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	Definition of terpene - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "terpene" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "terpene" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "terpene" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=terpene (75 words)

	Terpene Violin Varnish and Propolis Soap--Used as a Ground for Violin Varnish
		Terpene Violin Varnish and Propolis Soap--Used as a Ground for Violin Varnish
		He is well known for innovative and sometimes controversial ideas such as terpene varnish, plate bending, and the glazing method of finishing.
		The turpentine varnish is made by cooking the terpene resin with the linseed oil.
	www.scavm.com /Fulton.htm (2588 words)

	Fact Sheet: Terpene Cleaners Used for Industrial Cleaning (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Terpenes are extracted by pressing and distillation of the feed stock.
		Terpenes are often discharged to sewers, but the biological and chemical oxygen demands (BOD/COD) are exceptionally high, possibly leading to sewer surcharges.
		Terpenes also have a very high BTU value as a fuel source, so incineration as waste oil is an option.
	es.epa.gov /techinfo/facts/florida/terpclfs.html (1313 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Terpene : Article by John Said Kashani, DO
		Terpenes may exist as hydrocarbons or have oxygen-containing compounds such as ketone or aldehyde groups (terpenoids).
		The basic structure of terpenes are repeating isoprene units (C5H8)n, and they are grouped according to the number of repeating isoprene units.
		Terpenes are metabolized through cytochrome P450 and are excreted as conjugated metabolites by the kidney.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic572.htm (1868 words)

	Iontophoretic Transdermal Delivery of Buspirone Hydrochloride in Hairless Mouse Skin
		Terpene enhancers were incorporated to enhance the effect of iontophoresis and to decrease the load of each enhancement technique.
		Terpenes are naturally occurring volatile oils that exhibit good toxicological profiles, high percutaneous enhancement abilities, and low cutaneous irritancy at low concentrations (1%-5%).
		Polar terpenes were shown to be more effective in enhancing the permeation of polar drugs, while nonpolar terpenes were more effective in enhancing the permeation of lipophilic drugs.
	www.aapspharmsci.org /view.asp?art=ps050214 (4741 words)

	terpene toxicity
		Terpenes are among the most widely distributed secondary compounds in plants.
		Terpenes are often major ingredients in so-called "essential oils" produced by plants.
		To explore whether these compounds are potentially autotoxic, we tested a variety of terpenes present in foliage of three species of plants--wild parsnip, rough lemon, and parsley.
	www.life.uiuc.edu /berenbaum/terpene.htm (400 words)

	Institute of Plant Biochemistry Halle (Saale) - Germany
		Terpenes are the largest group of plant secondary compounds, comprising about 30,000 structures that play numerous roles in primary metabolism and ecological interactions.
		Terpene synthases employ an electrophilic reaction mechanism that is able to form the large diversity of terpene products.
		In all plant species studied so far, terpene synthases are encoded by a large family of genes that share a common evolutionary origin and evolved to form complex terpene blends.
	www.ipb-halle.de /dfg/dfg-spp-1152/homepage/degenhard.htm (558 words)

	Terpene Summary
		Terpenes are a large and varied class of hydrocarbons, produced primarily by a wide variety of plants, particularly conifers, though also by some insects such as swallowtail butterflies, which emit terpenes from their osmeterium.
		When terpenes are modified chemically, such as by oxidation or rearrangement of the carbon skeleton, the resulting compounds are generally referred to as terpenoids.
		Terpenes and terpenoids are the primary constituents of the essential oils of many types of plants and flowers.
	www.bookrags.com /Terpene (904 words)

	Alternative-Doctor Home Page
		We call these compounds terpenes and the potential number of them is probably almost infinite; certainly there are more of them than of any other plant or animal product.
		Terpenes are characteristically plant products and are well-known as components of many essential oils.
		Terpene solutions to be used in testing can be made from all growing plants.
	www.alternative-doctor.com /allergydotcom/terpenes.htm (509 words)

	Process for cleaning articles with an aqueous solution of terpene and recycle water after separation - Patent 5271773
		The concentration of terpene in the present composition depends upon the particular application and generally is effective to obtain acceptable cleaning levels of contaminants from articles, as well as, in combination with surfactants in the composition, to obtain acceptable separation as discussed in more detail below.
		The surfactants are used in conjunction with the terpene to facilitate rapid wetting of the surface of the article and for emulsification of organic components with water.
		This ratio is a measure of the stability of the terpene and water emulsion in the aqueous solution and the ability of the aqueous solution to allow contaminants to separate after cleaning.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5271773.html (4692 words)

	Terpenes - General Information
		Terpenes are derived from natural sources such as citrus and pine oils.
		Terpenes are generally not aggressive toward metals and most plastics or polymers.
		Terpenes work at low temperatures; it may not be necessary to heat the cleaning bath.
	sage.rti.org /alt.cfm?id=tp&cat=gi (479 words)

	Genomic Organization of Plant Terpene Synthases and Molecular Evolutionary Implications -- Trapp and Croteau 158 (2): ...
		Conifer terpene synthases were isolated and sequenced to determine genomic structure; all other terpene synthase sequences were obtained from public databases or by personal communication (see Table 1).
		Class III terpene synthases, consisting of all angiosperm terpene synthases of secondary metabolism, are highlighted in A and B by shaded ovals.
		genes to microbial terpene synthase genes and to the mechanistically
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/158/2/811 (7947 words)

	What is Terpene? < Company Information < YASUHARA CHEMICAL Co., Ltd.
		Terpenes are materials produced by plants.Terpenes have the chemical structure of multiples of isoprene (C5H8) molecules.
		Terpenes are important materials for a plant as components of its body and as a material to protect it from external enemies.
		Some terpenes are listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia and are used for clinical purposes or for disinfection of medical facilities and equipment.
	www.yschem.co.jp /english/company/terpene.html (280 words)

	Terpene Resins Market Study Report / Reports - European Adhesives Industry
		The raw material, terpenic resins, or polyterpenes, are the group of glass-like oligomers based on natural product sourced feedstocks such as alpha and beta pinene, di-pentene, di-limonene and di-carene.
		The beta pinene-based terpene resins are generally recognized as having better tack promotion compared to their alpha pinene counterparts.
		Terpene phenolics are used as tackifiers for rubber, such as neoprene and thermoplastic polymers such as EVA.
	www.chemquest.com /store/terpene-resins-european-adhesives.html (491 words)

	Mixtures of one or more t-mercapto terpene isomers and .alpha.-terpineol, .beta.-phenylethyl alcohol, ...
		Thus, the mixture of mercapto terpenes and one or more oxohydrocarbon derivatives can be used to alter, augment or enhance the aroma characteristics of a perfume composition, for example, by utilizing or moderating the olfactory reaction contributed by one or more other ingredients in the composition.
		The amount of mixture of mercapto terpene and one or more of the oxohydrocarbon derivatives of our invention which will be effective in the perfume composition depends on many factors including the other ingredients, their amounts and the effects which are desired.
		In those instances wherein the mixtures of mercapto terpenes and oxohydrocarbon derivatives are added to the foodstuff as an integral component of a flavoring composition, it is, of course, essential that the total quantity of flavoring composition employed be sufficient to yield an effective mercapto terpene-oxohydrocarbon derivative concentration in the foodstuff product.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4620945.html (7136 words)

	Molecular scaffolds for chemical wizardry: Learning nature's rules for terpene cyclases -- Greenhagen and Chappell 98 ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		All terpenes are derived from allylic diphosphates, which are polymers of repeating isopentyl units (IPP) put together by the action of prenyltransferases.
		Monoterpenes are derived from the C10 precursor geranyl diphosphate (GPP), sesquiterpenes from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), and diterpenes from geranylgeranyldiphosphate (GGPP) by the action of terpene synthases or cyclases.
		Overall, the conservation of the terpene fold in all these very different terpene biosynthetic enzymes is and is not surprising.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/24/13479 (1894 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Terpene emissions for the forest were estimated using the site-specific emission factors in the Guenther emission algorithm incorporated into the ACASA model.
		It is also true that when the terpene emissions are highest, the net carbon exchange was positive and relatively large as shown in terms of the daily integrated fluxes of terpenes and carbon in Figure 8.
		This analysis indicates that terpenes are a small, but measurable fraction of the net carbon exchange and that at times when the net exchange is very small, the terpene flux is a significant part of carbon flow to the atmosphere.
	nigec.ucdavis.edu /publications/ar/annual2000/westgec/Lamb (3810 words)

	Seiichi P.T. Matsuda \| Department of Chemistry \| Rice University
		We are cloning and characterizing genes encoding terpene cyclases and terpene oxidases, which catalyze terpene biosynthesis.
		Terpene synthases catalyze spectacular reactions, such as the conversion of epoxysqualene to cycloartenol.
		We are modifying terpene biosynthetic genes to produce catalysts that make novel natural products.
	cohesion.rice.edu /naturalsciences/chemistry/FacultyDetail.cfm?RiceID=208 (489 words)

	Cosmetic fragrances inventory by chemical name: T
		Terpenes and Terpenoids, limonene fraction A complex combination of terpenes derived from oil of turpentine or citrus oils by fractionationor isomerization of other terpene fractions.
		Turpentine, oil * Any of the volatile predominately terpenic fractions or distillates resulting from the solvent extraction of, gum collection from, or pulping of softwoods.
		Composed primarily of the C10H16 terpene hydrocarbons: a - pinene, b - pinene, limonene, 3 - carene, camphene.
	www.fpinva.org /Composition/EU.fragalft.htm (863 words)

	Terpene synthase (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although a good deal is known about how the chemical building blocks in a terpene are assembled, scientists have been at a loss to describe in three dimensions the structure of the enzymes which make the terpenes.
		Examples of common terpenes are pine resins and the essential oils of myrrh, rosemary and thyme.
		By offering useful clues as to how terpenes actually are made, the findings provide the groundwork for understanding how to regulate the creation of cholesterol in the body.
	www.brown.edu /Administration/George_Street_Journal/v22/v22n4/terpene.html (511 words)

	Induction of Volatile Terpene Biosynthesis and Diurnal Emission by Methyl Jasmonate in Foliage of Norway Spruce -- ...
		Induction of Volatile Terpene Biosynthesis and Diurnal Emission by Methyl Jasmonate in Foliage of Norway Spruce -- Martin et al.
		The volatilization of terpenes from Norway spruce saplings in
		Degenhardt J, Gershenzon J (2000) Demonstration and characterization of (E)-nerolidol synthase from maize: a herbivore-inducible terpene synthase participating in (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene biosynthesis.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/132/3/1586 (6610 words)

	BioMatNet Item: QLK3-2002-01930 - Investigation of biochemical and genetical diversity of terpenoid biosynthesis for ...
		Abstract Terpene synthases are responsible for a key biosynthetic step in the formation of many mono- and sesquiterpenes produced by aromatic plants that are valuable in medicine, in food and in the cosmetic industry.
		The terpene synthase genes of three species will be cloned and expressed, the encoded enzymes characterised and the role of these catalysts in producing diverse terpene profiles investigated.
		Structural elucidation of related terpene synthase genes will be carried out by a combination of modelling, based on a comparison of sequence information with the few known terpene synthase structures and experiment, involving crystallisation of purified terpene synthases, their use to diffract X-rays, construction of electron density maps, etc.
	www.biomatnet.org /secure/FP5/S1703.htm (706 words)

	Search Results for "Terpene"
		...A colorless crystalline terpene, C10H16, used in the manufacture of synthetic camphor and insecticides.
		Perhaps from tri- + am(yl) + cin(ene), a terpene (cin(eole) + -ene) + (prednis)olone....
		Stevioside, which is 300 times as sweet as sucrose, is a terpene derivative and is available in several countries....
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Terpene (172 words)

	Dispersions, Rosin Tackifiers, Terpene Resin Tackifiers (Sylvares, Sylvalite, Aquatac, Unitac, Sylvatac, Sylvagum)
		This thermoplastic terpene phenolic resin has a high terpene level which exhibits excellent tackifying, flexibility, and compatibility properties for use in numerous polymers for adhesives.
		This thermoplastic terpene phenolic resin is designed to tackifier hot melt adhesives to provide improved adhesion, flexibility, and thermal stability properties for EVA based systems.
		A high softening point terpene phenol resin designed to provide excellent compatibility and solubility in a wide range of applications which use rubber, elastomers or plastics.
	www.thecarycompany.com /products/ArizonaChemical.html (999 words)

	Keasling
		coli, we have recruited genes from several organisms for complete reconstruction of the terpene biosynthetic pathways and have evolved sesquiterpene genes to increase the diversity of terpene olefins produced by this organism.
		The genes encoding the mevalonate-dependent isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) biosynthetic pathway from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were cloned into operons and integrated into the chromosome, and their expression was optimized using laboratory evolution and promoter control to maximize the flux through the pathway.
		To sample the potential terpene diversity produced from terpene cyclases, we constructed point mutation and chimeric libraries of cyclase genes and screened these libraries for the presence of sesquiterpenes.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~nman/FRONTIERS/Keasling.html (312 words)

	Cosmetic fragrances inventory by chemical name: S
		Extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes, essential oils, oleoresins, terpenes, terpene - free fractions, distillates, residues, etc., obtained from Salvia officinalis lavandulifolia, Labiatae.
		Extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes, essential oils, oleoresins, terpenes, terpene - free fractions, distillates, residues, etc., obtained from Mentha spicata crispa, Labiatae.
		It is a product which may contain resin acids and their esters, terpenes, and oxidation or polymerization products of these terpenes.
	www.fpinva.org /Composition/EU.fragalfs.htm (538 words)

	97-017 (Terpene Synthase) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		PROVIDENCE, R.I. -- Scientists have described the three-dimensional structure and inner workings of a terpene synthase, a type of protein that synthesizes a naturally occurring class of complex compounds whose members range from the essential oils of herbs, incense and perfumes to the well-known substance cholesterol.
		By describing a terpene synthase in three dimensions and offering useful clues as to how it operates, the findings provide the groundwork for understanding how to regulate creation of cholesterol in the body.
		Other common terpenes include pine resins and the essential oils of myrrh, rosemary and thyme.
	www.brown.edu /Administration/News_Bureau/1997-98/97-017.html (502 words)

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