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Topic: Teosinte

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	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The teosintes are a group of large grasses of the genus Zea found in Mexico, Guatemala and Nicaragua.
		Teosintes are distinguished from maize most obviously by their numerous branches each bearing bunches of distinctive, small female inflorescences.
		In some areas of Mexico, teosintes are regarded by maize farmers as a noxious weed, while in a few areas farmers regard it as a beneficial companion plant, and encourage its introgression into their maize.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=teosinte (778 words)

	Inflorescence development in a new teosinte: Zea nicaraguensis (Poaceae) -- Orr and Sundberg 91 (2): 165 -- American ...
		inflorescences in teosinte populations arise from maize introgression
		in teosinte and polystichous in maize), the Z.
		Iltis H. 1983 From teosinte to maize: the catastrophic sexual transmutation.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/91/2/165 (4348 words)

	[No title]
		Teosinte branched1 (tb1) is a recessive mutant of maize that affects plant architecture and maps to chromosome arm 1L.
		Tillering in teosinte is extreme when the plants are grown at temperate latitudes, apparently in response to the long days of these regions which may prolong the juvenile phase of development during which tillers are formed.
		Thus, while teosinte resembles tb1-ref maize, the extent and nature of the resemblance is dependent on the environment in which the teosinte plants are grown.
	www.agron.missouri.edu /mnl/68/138doebley.html (1055 words)

	Teosinte - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Teosintes are distinguished from maize most obvously by their numerous branches each bearing bunches of distinctive, small female inflorescences.
		Teosinte seed exhibit some resistance to germination but will germinate almost immediately if treated with a dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide.
		In some areas of Mexico, teosintes are regarded by maize farmers as a noxious weed, while in a few areas farmers regard it as a beneficial companion plant, and encourage introgression.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Teosinte (618 words)

	Teosinte -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Teosintes are distinguished from maize most obvously by their numerous branches each bearing bunches of distinctive, small female (The flowering part of a plant or arrangement of flowers on a stalk) inflorescences.
		Teosinte seed exhibit some resistance to germination but will (Click link for more info and facts about germinate) germinate almost immediately if treated with a dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide.
		In some areas of (A Republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810) Mexico, teosintes are regarded by maize farmers as a noxious weed, while in a few areas farmers regard it as a beneficial companion plant, and encourage introgression.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/te/teosinte.htm (719 words)

	Doebley Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Both the main stem and the primary lateral branches of the teosinte plant are tipped by male inflorescences (tassels) while the slender female inflorescences (ears) of teosinte are borne on secondary branches in the axils of the leaves along the primary branches.
		Unlike teosinte, the number of internodes in the lateral branch is greater than the number in the main stalk above the point of attachment of the branch.
		Finally, the lateral branch is terminated by a female inflorescence or ear, which is tightly enclosed within the spirally arranged husks because of the failure of the internodes of the branch to fully elongate.
	www.wisc.edu /teosinte/morphology.htm (948 words)

	Doebley Lab
		Teosinte is the common name for a group of four annual and perennial species of the genus Zea native to Mexico and Central America (Doebley 1990; Sanchez et al.
		Some species of teosinte are distinct from maize both genetically and taxonomically, and they appear not to have played any role in the origin of maize.
		Protected within its casing, the teosinte kernel can survive the digestive tracks of birds and grazing mammals, enabling the seed to be easily dispersed (Wilkes 1967).
	teosinte.wisc.edu /questions.html (785 words)

	edible planet \| roots of our food : corn
		Teosinte shares some common traits with modern corn, but it also has many differences.
		Teosinte stalks each bear several ears, but they are much smaller than modern corn ears.
		Also, mature teosinte grains have a hard cupule and are triangular in shape (Figure 2).
	www.fieldmuseum.org /test/ep/corn_botany3.html (273 words)

	Differences between Teosinte and Maize Ears (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In teosinte the glume covers the seed, while in maize the seed is exposed.
		The maize grain is borne in shallow cupules, while teosinte is embedded in deep cupules in the rachis.
		But, given the issue of teosinte as the ancestor of maize it may case some doubt as to which variety of teosinte is the ancestor.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Hangar/3288/teo.htm (177 words)

	Teosinte (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The the most significant way in which teosinte differs from maize is in its distinctively small female inflorescence, which matures to form a two-ranked 'ear' of between five and ten hard, triangular or trapezoidal fl seeds.
		Teosinte seeds have an indurate, cupulate fruitcase which protects them from the digestive processes of ruminants, which forage on teosinte and aid in seed distribution through their droppings.
		In some areas of Mexico, teosinte is regarded by maize farmers as a noxious weed, while in other areas the farmers regard it as a beneficial companion plant, and encourage introgression.
	www.news-server.org /t/te/teosinte.html (391 words)

	Puzzle of Corn's Origins Coming Together
		Mary Eubanks described the latest evidence that corn, or maize, originated as a cross between teosinte and gamagrass, or Tripsacum, in a talk Friday, April 2, 2004, at a symposium on maize held at the annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology (www.saa.org) in Montreal.
		Eubanks emphasized in an interview that her research has confirmed that teosinte was indeed one of corn's ancestors, and that gamagrass was a critical genetic contributor.
		In her talk, Eubanks displayed examples of her crosses between species of teosinte and gamagrass that exhibit the evolution from the tiny spikes of teosinte seeds to the early versions of corn ears.
	www.dukenews.duke.edu /2004/04/puzzle_0404_print.htm (835 words)

	Teosinte
		Teosinte's new First World standard clinic, built in 1999 with funds donated by a Belgian physician who was so impressed with Elena's dedication when he visited an advanced health promoter class Elena was attending, that he told her he would bui1 a first-class clinic in Teosinte.
		This Clinic has sinks with running water, the only flush toilet in Teosinte, a tile floor that is cleanable, an electric autoclave to sterilize instruments, an exam room with real exam table, a small pharmacy, a small surgical room and a birthing room.
		Elena is very unusua1--she is very selfless, and always serving others, very conscientious, always learning, barely literate as she had no education as a child, very smart, widow of the war and lost three sons to the war.
	www.teosinte.org /inside/wepi_health.htm (304 words)

	Ripopolare Teosinte
		Teosinte è una repoblación dove vivono circa 240 persone, di cui il 50% bambini, che si trova nella Regione di Chalatenango, tra le montagne del Nord del Salvador quasi al confine con l'Honduras.
		La sfida di Teosinte e di gran parte delle altre repoblaciónes è quella di mantenere un'autonomia economica e politica e di favorire un modello di sviluppo in cui la solidarietà, l'uguaglianza dei diritti per tutti siano elementi fondanti ed irrinunciabili.
		Raccontare di Teosinte, dei suoi ideali, delle sue lotte quotidiane ed anche dei suoi problemi e contraddizioni è il modo più coerente per riportare luce ed attenzione su un paese sempre più isolato, inascoltato ed esempio vivente degli squilibri tra il Nord ed il Sud del mondo.
	www.ecn.org /asicuba/teosinte/volantin.htm (933 words)

	Encyclopedia: Teosinte (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The centromere is a region of a eukaryotic chromosome where the kinetochore is assembled.
		A mimic is any species that has evolved to appear similar to another successful species in order to dupe predators into avoiding the mimic, or dupe prey into approaching the mimic.
		An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers on a branch of a plant.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Teosinte (1051 words)

	ScienceCareers.org \| Ancestors of Science - Prehistoric GM Corn: Fedoroff: 1 October 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Teosinte kernels are surrounded by a stone-like fruitcase, assuring their unscathed passage through an animal's digestive tract, which is required for seed dispersal.
		Teosinte produces many long side branches, each topped by a male flower (tassel), and its female flowers (ears) are produced by secondary branches growing off the main branches.
		The answer is that maize most probably arose from teosinte of the subspecies parviglumis in the Balsas River basin of southern Mexico roughly 9000 years ago (9).
	sciencecareers.sciencemag.org /career_development/previous_issues/articles/3290/ancestors_of_science_prehistoric_gm_corn (1519 words)

	Mesoamerica
		Some reject teosinte as the direct ancestor because the very minute female inflorescences ("ears") of teosinte seem unlikely to have been transformed into the huge polystichous maize ears by means of human selection.
		A variant of the Teosinte Theory, which serves to reconcile it with the Wild Maize Hypothesis, is that maize is a hybrid of teosinte and a wild maize ancestor.
		Archaeologists in general are impressed by the statistical soundness of the perennial teosinte's claim as the progenitor of maize and the view is widely (though not unanimously) accepted in the discipline.
	www.unm.edu /~khelton/Anthro220/Mesoagricweb.htm (1979 words)

	A miniature fruit-case type of teosinte as the wild ancestor of the first maize (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The highly fragmented remains of carbonized teosinte fruit cases from the time frame of 8000 to 10,000 years ago could be easily overlooked in the deposited fill or lost in open camp sites.
		Teosinte with tiny 3 mm long fruit cases was found during Beadle's "teosinte-hunt" near the village of Mazatlan in Guerrero in 1971 and then again near El Salada in 1972.
		In contrast, Chalco teosinte which coexists with maize in the Valley of Mexico has long (8.5 mm) thick fruit cases, partly because of its coevolution with the large-kerneled maize, partly to accommodate introgression from maize that carries factors for large kernels and, thirdly, to promote mimicry of corn during early vegetative growth.
	www.maizegdb.org /mnl/53/96galinat.html (419 words)

	Teosinte
		Those who wish to study beyond this must leave Teosinte and go to other communities to study.
		Each students signs a scholarship contract with WEP that stipulates that s/he must maintain a 7.0 grade average on a 10-point scale and give 150 hours/year of service to Teosinte to maintain her/his scholarship.
		This is our most costly project, but also the one that has improved Teosinte's performance on the indices of poverty the most.
	www.teosinte.org /inside/wepi_scholarship.htm (159 words)

	The role of women in the conservation of the genetic resources of maize (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		At this time, two species of teosinte are present in Guatemala: Zea luxurians, which is distributed in eastern Guatemala (Departments of Jutiapa, Jalapa and Chiquimula), and Zea mays subsp.
		Its capacity to hybridise with cultivated maize was amply demonstrated by Wilkes (1977).
		It is therefore not surprising that Huehuetenango, precisely the region where teosinte is found, has been considered the possible centre of origin of maize in Central America.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/005/Y3841E/y3841e15.htm (194 words)

	Job's Tears
		Many botanical authorities believe that all of these amazing varieties were developed from a Mexican grass called teosinte, known as "madre de maíz" in the regions where it grows wild.
		The seed spike of teosinte consists of a single row of grains.
		Grains of some of the earliest known forms of corn, such as teosinte, were hard, thick-shelled popping corns.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /plapr99.htm (2014 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: AFLP-SSR MAPS OF MAIZE X TEOSINTE AND MAIZE X MAIZE: COMPARISON OF MAP LENGTH AND ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the B64 x teosinte population, a total of 338 AFLP and 75 SSR markers were mapped to ten chromosomes, which covered 1402.4 cM of the potential genome.
		Genetic linkage analysis of the molecular markers across the two populations suggests segregation distortion in particular regions of chromosomes 4, 5, and 8 in the B64 x teosinte population and on chromosome 9 in the B64 x Na4 population.
		In addition, genes conferring flooding tolerance in teosinte were confirmed to be associated with chromosomes 4 and 8 in Zea mays ssp.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=176991 (685 words)

	Characterization of teosinte starch. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Teosinte has long been considered the genetic ancestor of contemporary maize.
		This study examined the structure and functionality of teosinte starch as compared to normal maize starch, and the effects of crossbreeding teosinte with BSSS maize.
		Branch chain length distribution, determined with high performance anion exchange chromatography equipped with an enzyme column and a pulsed amperomeric detector, showed that teosinte starch had a slightly higher percentage of short branch chains than normal maize starch.
	www.aaccnet.org /meetings/2001/Abstracts/a01ma257.htm (216 words)

	Technology Summary - WARF: P00005US - Cross-incompatibility Traits from Teosinte and Their Use in Corn
		Teosinte is a wild relative of cultivated maize that is native to Mexico and unable to grow in the United States.
		The inventor has discovered a gene cluster in teosinte that creates a genetic barrier between teosinte and maize - specifically, this gene cluster blocks successful cross-pollination of teosinte by traditional corn varieties.
		They key benefit of this technology is that the cross-incompatibility gene cluster from teosinte will only be used in non-genetically modified (non-GM), conventional corn, where it should block cross-pollination by other varieties, including GM maize.
	www.warf.ws /technologies.jsp?techfield=Agriculture&casecode=P00005US (328 words)

	Putting DNA to Work - Improving Crops - From Teosinte to Corn
		For example, a gene on chromosome #1 causes the ears of corn to be big and to grow on a few short branches.
		In contrast, the ears of teosinte are scattered over many small branches.
		Teosinte kernels have much larger, harder kernel casings that make them hard to eat.
	www.koshland-science-museum.org /exhibitdna/crops02.jsp (180 words)

	Department of Plant Biology - Research - Evans - Project3
		In collaboration with the laboratory of Jerry L. Kermicle (University of Wisconsin-Madison) we are studying factors that prevent the pollination of wild teosinte by domesticated maize.
		The compatibility of maize with its closest relatives, the annual Mexican teosintes, depends on the direction of the cross.
		These circumstances prompted us to undertake study of maize teosinte compatibility with the general, long-term goals of identifying the major genes involved, incorporating them singly into maize lines and there determine their actions (Figure 11).
	carnegiedpb.stanford.edu:8080 /research/evans/research_evans_project3.php (403 words)

	Maize and its relatives
		Teosinte is an ancient and still flourishing grass from Mexico and Guatemala.
		Annual teosinte is proposed to have come from hybridization between maize and another species, while cultivated maize was domesticated from a hypothetical wild maize.
		Their theory was that maize evolved from teosinte via small changes in a small number of genes of large effects.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /courses/plbr604/Corn.htm (1901 words)

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