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	Encyclopedia: Tethys Ocean
		The Tethys Ocean was an ocean that existed between the continents of Gondwana and Laurasia before the opening of the Atlantic Ocean.
		The Tethys Sea was a shallow inland body of water that existed between Laurasia and Gondwana, the geological ancestor of the modern Black, Caspian and Aral Seas.
		Paleontologists find the Tethys Ocean particularly important because much of the world's sea shelves were found around its margins for such an extensive period of time; Marine, marsh-dwelling, and estuarian fossils from these shelves are of considerable interest to them.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tethys-Ocean (1224 words)

	Ocean - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ocean (from Okeanos, a Greek god of sea and water; Greek ωκεανός) covers almost three quarters (71%) of the surface of the Earth, and nearly half of the world's marine waters are over 3000 m deep.
		Ocean currents greatly affect Earth's climate by transferring warm or cold air and precipitation to coastal regions, where they may be carried inland by winds.
		Tethys Ocean, the ocean between the ancient continents of Gondwana and Laurasia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ocean (1002 words)

	Geology of the Alps - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Alps arose as a result of the pressure exerted on sediments of the Tethys Ocean basin as its Mesozoic and early Cenozoic strata were pushed against the stable Eurasian landmass by the northward-moving African landmass.
		As the Tethys Ocean basin continued to widen and deepen, the elements of weathering were always at work on the surrounding landmasses.
		During the approximately 100 million years of open ocean, the rivers on the surrounding landmasses transported layers of mud, sand and gravel into the depths of the Tethys Ocean and formed compacted sediment layers several thousand meters in thickness.
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Geology_of_the_Alps (3829 words)

	Tethys Sea - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Tethys Sea is a shallow inland body of water that existed between Laurasia and Gondwana, the geological ancestor of the modern Mediterranean, Black, Caspian and Aral Seas.
		The theory that the Tethys Sea existed was first proposed in 1893 by Eduard Suess, who used fossil records from the Alps and Africa.
		As that part of the Tethys Ocean disappeared under Cimmeria, the relatively shallow area in the western end of the Tethys Ocean opened onto the growing Atlantic Ocean, forming the Tethys Sea (or 'Tethys Seaway').
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Tethys_Sea (325 words)

	Tethys Ocean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Acoustic Monitoring of the Ocean Climate in the Arctic Ocean (AMOC) The overall aim of this project is to explore, simulate and design an acoustic concept for long-term monitoring of the ocean temperature and ice thickness in the Arctic Ocean for global warming detection.
		Ocean Pines Gazette Weekly newspaper serving Ocean Pines, Maryland and the surrounding shore communities, Ocean City, Maryland and Selbyville, Delaware.
		Tethys Research Institute Research and conservation of Mediterranean whales and dolphins.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Tethys_Ocean.html (771 words)

	Dinosaurs of the Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The opening of the Tethys Ocean began a process which led to the formation of the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, which features one of the largest mid-oceanic ridges on our planet.
		This ocean and the Panthallassa Ocean, the precursor of the Pacific Ocean, constituted the major oceans of the time.
		It was in the Tethys Ocean that one of the more interesting oceanic dinosaurs has been found.
	www.oceansonline.com /dinosaurs.htm (993 words)

	Cimmerian plate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Behind this new micro-continent the rift formed a new ocean, the Tethys Ocean.
		As the Tethys Ocean widened, it pushed the Cimmeria and the floor of the Proto-Tethys Ocean northward towards Laurasia, the northeastern arm of Pangaea.
		The Tethys rift eventually extended westward to split Pangaea in two, and the growing Atlantic Ocean separated the northern supercontinent of Laurasia from the southern supercontinent Gondwana.
	cimmerian-plate.ask.dyndns.dk (319 words)

	Tethys Solutions : About Us
		Tethys' satisfied customers include a full range of users: Fortune 500 companies, hundreds of entrepreneurial startups and small business users, power plant operators and auction houses, financial advisors and educators to name a few.
		In Greek mythology, Tethys was a Titaness and sea goddess who was both sister and wife of Oceanus and mother of the chief rivers of the universe, such as the Nile, the Alpheus and the Maeander.
		The Tethys Ocean was an ocean that existed between the continents of Gondwana and Laurasia.
	www.tethyssolutions.com /aboutus.htm (348 words)

	4Reference \|\| Tethys Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Plate tectonics theory later disproved or overrode many parts of Suess's theory, even determining the existence of an earlier body of water called the Tethys Ocean.
		As that part of the Tethys Ocean disappeared under Cimmerians, the relatively shallow area in the western end of the Tethys Ocean opened onto the growing Atlantic Ocean, forming the Tethys Seaway or Tethys Sea.
		Some even refer to the growing Altlantic Ocean during Jurassic as the Tethys Sea, so be sure to double check which entity is being refered to in a particular situation.
	www.4reference.net /encyclopedias/wikipedia/Tethys_Sea.html (357 words)

	EVOLUTION OF THE ARCTIC-NORTH ATLANTIC AND THE WESTERN TETHYS--A VISUAL PRESENTATION OF A SERIES OF ...
		In the eastern Mediterranean-Black Sea area, the limits of the Proto-Tethys Ocean during the latest Carboniferous, and consequently the outlines of the Hercynian fold belt as shown in the Permo-Carboniferous reconstruction given by Plate 6, are conceptual.
		This was accompanied by the gradual concentration of crustal shortening to the Western Alps, the Apenninen-Calabrian Arc, the southern Carpathian, and the Hellenic-Taurid Arc.
		Changes in the ocean volume may have been induced by changes in the ocean ridge geometry due to acceleration or deceleration of the spreading rates, by uplift and subsidence of intraoceanic plateaux, or by the desiccation and flooding of restricted basins (Pitman, 1978; Donovan and Jones, 1979; Pitman and Golovchenko, 1983; Hallam, 1984; Kominz, 1984).
	www.searchanddiscovery.net /documents/97020/memoir43.htm (13414 words)

	Tethys Ocean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As these masses pushed in on it from all up until as recently as the Late Miocene (15 Ma) the Tethys ocean contiued shrink becoming the Tethys Seaway or Tethys Sea.
		Paleontologists find the Tethys Ocean particularly important much of the world's sea shelves were around its margins for such an extensive of time; Marine marsh-dwelling and estuarian fossils from these shelves are of interest to them.
		The Ocean Basins and Margins: The Tethys Ocean (Vol 8)
	www.freeglossary.com /Tethys_Ocean (741 words)

	Tethys Ocean -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		About 250 Ma, during the late (From 280 million to 230 million years ago; reptiles) Permian era, a new ocean began forming in the southern end of what geologists call the Paleo-Tethys Ocean.
		Around the same time, Laurasia and Gondwana began drifting apart, leaving the (The 2nd largest ocean; separates North and South America on the west from Europe and Africa on the east) Atlantic Ocean between them.
		(A specialist in paleontology) Paleontologists find the Tethys Ocean particularly important because much of the world's sea shelves were found around its margins for such an extensive period of time; Marine, marsh-dwelling, and (Click link for more info and facts about estuarian) estuarian fossils from these shelves are of considerable interest to them.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/te/tethys_ocean.htm (395 words)

	From intra-oceanic convergence to post-collisional evolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The northern continental strip of the CC comprised the north Tibetan (or Qiantang) block in the west and the north China block in the east.
		The northward progression of the CC lead to the subduction of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean along the southern margin of the Tarim block and to the formation of the Neo-Tethys Ocean between the CC and the Gondwana margin (Sengör, 1984).
		The closure of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean and the suturation of the CC occurred between Middle Triassic and Early-Middle Cretaceous (Sengör, 1984; Van der Voo et al., 1999; Zanchi et al., 2000).
	www.virtualexplorer.com.au /2002/8/rolland/paper.html (903 words)

	UCMP Glossary: Paleogeography
		A relatively small ocean that existed between the continents of Laurentia, Baltica, and Avalonia from the Late Precambrian to the Devonian.
		A large ocean that originated between eastern Gondwana, Siberia, Kazakhstan, and Baltica in the Ordovician and finally closed in the Jurassic; replaced by the Tethys Ocean as eastern Pangea was assembled.
		A small ocean that existed from the Triassic to the Jurassic; as Pangea was split into Gondwana and Laurasia in the Jurassic, an arm developed westward called the Tethys Seaway or Tethys Sea.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /glossary/glossary_9.html (533 words)

	Palaeos Earth: Geography: The Tethys Sea
		The Tethys was named in 1893 by the Austrian geologist Eduard Suess after the Titan Tethys, the daughter of Uranus and Gaia, and the sister and consort of Oceanus, the ancient Greek god of the ocean.
		The Tethys Sea also expanded westward, splitting Pangaea into the supercontinents of Gondwana (in the South) and Laurasia (in the North).
		By Late Triassic and Jurassic times, the Tethys extended a long, shallow arm through what is now Central Asia and Southern Europe, known as the Tethys Seaway (yet a third "Tethys").
	www.palaeos.com /Earth/Geography/Tethys.htm (512 words)

	Yale University and Universitat Mainz: Field Trip to the Alps 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Tethys was a North-Northeast trending ocean that was bound by the European/Iberian margin to the west and the Adriatic promontory of Africa to east.
		This ocean began closing during the Cretaceous as Africa moved towards the northeast and the opening Atlantic pushed Southern Europe to the east.
		The spreading of Tethys, which occured during the middle and upper Jurassic, was parallel to the original Triassic rifts.
	www.geology.yale.edu /~as45/alps96.html (686 words)

	A Depositional Model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Examination of the paleogeographic position of the Early Cretaceous Tethys Ocean shows that it is situated between two distinct climate regimes (see Figure 13).
		Schmidt and Mysak (1996) were able to show that depending on salinity and temperature of the polar waters, the ocean can be in a metastable state, which neither favors polar nor tropical deepwater formation.
		Thus we propose that the concept of an ``undecided ocean'' (with respect to deepwater formation) susceptible to external forcing is a fruitful concept for the Early Cretaceous too.
	individual.utoronto.ca /uliw/papers/po98/pa98-html-node8.html (589 words)

	Handprint : Geoevolution
		An arc [ocean mountain range] and ocean trench, the ancestral American east coast, approached from the south, while ancestral northern Europe [Baltica B] and Central Asia [Siberia S] drifted upwards from the southeast.
		Both the Avalonian arc, stretching east-west in the Iapetus Ocean (south of the North American plate), and the Taconic orogeny along the ancestral Appalachian Mountains in North America were areas of extensive volcanic activity.
		In the Devonian oceans, brachiopods, crinoids and other echinoderms flourished, and tabulate and rugose corals, and ammonites were also common.
	www.handprint.com /PS/GEO/geoevo.html (3279 words)

	Velikovskian Tectonics and Pangaea
		This is a truly incredible statement, given that the Tethys Ocean was proposed in 1893 by Suess [2], years before Wegener's proposal of "continental drift", and many decades before modern plate tectonics refined the nature of continent movement.
		The point of this is that there is evidence for Tethys Ocean beyond continent geometry, and you and Rose have ignored it.
		Another point raised by Rose (p.9) is the "problem" of the speed at which India crossed the Tethys Ocean.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/egg-earth.html (1754 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		By 1857 he was a professor of geology at the University of Vienna, and from there he gradually developed views on the connection between Africa and Europe; eventually he came to the conclusion that the Alps to the north were once at the bottom of an ocean, of which the Mediterranean was a remnant.
		While not quite correct (mostly because plate tectonics had not yet been discovered -- he used the earlier geosyncline theory), this is close enough to the truth that he is credited with discovering the Tethys Ocean, which he named in 1893.
		Again, this is not quite correct: Suess believed that the oceans flooded the spaces currently between those lands, when in fact the lands drifted apart.
	www.askmytutor.co.uk /e/ed/eduard_suess.html (328 words)

	Tethys Ocean
		Forming some 300 million years ago with the breakup of Pangaea, Tethys was at first a western extension of the otherwise world-spanning ocean of the time.
		Many of the rocks in the Alps were once on the Tethyian sea floor, as evidenced by the many marine fossils found there.
		The Tethys Ocean is of considerable importance to paleontologists, as for very long periods much of the world's sea shelves were found around its margins.
	www.fastload.org /te/Tethys_Ocean.html (265 words)

	Encyclopedia: Tethys Sea
		Africa is the largest of the three great southward projections from the main mass of the Earths surface.
		Plate tectonics (from the Greek word for one who constructs, τεκτων, tekton) is a theory of geology developed to explain the phenomenon of continental drift, and is currently the theory accepted by the vast majority of scientists working in this area.
		According to current theory the continent of Pangea had a deep sinus, when a long seafloor spreading ridge began to develop along its lower edge, reaching from the Australian Plate in the farthest southeast and running northeastwards.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tethys-Sea (990 words)

	Oceanus Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Titans, Oceanus, Coeus, Crius, Hyperion, Iapetus, Cronus, sons, Theia, Rheia, Themis, Mnemosyne, Phoebe, and Tethys, daughters, of Uranus by Gaea; Dione, Titan, daughter of Uranus by Gaea;
		The Oceanids, Asia, Styx, Electra, Doris, Eurynome, Amphitrite, and Metis, daughters of Ocean by Tethys;
		Among the 3000 daughters of Ocean by Tethys were the eldest nymphs Peitho, Admete, Ianthe, Electra, Doris, Prymno, Urania, Hippo, Clymene, Rhodea, Callirrhoe, Zeuxo, Clytie, Idyia, Pasithoe, Plexaura, Galaxaura, Dione, Melobosis, Thoe, Polydora, Cerceis, Pluto, Perseis, Ianeira, Acaste, Xanthe, Petraea, Menestho, Europa, Metis, Eurynome, Telesto, Chryseis, Asia, Calypso, Eudora, Tyche, Amphirho, Ocyrrhoe, and Styx;
	www.csulb.edu /~dbouvier/SourceFiles/i36Sources.htm (209 words)

	Tethys Sea - Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Tethys Sea is a shallow inland body of water postulated to have once existed between Laurasia and Gondwana, the geological ancestor of the modern Mediterranean, Black, Caspian and Aral Seas.
		Over the next 120 million years, the Tethys Sea shrank further, closed in an all sides by Africa, Saudi Arabia and Europe, eventually becoming the Mediterranean, Black, Caspian and Aral Seas.
		Some even refer to the growing Atlantic Ocean during Jurassic as the Tethys Sea.
	www.book-spot.co.uk /index.php/Tethys_Sea (342 words)

	[No title]
		The pressure conditions of this early metamorphism near the southern rim of the Northern Calcareous Alps are unknown because of a younger overprint (Gawlick et al., this volume).
		The tectonic structures (basin and rise formation), which are related to the closure of the Tethys Ocean, are sealed by latest Jurassic pelagic and shallow-water carbonates representing a period of tectonic quiescence.
		The basins and the rise, which are related to the closure of parts of the Tethys Ocean, are sealed by latest Jurassic pelagic and shallow-water carbonates representing a period of tectonic quiescence.
	homepages.uni-tuebingen.de /alpshop/TGAvol/-095.html (3025 words)

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