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Topic: Testudines

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Turtle

Cheloniidae

Chelydridae

Snapping turtle

Dermatemydidae

Emydoidea blandingii

Cryptodira

Emydidae

Leatherback Sea Turtle

Testudinidae

Anapsid

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Reptile

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	ADW: Testudines: Information
		Reptiles are traditionally classified according to the pattern of fenestration in the temporal region of the skull, and turtles are placed in the subclass Anapsida because they lack fenestration.
		Three important differences between Proganochelys and modern turtles are the presence of the palatal teeth (lost in modern species), the inability to retract the head within the shell, and the lack of a trochlear pulley in the jaw closing anatomy.
		Modern turtles are placed into one of two suborders within the Testudines -- Peurodira (side-necked) and Cryptodira (hidden neck).
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /site/accounts/information/Testudines.html (523 words)

	Turtle: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Turtle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		All living turtles are members of the the order Chelonia, as well as the superorder Testudines, which includes both living and extinct varieties of turtle.
		There are two major groups of turtles: sea turtles, which grow to large sizes and live in the oceans in the temperate and tropical regions of the earth, and fresh-water turtles.
		Most of the anapsids became extinct in the late Permian period, with the exception of the procolophonoids[?] and the precursors of the testudines (turtles).
	www.encyclopedian.com /tu/Turtle.html (461 words)

	rep_test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Testudines are the only member of the phylum Chordata that have a hard shell to protect their body.
		Testudines fertilize internally by means of a penis and lay their eggs in a nest.
		Because testudines have no teeth, it is necessary for them to have a very sharp jaw, almost like a beak, to provide a cutting surface.
	teen3.teen.k12.ks.us /usd487/teachers/coover/science2/Reptilia/rep_test.html (257 words)

	Testudines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Testudines is the order of reptiles containing all turtles.
		Testudines are anapsids, that is, their skulls lack temporal openings, and they are classified by cladists in the taxon Anapsida.
		All other extant amniotes have temporal openings (although in mammals the hole is obscured).
	www.theezine.net /t/testudines.html (97 words)

	Testudines
		The earliest fossils are from the beginning of the age of dinosaurs, in the late Triassic.
		The Testudines reached its greatest diversity by the end of the Cretaceous.
		The UC Museum of Paleontology also has phylogenetic information concerning Testudines, as well as a listing of other Internet sites- Internet Turtle Resources.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Testudines&contgroup=Amniota (3960 words)

	Turtle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The order of Testudines includes both extant (living) and extinct species.
		Most anapsids became extinct in the late Permian period, except procolophonoids and possibly the precursors of the testudines (turtles).
		However, it was recently suggested that the Anapsid-like turtle skull may be due to convergent evolution rather than to anapsid descent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turtle (957 words)

	Turtle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The order of Testudines includes both extant (living) and extinct varieties.
		Most of the anapsids became extinct in the late Permian period, with the exception of the and the precursors of the testudines (turtles).
		However, it has recently been suggested that the anapsid condition of the turtle skull may not be a primitive character reflecting anapsid descent, but rather a case of convergent evolution.
	www.southhouston.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Turtle (882 words)

	Journal of Paleontology: DEVELOPING A PROTOCOL FOR THE CONVERSION OF RANK-BASED TAXON NAMES TO PHYLOGENETICALLY DEFINED ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The first formal use of the word Testudines as a taxon name can be found in Batsch (1788).
		'Testudines' is also used in Linnaeus (1758), but as Bour and Dubois (1985) correctly noted, that should not be considered a formal name, because it only represents the correct grammatical declination (nominative plural) of Linnaeus's 'Testudo' as required by Latin grammar.
		Therefore, the first formal use of Testudines Batsch, 1788 postdates the first formal use of Testudinata Klein, 1760 by more than a quarter century.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_200409/ai_n9448252/pg_8 (1070 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates : 200.300 Anapsida : Testudines
		Such a dermal armor is characteristic of ancient pareiasaurs that are closely related to Testudines.
		On the basis of this fact it has been assumed that the turtle shell is built up as the fusion of the osteoderms with some elements of the internal skeleton.
		Testudines: Many workers prefer "Chelonia" for the stem group, reserving "Testudines" for the crown group (LCA extant turtles).
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/Unit200/300.html (1359 words)

	Testudines (Turtles & Tortoises)
		The order Testudines contains 244 species of turtles and tortoises that can be found on all continents except Antarctica and in all oceans.
		The shell of a turtle is very unique to the order Testudines.
		It is made of 59-61 bones that form an armor of protection.
	www.thebigzoo.com /zoo/Testudines.asp (60 words)

	A Taxonomic Reevaluation of Phrynops (Testudines: Chelidae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Noticing clear differences between the South American side-necked species in the genus Emys and their congeners, the Australian side-necked turtles, Fitzinger (1826), advised by Oppel, erected the new genus Chelodina for the Australian forms, with Emys longicollis of eastern Australia as the generotype.
		Largely through the work of Hunt (1958), it is known that in 1758 Linnaeus first used the term "Testudines" but only at a generic level referring to the plural form of Testudo (Bour and Dubois 1984).
		Gaffney and Meylan (1988) elaborated upon Gray's (1831a) definition of Testudinata to include that the post parietals are absent, lacrimal bone small or absent, teeth replaced by horny triturating surfaces, parietal (pineal) opening usually absent, stapes solid and rod-like, and postfrontal absent.
	rbt.ots.ac.cr /revistas/49-2/mccord/mccord.htm (11005 words)

	Risk Assessment: Version 1.0 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		With these questions, a data matrix was created with herpetofaunal species (common and scientific names provided) making up the rows and the question topics making up the columns.
		Four matrices were created, one for each of the separate herpetofaunal Orders of the Northeast: Anura, Caudata, Testudines, and Squamata.
		In addition, further study is necessary to determine the impact of habitat fragmentation and introduced species, as well as whether species are able to survive in urban and suburban areas.
	www.pwrc.usgs.gov /neparc/risk (2007 words)

	Spiroxys contorta (Nematoda: spirurida) in gastric granulomas of Apalone spinifera pallida (Reptilia: testudines) -- ...
		Spiroxys contorta (Nematoda: spirurida) in gastric granulomas of Apalone spinifera pallida (Reptilia: testudines) -- McAllister et al.
		Spiroxys contorta (Nematoda: spirurida) in gastric granulomas of Apalone spinifera pallida (Reptilia: testudines)
		Non-caseating granulomas containing larval spirurid nematodes (Spiroxys contorta) were observed in the gastric submucosa and muscularis externa of two pallid spiny softshells (Apalone spinifera pallida) from northcentral Texas (USA).
	www.jwildlifedis.org /cgi/content/abstract/29/3/509 (128 words)

	Introduction to Testudines
		The group Testudines, popularly known as the turtles, is an ancient clade with a grand history.
		As you will learn if you delve further into the history of this group, the proper name for the extant (living) turtles is Chelonia; Testudines refers to the Chelonia and some of their extinct relatives known from the extentive fossil record of turtles.
		Chelonia is the single surviving branch of the
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /anapsids/testudines/testudines.html (169 words)

	[No title]
		The UC Museum of Paleontology also has phylogenetic information concerning Testudines, as well as a listing of other Internet sites- Internet Turtle Resources.
		The earliest fossils are from the beginning of the age of dinosaurs, in the late Triassic.
		The Testudines reached its greatest diversity by the end of the Cretaceous.
	ag.arizona.edu /tree/eukaryotes/animals/chordata/testudines/Testudines.nex (3801 words)

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