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Topic: Term logic


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In the News (Sun 29 Nov 09)

  
  Logic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The ambiguity is that "formal logic" is very often used with the alternate meaning of symbolic logic as we have defined it, with informal logic meaning any logical investigation that does not involve symbolic abstraction; it is this sense of 'formal' that is parallel to the received usages coming from "formal languages" or "formal theory".
Logic cut to the heart of computer science as it emerged as a discipline: Alan Turing's work on the Entscheidungsproblem followed from Kurt Gödel's work on the incompleteness theorems, and the notion of general purpose computer that came from this work was of fundamental importance to the designers of the computer machinery in the 1940s.
Relevance logic and paraconsistent logic are the most important approaches here, though the concerns are different: a key consequence of classical logic and some of its rivals, such as intuitionistic logic, is that they respect the principle of explosion, which means that the logic collapses if it is capable of deriving a contradiction.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Logic   (3996 words)

  
 Term logic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Traditional logic, also known as term logic, is a loose term for the logical tradition that originated with Aristotle and survived broadly unchanged until the advent of modern predicate logic in the late nineteenth century.
Term logic dominated logic throughout most of its history until the advent of modern or predicate logic a century ago, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, which led to its eclipse.
Term logic was still part of the curriculum in many Catholic schools until the late part of the twentieth century, and taught in places even today.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Term_logic   (1829 words)

  
 Learn more about Term logic in the online encyclopedia.   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
In term logic, a "proposition" is simply a form of language: a particular kind of sentence, in subject and predicate are combined, so as to assert something true or false.
The essential feature of term logic is that, of the four terms in the two premisses, one must occur twice.
There can only be three terms in the syllogism, since the two terms in the conclusion are already in the premisses, and one term is common to both premisses.
www.onlineencyclopedia.org /t/te/term_logic.html   (2861 words)

  
 CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Logic
Logic is the science and art which so directs the mind in the process of reasoning and subsidiary processes as to enable it to attain clearness, consistency, and validity in those processes.
Transcendental logic (Kant) is the inquiry into human knowledge for the purpose of determining what elements or factors in human thought are a priori, that is, independent of experience.
Nevertheless, the logic of the Schools is an improvement on Aristotelean logic.
www.newadvent.org /cathen/09324a.htm   (5127 words)

  
 Body
Logic, according to this conception, would naturally divide itself into tow parts--a development of those rules to which the intelligence conforms in all acts of correct judgment and reasoning, and a development of those principles by which false judgments may be distinguished from the true.
Logic pertains not at all to the particular objects about which the intelligence is, from time to time, employed, but to the rules or laws in conformity to which it does act, whatever the objects may be.
Logic, as a science, as we have seen, pertains not at all directly to the particular objects about which the thoughts are employed in particular conceptions, judgments, and reasonings, but to the laws of thought itself relating to such objects.
truthinheart.com /EarlyOberlinCD/CD/Mahan/Mahanlog.htm   (15612 words)

  
 Approximating Uncertain Term Logic Using Time-Skewed Hebbian Learning
The Hebbian Logic Network is a unique neural network architecture, in which the relationship between symbolic logic and neural net learning dynamic is fairly simple and clear.
In their formal language, for simple statements term logic requires the subject-predicate form (SàP, some kind of inheritance), where both terms are from the same term space; predicate logic requires the predicate-argument form (P(x,y,z)), where predicates and arguments belong to two separate spaces.
Crisp term logic deals only with propositions that are definitely true or definitely false; uncertain term logic deals with propositions that have non-boolean truth value.
www.goertzel.org /dynapsyc/2003/HebbianLogic03.htm   (5670 words)

  
 Logic   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Logic is the study of the principles of reasoning.
Logic is the art of inference (drawing up a conclusion), especially how to make distinctions between valid, fallacious, and paradoxical arguments.
There are many "laws of logic" (see some at Propositional calculus [W]) but as of the 1900s, which laws apply are dependent upon the system.
www.georgehernandez.com /h/xzMisc/Philosophy/Logic.htm   (1617 words)

  
 [No title]
The problem of inductive logic is to determine the actual truth or falsity of propositions: the problem of deductive logic is to determine their relative truth or falsity, that is to say, given such and such propositions as true, what others will follow from them.
Similarly the term 'unity' denotes a single attribute, admitting of no shades of distinction: but when a writer begins to speak of 'the unities' he is evidently using the word for a class of things of some kind or other, namely, certain dramatical proprieties of composition.
A term is said to be distributed when it is known to be used in its whole extent, that is, with reference to all the things of which it is a name.
www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext04/8ddlg10.txt   (20953 words)

  
 Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (L)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
The term was first used in its modern sense in R. Fisher's "On the "Probable Error" of a Coefficient of Correlation Deduced from a Small Sample", Metron, 1, (1921), 3-32.
The term LITUUS (Latin for the curved wand used by the Roman pagan priests known as augurs) was chosen by Roger Cotes (1682-1716) for the locus of a point moving such that the area of a circular sector remains constant, and it appears in his Harmonia Mensurarum, published posthumously in Cambridge, 1722 [Julio González Cabillón].
In the Middle Ages logic was one of the three sciences composing the ‘trivium’, the former of the two divisions of the seven ‘liberal arts’.
members.aol.com /jeff570/l.html   (6920 words)

  
 English Composition 1: Logical Argument
This page, however, is not complete discussion of logic as a science of reasoning, of different kinds of logic, or of all the different varieties of logical fallacies we humans commit.
Although the goals are different, some familiarity with logic and the structure of well-formed arguments and reasoning can help writers (a) construct valid arguments/reasoning in support of their theses and (b) evaluate and refute invalid arguments/reasoning used to support others' theses.
However, in logic, the term is generally used to refer only to a form of technically incorrect argument, especially if that argument appears to be valid or convincing.
papyr.com /hypertextbooks/comp1/logic.htm   (6650 words)

  
 Gyula Klima: Approaching Natural Language Via Mediaeval Logic
After all, a logical semantics, which is to be a general semantics for all kinds of human languages, should precisely disregard accidental grammatical features of particular natural language expressions, and hence also the delusive grammatical structure of natural language sentences in general.
For a value, that is, a suppositum of a term in a proposition, according to the mediaevals, is a thing of which, when pointed at, the term is truly predicable by means of the copula of the proposition.
The addition ‘by reason of their meaning’ in the characterization of singular vs. common terms is needed for the reason that it may well be the case that a proper noun is predicated of many, but only when used equivocally, being imposed upon different persons.
www.fordham.edu /gsas/phil/klima/NLN.htm   (7427 words)

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