a water closet in each apartment of three or more rooms and at least one water closet for each two apartments of less than three rooms each.
	www.cga.ct.gov /2005/pub/Chap368o.htm (1022 words)

	FC-New York - Spotlight On - The Lower East Side Tenement Museum
		The Tenement building at 97 Orchard Street, a six-story building with twenty apartments and four storefronts, is central to the Museum’s collection and was opened to the public in 1994.
		The tenement at 97 Orchard was home to a diverse cross-section of these millions — from its construction in 1863 to closure as a residence in 1935, more than 7,000 people from over 20 countries lived in the building.
		The Tenement Museum has long been committed to using the arts to give voice and expression to immigrant communities not represented in the 97 Orchard Street’s history and to issues related to the immigrant experience such as housing legislation, welfare reform and labor law.
	www.foundationcenter.org /newyork/spotlight/ny_spotlight_041502.html (2834 words)

	Tenement Museum \| New York City Tenement Museum
		Explore a digital recreation of the tenement at 97 Orchard Street.
		Send a Tenement E-Card to your friends and family.
		The Tenement is grateful for the support of Goldman Sachs, a leading corporate member.
	www.tenement.org (96 words)

	The Big Apple: Tenement House
		The "tenement house" is believed to have started in New York City, on Cherry Street in 1838.
		The Lower East Side Tenement Museum's mission is: to promote tolerance and historical perspective through the presentation and interpretation of the variety of immigrant and migrant experiences on Manhattan's Lower East Side, a gateway to America.
		Built in l863, 97 Orchard Street is the first tenement and thus the first homestead of urban, working class, poor and immigrant people to be preserved in the United States.
	www.barrypopik.com /index.php/new_york_city/entry/tenement_house (466 words)

	No. 2137 Tenement Houses
		The result was a more-or-less standard tenement house, and it was a huge improvement.
		Tenements were now designed as modules, each of which occupied one of these lots, edge-to-edge, except for a ten-foot yard in back.
		A tenement house was a four or five storey row of modules.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi2137.htm (626 words)

	Tenement (1985) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Even without a storyline and with over and under acting, if the vision of the director is focused then we as the viewer can indulge in the resultant movie, be it good, bad or indifferent.
		The inconsistency continually forces us to reappraise what it is we are watching and with 'Tenement', we are bombarded throughout with clichéd situations, dialogue and camera angles.
		Were this a film made by complete amateurs, strangely I think it would have been better.
	www.imdb.com /title/tt0090145 (305 words)

	If these walls could talk... - Oldhouseweb.com
		Preservationists from The Lower East Side Tenement Museum are meticulously excavating the layers of wallpaper in the museum's building at 97 Orchard Street.
		Because of the size of a tenement apartment (325 square feet), it was conceivable that an entire home could be papered for less than a dollar.
		In fact, Lucas Glockner, who built the tenement and lived in it with his family until 1886, seems to have painted the walls and stained the woodwork of all of the apartments regularly throughout his ownership of the building.
	www.oldhouseweb.com /stories/Detailed/10267.shtml (1548 words)

	Tenement (Scotland) Bill Consultation
		However, given the difficulties surrounding the introduction of such a scheme for existing properties, the Institute agrees that existing common law should be restated for existing properties and should be capable of free variation of the title deeds in the future.
		The CIH agrees with the concept of scheme property but would ask that two further items be included; chimney stacks given their potential to cause damage to the rest of the tenement if not maintained and doors, windows, skylights, vents or other openings if they benefit more than one property.
		The Tenements Bill is an early opportunity to tackle this issue in a pro-active manner.
	www.cih.org /scotland/policy/display.php?db=policies&id=411 (3721 words)

	New York City Chinatown > Manhattan > Mulberry Street
		Even though a uniform building code was first adopted in 1867, which required a window in every sleeping room, as well as privies in every tenement, the laws were not fully enforced until 1901 when a new building code (the "Tenement House Act"), along with an enforcement agency behind it, went into effect.
		The new law virtually outlawed the construction of tenements by requiring all buildings -- both new and old -- to have interior flush toilets, a fire escape, and ventilation shafts for both air, and light.
		Forced to abide by the new laws, many landlords began adopting the "dumbbell" design type of tenement where there is a small narrow airshaft in the back of the building providing the legal window, air, and sunlight to all its residents.
	www.nychinatown.org /mulberry.html (443 words)

	TENEMENT BUILDINGS AND MULTIPLE DWELLING PREMISES
		"Tenement building" any house or building, or portion thereof, which is intended or designed to be occupied or leased for occupation, or actually occupied, as a home or residence for three or more households living in separate apartments, and doing their cooking upon the premises.
		The retention of control of the stairways, passages, roadways and other common facilities of a tenement building or multiple dwelling premises places upon the landlord, or other possessor, the duty of reasonable care for safety in use.
		These rights may not be waived by any provisions of a written rental agreement and the landlord and/or owner may not charge any fee, service charge or additional rent to the tenant for exercising his rights under this act.
	members.aol.com /StatutesPA/68.Cp.8.5A.html (695 words)

	Tenement Reforms (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The first tenement was built in 1833 on Water Street in lower Manhattan.
		Since tenements were needed on such a short notice, these buildings were built sloppily with substandard materials.
		When 25% of the population a year is dying due to tenements, it is bound to gain attention.
	students.imsa.edu /~brod/Tenements.html (480 words)

	Tenement House in Glasgow (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Tenement House in Glasgow is the perfect example of and early 20th century tenement house.
		The typical Victorian tenement flat was built in 1892 but now provides a look back in time giving a great sense of what home life was like in the early 20th century.
		At the Tenement House you will see original fittings and the table, which is set for afternoon tea, there is also a rosewood piano, which is a sure sign of Victorian gentility.
	www.glasgow-guesthouse.net /tenement_house.htm (282 words)

	Tenement Museum has built a home on Orchard St.
		The pair had been looking for a preserved pre-old law tenement on the Lower East Side for two years before stumbling onto a gem at 97 Orchard St. in 1988.
		The Tenement Museum does this by interpreting the urban immigrant experience through the lives of families that lived at 97 Orchard St., and linking those histories to pressing contemporary immigration issues, such as affordable housing and sanitary living conditions, assimilation, labor and social and economic justice.
		Either way, Margaret Hughes, director of the Tenement Museum’s immigrant heritage project, emphasizes that the coalition is at the beginning of the process, and has been actively seeking input from property owners and is working hard to address their concerns.
	www.thevillager.com /villager_182/tenementmuseum.html (1491 words)

	Kingsmill Tenement-44JC39
		Kingsmill Tenement (44JC39) is one of a number of sites on the larger Kingsmill tract, which is located on the James River, roughly across from Hog Island.
		Kingsmill Tenement was likely the settlement of a tenant or indentured servant.
		Although the postbuildings at Kingsmill Tenement did not contain sufficient artifactual evidence to assign construction dates, their layout and the associated ditches can suggest which buildings are contemporary or how long they may have stood.
	www.apva.org /resource/jt2000/44JC39.html (980 words)

	The Tenement House, Glasgow
		The Tenement House allows visitors to step back in time to an important period of Glasgow's and social history and is testimony to Glasgow's rich industrial heritage and economic and demographic growth of the city at the turn of the 20th Century.
		Guided tours of the Tenement House are available, courtesy of informative staff who live to tell the tale of life in Glasgow's tenements during the early and mid 20th Century and even today.
		Contributing to the upkeep and conservation of this stunning property, a small entrance fee is incurred to experience the Tenement House at £3.50 for adults, £2.50 for children and concessions and free of charge for members of the NTS.
	www.gnws.co.uk /glasgow/galleries/tenementhouse.htm (421 words)

	TENEMENT (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A series of stories that take place over the span of two decades, centering around a tenement building with a history of murderous mayhem.
		Just as we start to wonder what the hell he's talking about, we're assaulted with a quick barrage of violent, brutal, graphically gory snippets of the atrocities that have occurred in said building over the years.
		Watching TENEMENT is like taking a trip through the cursed building itself.
	www.geocities.com /gonzoriffic/reviews-tenement.html (499 words)

	AGM 2004: Lower East Side Tenement Museum
		The 2004 Annual General Meeting will be collaborating on special programming with the Lower East Side Tenement Museum, using history to reflect on contemporary social issues and to link the struggle for economic, social, and cultural rights to our own human rights work.
		Built in 1863 before most U.S. housing laws, the museum is one of the first examples of tenement buildings and is the first homestead of urban, working class, poor and immigrant people preserved in the United States.
		Using tenement inspector checklists from the early 1900's, visitors act as housing inspectors by going through the building and checking to see if it complies with the laws on the checklist.
	www.amnestyusa.org /events/agm/agm2004/tenement.html (608 words)

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