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Topic: Tenofovir

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	Tenofovir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Tenofovir 300 mg daily is effective in patients with chronic HBV who fail lamivudine.
		Tenofovir is FDA approved for the treatment of HIV, and can be used off label for patients with lamivudine resistant HBV.
		Tenofovir 300 mg daily results in a significant fall in HBV-DNA in patients who fail lamivudine, resulting in clinical and biochemical improvement in cirrhotic patients.
	www.hepatitisdoctor.com /Tenofovir%20for%20HBV.html (176 words)

	HBV/HIV Coinfection & Tenofovir
		Substudies of the safety and efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir DF) for patients coinfected with HIV and HBV were undertaken within 2 phase 3 randomized controlled trials involving antiretroviral therapy--experienced (study 907) and --naive (study 903) HIV-infected populations.
		Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir DF) is an oral prodrug of tenofovir, a novel, acyclic nucleotide analogue with in vitro activity against HIV-1, HIV-2, and HBV.
		Among patients who received tenofovir DF, 3 serious adverse effects that were not considered to be related to the study drug occurred (i.e., fever, schizophrenic reaction, and pneumonia), but none of these patients discontinued participation in the study as a result.
	www.natap.org /2004/HIV/051004_03.htm (3282 words)

	Tenofovir - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) belongs to a class of antiretroviral drugs known as nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs), which block reverse transcriptase, an enzyme crucial to viral production in HIV -infected people.
		Tenofovir is currently in late-stage clinical trials for the treatment of hepatitis B.
		Tenofovir is marketed by Gilead Sciences with the brand name Viread.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tenofovir (178 words)

	TENOFOVIR
		Tenofovir is an antiviral medication that is able to inhibit enzymes necessary for HIV and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) to reproduce.
		Tenofovir should be taken with food to minimize the variation in the amount of medication that is absorbed into the blood stream.
		Tenofovir should be stored at controlled room temperature in a dry place, out of the reach of children.
	depts.washington.edu /actu/drugs/tenofovir.htm (463 words)

	Aidsmap \| Tenofovir - overview
		Tenofovir is available on prescription for adults in the European Union and the United States as a treatment for HIV infection in combination with other antiretrovirals.
		However, throughout the development and testing of tenofovir, no cases of severe kidney toxicity were reported, although mild elevations in creatinine kinase, reductions in cystatin C clearance and increases in the amount of protein in the urine (measures of kidney function) have been documented (Mauss 2004).
		Tenofovir has been tested in treatment-naive and -experienced people, but no studies are currently underway looking at the responses to subsequent NRTI regimens in people who fail first-line treatment with tenofovir.
	www.aidsmap.com /en/docs/50889255-9630-4C55-A136-18F3409AEF9E.asp (3595 words)

	AEGiS-AmFAR: Tenofovir as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis - May 2003
		Tenofovir, a recently approved drug for treating established HIV infection, may also be a tool for preventing transmission of the virus in the first place.
		Tenofovir is well tolerated and its overall safety is superior to the older anti-HIV agent nevirapine, which is also under study in PREP.
		Tenofovir is also preferred to nevirapine because HIV very rapidly develops resistance to the latter drug.
	www.aegis.com /pubs/amfar/2003/AM030503.html (1086 words)

	The Body: Tenofovir (Viread) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Tenofovir is a nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor, or nuke.
		Tenofovir is also being studied for the prevention of HIV infection.
		Tenofovir is also available in Truvada, a combination of tenofovir and emtricitabine (see Fact Sheet 421).
	www.thebody.com /nmai/tenofovir.html (891 words)

	Tenofovir May Prevent Breast Milk HIV Transmission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		One group was given tenofovir DF syrup starting 1 day before and continuing until 1 day after the SIV exposure periods.
		Tenofovir was administered orally in doses pharmacokinetically equivalent to the 8 mg/kg regimen used in pediatric trials and the 300 mg used in adults.
		Twenty of the 22 untreated macaques became viremic after two rounds of SIV inoculations, whereas, 3 of 6 tenofovir-treated animals were still uninfected at 3 months of age.
	www.hivdent.org /drugs1/drugTMPB072004.htm (273 words)

	tenofovir - [Medication]
		Tenofovir is not a cure for HIV or AIDS, and you can still transmit the virus to others during treatment with this medication.
		Tenofovir is used to treat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
		Tenofovir is in the FDA pregnancy category B. This means that it is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby.
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/multum/d04774a1.htm (1270 words)

	The Body: Tenofovir Side Effects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Tenofovir users can develop higher-than-normal levels of creatinine in their blood and urine, suggesting kidney damage.
		In analyzing the data, the Vancouver researchers found that tenofovir users were about three times more likely than abacavir users to develop higher-than-normal levels of creatinine in their blood.
		Tenofovir may cause kidney damage by injuring the energy-producing parts of kidney tubules, called mitochondria, as does the nucleotide analogue adefovir.
	www.thebody.com /catie/tenofovir_side_effects.html (901 words)

	Tenofovir (Viread, PMPA)
		Coadministration of tenofovir with didanosine increases serum didanosine levels; dose-reduction of didanosine is recommended.( 10) Coadministration of tenofovir with atazanavir lowers serum atazanavir levels and increases tenofovir levels( 11); boosting atazanavir with low-dose ritonavir is recommended.
		Tenofovir resistance conferred by the T69S mutation or by multiple thymidine analogue resistance mutations appears to be multiplied if the M184V mutation is replaced by wild-type.( 20) The K65R mutation, which may be selected by prior nucleoside analogue therapy, is associated with a modest decrease in sensitivity to tenofovir.( 21)
		Tenofovir should be considered in choosing therapy for individuals experiencing viral recurrence on prior regimens, but resistance testing may be helpful in assessing the utility of tenofovir in the individual situation.
	hivinsite.ucsf.edu /InSite.jsp?page=ar-drugs&doc=ar-01-07 (1719 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Tenofovir (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Tenofovir ( te-NOE-foe-veer) is used, in combination with other medicines, in the treatment of the infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
		Tenofovir will not cure or prevent HIV infection or AIDS; however, it may help keep HIV from reproducing which may slow down the destruction of the immune system.
		Although there is no specific information comparing use of tenofovir in the elderly with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/500339.html (1162 words)

	Viread Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate - RxList Monographs
		VIREAD is the brand name for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (a prodrug of tenofovir) which is a fumaric acid salt of bis-isopropoxycarbonyloxymethyl ester derivative of tenofovir.
		In vivo tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is converted to tenofovir, an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (nucleotide) analog of adenosine 5’-monophosphate.
		Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a solubility of 13.4 mg/mL in distilled water at 25°C. It has an octanol/phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) partition coefficient (log p) of 1.25 at 25°C. VIREAD tablets are for oral administration.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic/viread.htm (333 words)

	Tenofovir Health Web Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		-- Aesop Tenofovir "The most exciting attractions are between two opposites that never meet." (Andy Warhol) Life is like a movie--since there aren't any commercial breaks, you have to get up and go to the bathroom in the middle of it.
		Tenofovir There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home.
		-- Albert Einstein Tenofovir Celestial navigation is based on the premise that the Earth is the center of the universe.
	www.internet-health-directory.com /Pharmacy_Drugs_and_Medications_T_Tenofovir.html (1519 words)

	Tenofovir not toxic to mitochondria in human cell culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Tomas Cihlar and colleagues, from Gilead Sciences (the manufacturers of tenofovir) in Foster City, California, characterized the potential of tenofovir and currently used NRTIs to cause mitochondrial toxicity in various types of cells of human origin.
		Along with abacavir and lamivudine, tenofovir was the least potent drug in inhibiting mitochondrial DNA synthesis, the report indicates, followed (in increasing order) by zidovudine, stavudine, didanosine (ddI), and zalcitabine (ddC).
		Moreover, tenofovir increased extracellular lactate production by less than 20%, the results indicate, compared with two- to threefold increases by zidovudine and 30% to 50% increases by ddC.
	www.aidsmeds.com /news/20020402scie001.html (376 words)

	The Body: Expanded Access to Tenofovir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Tenofovir, also known as Viread, is a type of anti-HIV drug called a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
		Tenofovir is not a major breakthough -- it is not as potent as, say, the protease inhibitor indinavir (Crixivan).
		Tenofovir will likely be approved for use only in people who have previously used anti-HIV medications.
	www.thebody.com /catie/tenofovir.html (262 words)

	Enrollment Set to Begin in Studies of Tenofovir as Vaccine to Prevent HIV Infection
		Tenofovir is a nucleo tide analog anti-HIV drug developed by Gilead Sciences of Foster City, CA.
		Tenofovir is currently FDA-approved for the treatment of chronic HIV infection in combination with other antiretroviral drugs.
		In part due to tenofovir’s potency against HIV, its ease of administration as a once daily medication and its relatively favorable toxicity and resistance profiles, vaccine researchers have chosen to test the drug as an HIV vaccine candidate.
	www.hivandhepatitis.com /recent/aa/120304_a.html (720 words)

	Tenofovir (Viread) \| The New Mexico Aids Info Net
		Tenofovir was approved as an antiviral drug for people with HIV infection.
		Tenofovir is also available in Truvada, a combination of tenofovir and emtricitabine.
		Tenofovir + Videx EC + either efavireanc or nevirapine in patients new to anti-HIV therapy with high viral loads.
	www.aidsinfonet.org /articles.php?articleID=419 (926 words)

	References
		CONTEXT: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) is a once-daily nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
		Investigator-reported lipodystrophy was less common in the tenofovir DF group compared with the stavudine group (9 [3%] of 299 vs 58 [19%] of 301, P<.001).
		However, tenofovir DF appeared to be associated with better lipid profiles and less lipodystrophy.
	hivinsite.ucsf.edu /InSite-KB-ref.jsp?page=ar-01-04&rf=6 (303 words)

	CD8+-Cell-Mediated Suppression of Virulent Simian Immunodeficiency Virus during Tenofovir Treatment -- Van Rompay et ...
		tenofovir and a lysine-to-arginine mutation at codon 65 in RT (K65R) were the only detectable virus populations (Table 4).
		The reason for the transient spike of viral RNA for animals 33088 and 33091 at 2 and 3 weeks after restarting tenofovir (which was associated with an increase in infectious titer in PBMC) is not clear but may represent transient replication of an immune escape mutant which was subsequently controlled.
		The clinical benefits of tenofovir for simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques are larger than predicted by its effects on standard viral and immunological parameters.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/78/10/5324 (9188 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Tenofovir
		Tenofovir, when used alone or in combination with other antiviral medications, may cause serious damage to the liver and a condition called lactic acidosis.
		Tenofovir is used in combination with other antiviral medications to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
		Tenofovir is not a cure and may not decrease the number of HIV-related illnesses.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a602018.html (684 words)

	tenofovir disoproxil fumarate - references in online news media (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		R) (saquinavir 1000 mg with ritonavir 100 mg twice-daily) has no significant interactions when it is co-administered with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (300 mg...
		Drug Application to the Food and Drug Administration for a fixed-dose, co-formulation of its HIV therapies Viread (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) and Emtriva...
		Gilead's single tablet would contain 300 mg of Viread (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) and 200 mg of Emtriva (emtricitabine).
	www.linkmorgue.org /DRUGS/nov03-nov04/tenofovir_disoproxil_fumarate.html (403 words)

	Update on Tenofovir (PMPA) Compassionate Access Study - AIDS Treatment News
		Our article in issue #330 [ "Tenofovir (PMPA) Compassionate Access Study Opens" ] should have noted that in some cases persons with a CD4 count between 50 and 150 and a recent opportunistic infection can qualify for the current program.
		A small compassionate access study of tenofovir DF, an experimental antiretroviral which is a prodrug of PMPA, has started enrolling patients between 18 and 65 years old.
		[Tenofovir DF is given orally, and changes to PMPA (tenofovir) inside the body; PMPA itself is not being developed as a treatment, because it would have to be administered by injection.]
	www.aids.org /atn/a-331-03.html (260 words)

	Tenofovir may be effective in most HIV-1-positive patients (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Larder, now at Visible Genetics, Cambridge, UK, and colleagues looked at tenofovir DF susceptibilities in over 1000 HIV patients who were antiretroviral-naïve using the Virco Antivirogram assay.
		The researchers found that among treatment-naïve patients, greater than 97.5% of the isolates were susceptible to tenofovir DF at concentrations less than threefold higher than the levels that suppress wild-type virus, according to their report in the April issue of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.
		Varying degrees of resistance to other antiretroviral agents was seen in isolates from treatment-experienced cohort, but "greater than 88% of these 5000 clinical isolates were within the threefold susceptibility range for tenofovir, and greater than 99% exhibited less than 10-fold-reduced susceptibilities to tenofovir," Dr. Larder's team found.
	www.aidsmeds.com /news/20020417drgd002.html (368 words)

	Single-Dose and Steady-State Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected ...
		Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) is a potent nucleotide analog
		prodrug of tenofovir, an acyclic nucleotide analog of AMP with
		Tenofovir DF is converted to tenofovir by serum and tissue esterases.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/48/1/124 (3405 words)

	Tenofovir active against lamivudine-resistant HBV in HIV-infected patients (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Dore's team studied the safety and efficacy of tenofovir DF in 23 HIV/HBV coinfected patients with (n = 12) and without (n = 11) prior ART exposure who were participating in two phase 3 randomized HIV trials.
		The 12 ART-experienced patients were randomized to tenofovir DF or placebo, while the 11 ART-naïve patients were randomized to receive ART regimens that included lamivudine plus tenofovir DF or lamivudine alone as agents against HBV.
		The mean decrease in HBV DNA during tenofovir treatment was similar in patients with wild-type and lamivudine-resistant HBV strains.
	www.aidsmeds.com /news/20040409clin009.html (537 words)

	Tenofovir (Systemic) - MayoClinic.com
		Tenofovir (te-NOE-foe-veer) is used, in combination with other medicines, in the treatment of the infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
		Studies on this medicine have been done only in adult patients, and there is no specific information comparing use of tenofovir in children with use in other age groups.
		Lopinavir and ritonavir—Use of this combination therapy with tenofovir may increase your risk for tenofovir side effects.
	mayoclinic.com /invoke.cfm?objectid=6F1979CD-1F2C-45A9-AAA1232373B47582 (1161 words)

	Assessment of Mitochondrial Toxicity in Human Cells Treated with Tenofovir: Comparison with Other Nucleoside Reverse ...
		Tenofovir disoproxil, a lipophilic oral prodrug of tenofovir,
		Effects of ddC, ddI, and tenofovir on the expression of COX II and COX IV in HepG2 cells.
		Birkus, G., Hajek, M., Kramata, P., Votruba, I., Holy, A., Otova, B. Tenofovir Diphosphate Is a Poor Substrate and a Weak Inhibitor of Rat DNA Polymerases {alpha}, {delta}, and {varepsilon}.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/46/3/716 (5338 words)

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