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Topic: Tetrapoda

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	Palaeos Vertebrates 150.000 Tetrapoda Overview
		This is the crown group Tetrapoda, the last common ancestor of Lissamphibia and Amniota and all of its descendants.
		In Tetrapoda*, the asterisk is supposed to suggest a crown, since this is the crown group.
		If one prefers, Tetrapoda* can be pronounced "crown tetrapods." Under this regime, the unornamented Tetrapoda is more or less the same as the colloquial "tetrapod." However, if we ever find the feet/fins of Livoniana and it has toes, that will be just too bad.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/150Tetrapoda/150.000.html (2563 words)

	The Definition of the Taxon Tetrapoda
		There is currently a debate concerning the definition of the taxon Tetrapoda, which is part of a wider debate dealing with the definiton of phylogenetic groups.
		In the case of the Tetrapoda, the crown-group would encompass the clade containing all the modern representatives, namely the Amphibia and the Amniota, plus any fossil taxa falling above the node in the cladogram representing their nearest common ancestor.
		Both node-based definitions are equally rigorous, defensible and valid phylogenetic definitions of the group Tetrapoda but in both cases, the result is counterintuitive in respect of some animals.
	tolweb.org /accessory/Definition_of_the_Taxon_Tetrapoda?acc_id=471 (739 words)

	Re: tetrapoda
		Nevertheless there is great resistance amongst early tetrapod workers to applying this crown group definition of the Tetrapoda, it is analogous to kicking Archaeopteryx, Ichthyornis etc. out of Aves because they don't belong to the crown group.
		The problem with the crown group definition of Tetrapoda is that a) people are very used to calling limbed vertebrates such as Ichthyostega, temnospondyls and seymouriamorphs," tetrapods" and b) there isn't anything else we can call them at the moment beyond limbed, near-tetrapod osteolepiforms.
		Tetrapodomorpha does not just apply to these limbed near-tetrapods + tetrapods, it is infact phylogenetically defined as a stem group including all vertebrates more closely related to modern tetrapods than to modern lungfish.
	dml.cmnh.org /1997Nov/msg00249.html (304 words)

	[No title]
		OC EUKARYOTA; METAZOA; CHORDATA; VERTEBRATA; TETRAPODA; MAMMALIA; OC EUTHERIA; RODENTIA.
		OC EUKARYOTA; METAZOA; CHORDATA; VERTEBRATA; TETRAPODA; MAMMALIA; OC EUTHERIA; ARTIODACTYLA.
		OC EUKARYOTA; METAZOA; CHORDATA; VERTEBRATA; TETRAPODA; MAMMALIA; OC EUTHERIA; LAGOMORPHA.
	bips.u-strasbg.fr /fr/Products/Databases/BAliBASE/ref2/test/1tvxA.rsf (750 words)

	Sarcopterygii - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sarcopterygii (from Greek sarx, flesh, and pteryx, fin) is traditionally the class of lobe-finned fishes, consisting of lungfish and coelacanths.
		Most taxonomists who subscribe to the cladistic approach include within this group the subclass Tetrapoda, which in turns consists of all species of four-limbed vertebrates:
		This level of taxonomy is in flux however; the membership of Sarcopterygii is likely to change, and it may even be discontinued as a classification.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sarcopterygii (96 words)

	Lab #14 Outlines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In this lab we will study members of the group Tetrapoda (colloquially known as 'tetrapods'), vertebrates which have made the transition, either completely or partially, to life on land.
		Tetrapods generally have two pairs of legs (hence the name 'tetrapod' - Greek for 'four legs'), although these have been lost independently in some amphibians and reptiles (e.g., snakes), and were radically modified for swimming in some amniotes.
		The group Tetrapoda is comprised of two major groups, Amphibia and Amniota.
	www.erin.utoronto.ca /~w3bio151y/Lab14.html (207 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		XX SF -104 ST -86 XX OS human, Homo sapiens OC eukaryota; animalia; metazoa; chordata; vertebrata; OC tetrapoda; mammalia; eutheria; primates XX MM DNase I footprinting XX CC conflict: HSAPOE4(946:) is gcccacctcgtgactgggCTG XX DR EMBL: M10065; HSAPOE4(946:966).
		XX OS human, Homo sapiens OC eukaryota; animalia; metazoa; chordata; vertebrata; OC tetrapoda; mammalia; eutheria; primates XX MM DNase I footprinting XX DR EMBL: M10065; HSAPOE4(994:999).
		XX SF 173 ST 191 XX OS human, Homo sapiens OC eukaryota; animalia; metazoa; chordata; vertebrata; OC tetrapoda; mammalia; eutheria; primates XX MM DNase I footprinting XX DR EMBL: M10065; HSAPOE4(1220:1238).
	umanitoba.ca /afs/plant_science/psgendb/CBR/databases/transfac/site.dat (17208 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		XX FA AGIE-BP1 XX OS rat, Rattus norvegicus OC eukaryota; animalia; metazoa; chordata; vertebrata; OC tetrapoda; mammalia; eutheria; rodentia; myomorpha; muridae; murinae XX CL C0001; CH; 2.3.4.0.6.
		XX FA AR XX SY androgen receptor; XX OS mouse, Mus musculus OC eukaryota; animalia; metazoa; chordata; vertebrata; OC tetrapoda; mammalia; eutheria; rodentia; myomorpha; muridae; murinae XX CL C0002; CC (rec); 2.1.1.3.1.
		XX FA AR XX SY androgen receptor; XX OS rat, Rattus norvegicus OC eukaryota; animalia; metazoa; chordata; vertebrata; OC tetrapoda; mammalia; eutheria; rodentia; myomorpha; muridae; murinae XX CL C0002; CC (rec); 2.1.1.3.1.
	www.cs.huji.ac.il /course/2002/bioskill/Ex2/factor.dat (9091 words)

	Chordata. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The fishes and, to a lesser extent, the amphibians and reptiles show a segmental arrangement of the muscles of the body wall and of the nerves leading to them.
		Four are aquatic, and may be grouped together as the superclass Pisces, or fish; four are terrestrial or (in the case of amphibians) semiterrestrial, and may be grouped as the superclass Tetrapoda, or four-footed animals.
		Fishes breathe water by means of gills located in internal passages, although they may also have lungs as supplementary air-breathing organs.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/Chordata.html (3196 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		OC Eukaryotae; mitochondrial eukaryotes; Metazoa/Eumycota group; OC Metazoa; Eumetazoa; Bilateria; Coelomata; Deuterostomia; Chordata; OC Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Osteichthyes; Sarcopterygii; Choanata; OC Tetrapoda; Amniota; Reptilia; Sauria; Archosauria; Aves; OC Neognathae; Falconiformes; Cathartidae; Coragyps.
		OC Eukaryotae; mitochondrial eukaryotes; Metazoa/Eumycota group; OC Metazoa; Eumetazoa; Bilateria; Coelomata; Deuterostomia; Chordata; OC Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Osteichthyes; Sarcopterygii; Choanata; OC Tetrapoda; Amniota; Reptilia; Sauria; Archosauria; Aves; OC Neognathae; Falconiformes; Falconidae; Falco.
		OC Eukaryotae; mitochondrial eukaryotes; Metazoa/Eumycota group; OC Metazoa; Eumetazoa; Bilateria; Coelomata; Deuterostomia; Chordata; OC Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Osteichthyes; Sarcopterygii; Choanata; OC Tetrapoda; Amniota; Reptilia; Sauria; Archosauria; Aves; OC Neognathae; Galliformes; Phasianidae; Phasianinae; Gallus.
	www.infobiogen.fr /db/repbase/REPBASE/REF/vertrep.ref (4484 words)

	Abstracts for PaleoBios 16(4) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Comparative cranial anatomy of Seymouria sanjuanensis (Tetrapoda: Batrachosauria) from the Lower Permian of Utah and New Mexico
		Current address: Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, CA The Lower Permian seymouriamorph (Tetrapoda: Batrachosauria) Seymouria sanjuanensis was erected on the basis of several specimens from Utah, and specimens from New Mexico were subsequently described.
		These include the exclusion of the supratemporal from the tabular horn, a shorter and narrower anterior process of the jugal, a vertical jugal-squamosal suture, a palatine wedged in the pterygoid, and a larger lateral exposure of the articular in S.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /museum/pbios/abstracts164.html (295 words)

	Reisz Lab: Projects
		Anderson, J.S. and Reisz, R.R. (in press) A new microsaur (Tetrapoda: Lepospondyli) from Richards Spur (Ft. Sill), Oklahoma.
		Reisz, R.R. and Laurin, M. (in press) The reptile Macroleter supports Olson's concept of Guadalupian correlations between North America and Russia.
		Reisz, R.R. and Sutherland, T. (2001) A diadectid (Tetrapoda: Diadectomorpha) from the Lower Permian fissure fills of the Dolese Quarry, near Richards Spur, Oklahoma.
	www.erin.utoronto.ca /~w3reisz/old/pubs.html (1268 words)

	Lecture 9 - Tetrapods
		Soon after the amniotes appeared, two distinct group are recognizable - these are the Synapsida (which includes us) and the Sauropsida (which includes the dinosaurs).
		Taken together the different skull openings can be used as shared derived characters that are present in major groups of tetrapods.
		The number and arrangement of the fenestra and choanae can be mapped directly onto the cladogram for the Tetrapoda
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /dees/courses/v1001/permtrias8.html (1554 words)

	Introduction to the Tetrapoda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The word "Tetrapoda" means "four legs" in Greek.
		Amphibians, reptiles (including dinosaurs and birds) and mammals are the major groups of the Tetrapoda.
		Green Tree Python photo courtesy © John White.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /vertebrates/tetrapods/tetraintro.html (222 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 150.900 Tetrapoda: Tetrapoda*
		It is customary to celebrate the advent of the Tetrapoda* with a long paean of praise to their talents and abilities -- something like the death song of a barbarian warrior reciting the deeds of his ancestors.
		This is the "crown group Tetrapoda" that many paleontologists complain about.
		Links: Definition of the Taxon Tetrapoda; Terrestrial Vertebrates; Herpetology- Phylogeny and Tetrapods; Phylog.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/150Tetrapoda/150.900.html (379 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates: References A-L
		Acanthostega, Baphetes; Baphetidae, Crocodyliformes, Ichthyostega, Loxomma, Megalocephalus, Metaxygnathus, Obruchevichthys, Panderichthys, Tetrapoda, Ventastega.
		Acanthostega, Elginerpeton, Elpistostegalia, Elpistostege, Eusthenopteron, Ichthyostega, Panderichthys, Tetrapoda, Tetrapoda.
		Acanthostega, Elginerpeton, Elpistostegalia, Eusthenopteron, Ichthyostega, Panderichthys, Rhipidistia, Rhizodontiformes, Tetrapoda, Tetrapoda.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Lists/References/Refs.html (5384 words)

	Tetrapod (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Taxobox-begin color pink name Tetrapods Taxobox-image image caption > Taxobox-begin-placement color pink Taxobox-regnum-entry taxon Animalia Taxobox-phylum-entry taxon Chordata Taxobox-subphylum-entry taxon Vertebrata Taxobox-infraphylum-entry taxon Tetrapoda Taxobox-end-placement Taxobox-section-subdivision color pink plural-taxon Classes Synapsida
		Amphibia Taxobox-end A tetrapod (Greek tetrapoda, four-legged) is a vertebrate animal having four foot, legs or leglike appendages.
		The evolution of tetrapods and the closing of Romers Gap.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Amphibians/Tetrapod.html (3475 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		REF_TITLE Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd REF_JOURNAL Science REF_VOLUME 269 REF_PAGES 496-512 REF_YEAR 1995 // ORGANISM Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 COMMON_NAME HIV-1 CLASSIFICATION viridae; ss-rna enveloped viruses; positive-strand; retroviridae; lentivirinae.
		REF_TITLE The minimal gene complement of Mycoplasma genitalium REF_JOURNAL Science REF_VOLUME 270 REF_PAGES 397-403 REF_YEAR 1995 // ORGANISM Necturus maculosus COMMON_NAME Salamander CLASSIFICATION Eukaryotae; mitochondrial eukaryotes; Metazoa; Chordata; Vertebrata; Amphibia; Batrachia; Caudata; Salamandroidea; Salamandridae; Necturus.
		GB_RELEASE 92.0 GB_ENTRIES 1857 GB_BASEPAIRS 1453447 GENOME_SIZE 25000000 (unconfirmed) // ORGANISM Rattus norvegicus COMMON_NAME Rat CLASSIFICATION eukaryota; metazoa; chordata; vertebrata; tetrapoda; mammalia; eutheria; rodentia.
	www.cbs.dtu.dk /databases/DOGS/dogs.dat (11558 words)

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