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Topic: Testimonium Flavianum

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Historicity of Jesus Christ

Antiquities of the Jews

Jewish Antiquities

Josephus

Loeb Classical Library

	Josephus on Jesus: Testimonium Flavianum
		The one directly concerning Jesus has come to be known as the Testimonium Flavianum, and its authenticity has been disputed since the 17th century.
		Twentieth century controversy over the Testimonium Flavianum can be distinguished from controversy over the text in the early modern period insofar as it seems generally more academic and less sectarian.
		Goldberg, G. The Coincidences of the Emmaus Narrative of Luke and the Testimonium of Josephus.
	www.bible-study-online.juliantrubin.com /encyclopedia/bible/josephus_on_jesus.html (1344 words)

	Rameus On the Testimonium Flavianum
		The next problem with the Testimonium Flavianum is that NONE of the early Christian apologists quote from it.
		The first person to quote the Testimonium Flavianum was the Christian Bishop of Caesarea, Eusebius in the 4th century.
		The first Catholic authority to condemn the Eusebius reference to the Testimonium Flavianum as a forgery was Bishop Warburton of Gloucester (circa 1770).
	www.strongatheism.net /library/atheology/rameus_on_testimonium_flavianum (1851 words)

	Jospehus interpolation, Jesus
		Moreover, she ignores the confessional character of the remaining parts of the Testimonium found in the eastern Semitic sources and makes an assumption of the authenticity of the James passage which, however, could have been interpolated very early in the second century.
		Whealey argued that the Testimonium Flavianum originally contained the _expression "he was believed to be Christ" in the Josephus text and in the Eusebius transcriptions in his Ecclesiastical History.
		Citations of the Testimonium in Syriac sources points to the existence of a skeptical variant before the time of Theophilus of Edessa in the eighth century (or James of Edessa in the sixth century).
	skeptically.org /bible/id12.html (10418 words)

	Jesus in Josephus: A Modest Proposal
		Another curiosity in the core of the Testimonium is the concluding statement that "to this day the tribe of Christians...has not died out." The use of phylon (tribe, nation, people) for Christians is not necessarily demeaning or pejorative.
		Dornseiff maintains that the received Testimonium Flavianum in the Greek manuscripts of Josephus is entirely authentic, yet Josephus remained a Jew, not a Christian.
		When we consider the number of words and constructions in the core of the Testimonium that are not found in the NT, the total agreement of the interpolations with the vocabulary of the NT is striking.
	artfuljesus.0catch.com /meier2.html (12354 words)

	Hypotyposeis: The Testimonium Flavianum Series
		Olson, âEusebius and the Testimonium Flavianumâ (Oct. 20, 2003)
		Andrew Criddle, Origen and the Testimonium Flavianum (Oct. 15, 2006)
		Ken Olson, Kicking off: The Testimonium et al.
	www.hypotyposeis.org /weblog/2006/07/testimonium-flavianum-series.html (167 words)

	Ebon Musings: Choking on the Camel
		No one argues other than that the Testimonium Flavianum is, at least in part, a forgery, a later interpolation into Josephus' work.
		The first Christian who quoted the Testimonium was Eusebius, in the fourth century; some scholars believe that he was the one who forged it.
		This passage is not as obviously a forgery as the Testimonium Flavianum.
	www.ebonmusings.org /atheism/camel2.html (4865 words)

	Planet Preterist
		It is to the belief of the Church in the miraculous inspiration of this second Balaam that we owe the preservation not only of the Testimonium Flavianum but perhaps of the writings of Josephus as a whole.
		The oldest printed attack on the Testimonium is from the pen of the Lutheran theologian Lucas Osiander, who was born at Nuremberg in 1535, and who in his later life filled quite a number of Protestant ecclesiastical posts.
		The speculation is that originally the Testimonium did describe a 'tumult', and it was hostile to Jesus; therefore it was censored.
	www.planetpreterist.com /ency-term-65.html (2296 words)

	Josephus on Jesus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In his surviving works Origen fails to mention the Testimonium Flavianum, even though he does mention the less significant reference by Josephus to Jesus as brother of James, which occurs later in Antiquities of the Jews (xx.9), and also other passages from Antiquities such as the passage about John the Baptist.
		Olson argues that the specific wording of the Testimonium is suspiciously closely related to the argument Eusebius makes in his Demonstratio, in particular that Jesus is a "wise man" and not a "wizard", as shown by the fact that his followers did not desert him even after he was crucified.
		One of the earliest ecclesiastical authorities to condemn the Testimonium Flavianum as a forgery was Bishop Warburton of Gloucester (circa 1770).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Testimonium_Flavianum (2854 words)

	Historicity of Jesus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		This passage is called the Testimonium Flavianum, and is sometimes cited by propagandists as independent confirmation of Jesus’ existence and resurrection.
		The Testimonium Flavianium preserved in the extant Greek is not the original text.
		However, this is not at all certain, and unlike Josephus’s Testimonium Flavianum, no clear evidence of textual tampering exists.
	members.tripod.com /ApocryphalText/Jesus.HistRef.htm (2567 words)

	TBK - The Jesus Forgery: Josephus Unveiled
		Despite the best wishes of sincere believers and the erroneous claims of truculent apologists, the Testimonium Flavianum has been demonstrated continually over the centuries to be a forgery, likely interpolated by Catholic Church historian Eusebius in the fourth century.
		Indeed, the TF was rarely mentioned, except to note that it was a forgery, and numerous books by a variety of authorities over a period of 200 or so years basically took it for granted that the Testimonium Flavianum in its entirety was spurious, an interpolation and a forgery.
		When the earliest Greek texts are analyzed, it is obvious that the Testimonium Flavianum interrupts the flow of the primary material and that the style of the language is different from that of Josephus.
	www.truthbeknown.com /josephus.htm (3784 words)

	biblicalia » Josephus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Chris over at Thoughts on Antiquity brings up some questions concerning the Testimonium Flavianum in his The Quest for the Historical Jesus, pt.
		The 10th century Arabic version of the Testimonium, preserved in the Book of the Title of Agapius of Hierapolis/Mabbug, is clearly more along the line of a paraphrase than a translation of Josephus on the part of Agapius.
		Overall, the changes in order, and thereby emphasis, of the elements of the Testimonium as found in Agapius in comparison to the typical text clearly indicates some textual reworking going on in his use of the text.
	www.bombaxo.com /blog/?cat=21 (536 words)

	Testimonium Flavianum
		Feldman noted that 4 scholars regarded the Testimonium Flavianum as entirely genuine, 6 as mostly genuine, 20 accept it with some interpolations, 9 with several interpolations, and 13 regard it as being totally an interpolation.
		It is sometimes argued that the phrase "to this day" at the end of the passage indicates the perspective of a writer who was writing long after the events in question and that Josephus was too close in time to make it believable that he would have used the expression.
		However, the real difficulty is not that the content of the Testimonium is only tangentially related to the surrounding content; the real difficulty is the way that Josephus begins the subsequent paragraph with a reference to "another outrage," a reference that skips over the Testimonium entirely and points to the previous section.
	www.earlychristianwritings.com /testimonium.html (10786 words)

	do we find christian censorship in josephus?
		Above we saw the Testimonium Flavianum where all the words in ALL CAPS are likely interpolations added by Christian copyists over the centuries in an attempt to make Josephus support faith in Jesus as the Christ.
		Jerome quoted from the Testimonium Flavianum as saying "he was believed to be the Messiah," rather than "he was the Messiah." This has led many scholars to believe that Jerome knew of another, perhaps older version of the Testimonium Flavianum that read differently and lacked the "tweeked" parts of the passage.
		It is this version of the Testimonium, not the Arabic paraphrase of it, that has the greatest likelihood of being, at least in some ways, more authentic than the textus receptus Testimonium because, as noted earlier, this version of the text agrees with Jerome's Latin version of the text in the same crucial regard.
	firstnewtestament.netfirms.com /do_we_find_cx_censorship_josephus.htm (5349 words)

	Goldberg and Carlson on the Testimonium Flavianum.
		And the literature on the Testimonium is immense.
		intriguing hypothesis of the interrelationship of the Testimonium to a passage in the gospel of Luke.
		Goldberg argues that both the Testimonium and Luke 24.18-21, 25-27, a split passage from the story of the road to Emmaus, go back to a common creedal source amongst the early Christians, and he demonstrates the relationship in synoptic tabular fashion.
	www.textexcavation.com /goldbergcarlsontestimonium.html (4614 words)

	Jesus Puzzle: Chapter 21
		Indeed, many key words and phrases in the Testimonium are either absent from the NT or are used there in an entirely different sense; in contrast almost every word in the core of Testimonium is found elsewhere in Josephus—in fact, most of the vocabulary turns out to be characteristic of Josephus” (AMJRTHJ:62-63).
		However, one might ask whether the Testimonium should be considered digressional material, since it continues with the theme of Pilate’s activities and about various woes which befall the Jews.
		Origen’s text of the Testimonium lacked the interpolations; and, without them, the Testimonium simply testified, in Christian eyes, to Josephus’ unbelief—not exactly a useful apologetic tool in addressing pagans or a useful polemical tool in christological controversies among Christians.” (AMJRTHJ:79).
	www.preventingtruthdecay.org /21jp.shtml (1758 words)

	Jesus Never Existed? by Bill Barnwell
		The citation from Josephus is controversial because in one passage known as the "Testimonium Flavianum" (Ant.
		Even aside from the Testimonium Flavianum, there is still another reference to the historical Jesus from Josephus found in Antiquities 20.9.1 which references the trial of James, the brother of Jesus who was the leader of the early Jerusalem church.
		The "Jesus Never Existed" crowd would like for you to believe that these citations were all Christian corruptions, but aside from the controversial lines of the Testimonium Flavianum which I have omitted, the majority of scholars do not question the authenticity of these references.
	www.lewrockwell.com /barnwell/barnwell57.html (1902 words)

	World Association of International Studies » Blog Archive » Re:Flavius Josephus (Testimonium Flavianum)
		She replies: I think the “Testimonium Flavianum” is largely authentic.
		But I must add that I do not think that the Testimonium is nearly as significant historically as Josephus’; passages about John the Baptist and James the brother of Jesus, passages whose authenticity, unlike the Testamonium, is not in serious doubt.
		But it is surely Josephus (or any other alleged author of the Testimonium) that has mistakenly projected the “many” Greek followers of his own day onto Jesus’ ministry, rather than the gospels that are wrong on this point.
	cgi.stanford.edu /group/wais/cgi-bin/index.php?p=1587 (730 words)

	Testimonium Flavianum - Wikipedia
		La maggioranza degli studiosi ritiene che il "Testimonium Flavianum" non sia completamente falso, ma è difficile stabilire con certezza l'originale.
		Twentieth century controversy over the Testimonium Flavianum can be distinguished from controversy over the text in the early modern period insofar as it seems generally more academic and less sectarian.
		Scholarship on the Testimonium Flavianum down the centuries.
	it.wikipedia.org /wiki/Testimonium_Flavianum (1524 words)

	Nonbiblical references to Jesus - SkepticWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Agapius' actual source is not extant, so it is hard to tell if he is quoting a translation of the original text without the interpolations, or if he is quoting from a text with interpolations but is careful to take the interpolations with a grain of salt.
		Darrell Doughty dissents from the scholarly consensus that this passage is authentic, and he objected that the Christian interpolator used such disparaging terms for the sake of verisimilitude.
		Yet the Christian who tampered with the Testimonium Flavianum in Josephus' Antiquities (or inserted it altogether) was not so concerned with verisimilitude that he allowed Jesus to be described in disparaging terms.
	www.skepticwiki.org /wiki/index.php/Nonbiblical_references_to_Jesus (1700 words)

	Josephus
		The name is mandatory in Josephus, however, because the Testimonium passage occurs in Josephus' section on the actions of Pilate as procurator of Judea.
		The results are revealing: Luke's Emmaus passage and the Testimonium are the only two texts using the resurrection third day as object of a verb in all of ancient Christian literature.
		The table presents parallel comparison of the Testimonium Flavianum, the description of Jesus appearing in Josephus' Jewish Antiquities, with Luke's description of Jesus found in the Emmaus narrative of Chapter 24.
	homepages.which.net /~radical.faith/background/josephusonjesus.htm (6669 words)

	Josephus Unbound
		The same would be true of the Testimonium Flavianum in chapter 18, even if the latter, being longer and with more elements, occasionally exhibits some small variance.
		The words and their context give the impression that it was due to “an accusation made by men of the highest standing among us,” the execution of a wise and loved man, a teacher of truth who was obviously innocent—a Gospel image if there ever was one.
		Silence on the Testimonium by the Church Fathers - The silence on the Testimonium by all before Eusebius cannot be adequately explained, since even its so-called neutral content would have been appealing and useful to the apologists.
	www.jesuspuzzle.humanists.net /supp10.htm (15686 words)

	Did Josephus Refer to Jesus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		This passage is known as the Testimonium Flavianum referred to hereafter as the "TF".
		As Professor Meier notes, "the Testimonium is present in all the Greek manuscripts and in all the numerous manuscripts of the Latin translation." (Meier, op.
		If my reconstruction is correct, while the Testimonium gives a fairly objective, brief account of Jesus' career, nothing is said about Christian's belief that Jesus rose from the dead--and that after all, was the central affirmation of faith that held the various Christian groups together during the 1st century (cf.
	www.bede.org.uk /Josephus.htm (13390 words)

	Josephus' Account of Jesus: The Testimonium Flavianum
		A vast literature was produced over the centuries debating the authenticity of the "Testimonium Flavianum", the Testimony of Flavius Josephus.
		In 1995 a discovery was published that brought important new evidence to the debate over the Testimonium Flavianum.
		Reference: "The Coincidences of the Testimonium of Josephus and the Emmaus Narrative of Luke", G. Goldberg,
	members.aol.com /FLJOSEPHUS/testimonium.htm (649 words)

	Jesus.Com.Au - Library - Documents - Josephus: On Jesus, Herod, John the Baptist
		Now there was about this time Jesus, a wise man, if it be lawful to call him a man; for he was a doer of wonderful works, a teacher of such men as receive the truth with pleasure.
		It has been questioned whether Josephus, considering his other opinions, would have called Jesus 'The Christ', or whether that was later added by a copyist.
		As Bruce has suggested, the primary value of the passage is to establish Jesus' existence and confirm some of the broad biblical outlines of his life.
	jesus.com.au /library/documents/josephus.php (2598 words)

	Josephus and Jesus Christ
		This famous paragraph is known as the “Testimonium Flavianum” in Latin, or “The Testimony of Flavius.” This reprint is from “The New Complete Works of Josephus”, translated by William Whiston, with commentary by Paul L. Maier.
		I think that the Testimonium Flavianum is 100% authentic from the hand of Josephus himself.
		The statements and context of the TF are consistent with the mind of a historian who is reporting a story that he heard or read from a Christian source.
	www.theistic-evolution.com /josephus.html (4163 words)

	The Life of Christ
		The second reference, however, known as the Testimonium Flavianum, carries a little more historical weight.
		According to Josephus, in AD 62 Ananus, the newly appointed high priest, was abruptly removed from office because he illegally "covened the court of the Sanhednn, and brought before them the brother of Jesus the so-called Messiah, who was called James, and some other men, whom he accused of having broken the law.
		According to some scholars, calling Jesus "the so-called Messiah," without any editorial explanation for his Gentiles readers, assumes a measure of literary dependence on the earlier Testimonium Flavianum for essential background information.
	www.highlandpc.com /articles/lifeofjc.php (2471 words)

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