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Topic: Tetum language

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	Tetum language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tetum (also written as Tetun) is an Austronesian language, and one of its forms, Tetum- Praca, is one of the national languages of East Timor.
		Tetum Prasa arose as a contact language in the 16th century after colonization by Portugal.
		The spelling of the name of the language as Tetum is a reflection of Portuguese pronunciation, in which 'm' is pronounced as a nasal sound, rather than that in the language itself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tetum_language (1092 words)

	Languages of East Timor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The lingua franca and national language of East Timor is Tetum, which is a Malayo-Polynesian language influenced by Portuguese, with which it has equal status as an official language.
		The Indonesian language, or Bahasa Indonesia, has ceased to be an official language, although it, along with English, has the status of a 'working language' under the Constitution.
		For many older East Timorese, the Indonesian language has negative connotations with the Suharto regime, but many younger people have expressed suspicion or hostility to the reinstatement of Portuguese, which they see as a 'colonial language' in much the same way that Indonesians saw Dutch.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Languages_of_East_Timor (569 words)

	Portuguese language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is the official language of Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal and São Tomé and Príncipe, co-official with Chinese in the Chinese S.A.R. of Macau, and co-official with Tetum in East Timor.
		The Fala language is another descendant of Galician-Portuguese, spoken by a small number of people in the Spanish towns of Valverdi du Fresnu, As Ellas and Sa Martín de Trebellu (autonomous community of Extremadura, near the border with Portugal).
		Many Romance languages possess a present perfect tense, but the Portuguese present perfect has a unique, iterative sense, denoting an action or a series of actions which have begun in the past and are expected to continue into the future.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Portuguese_language (4312 words)

	Revista 14 - Resumos em Inglês
		The importance of the Portuguese language in the resistance to the Indonesian occupation
		From 1975 to 1979 it was also the language of the Resistance, but when the "Bases de Apoio" (the social groups who did speak Portuguese and their reasons for doing so) disappeared, things changed and only some of the correspondence between senior leaders continued to be written in it.
		According to the author, Tétum functions as a language of national cohesion and a factor in the identity of all East Timorese.
	www.instituto-camoes.pt /revista/revista14in.htm (3383 words)

	Lingua Franca - 09/02/2002: Teach yourself Tetum...
		Tetum is the lingua franca of East Timor and has been declared both the national language and one of the two official languages.
		As well, many native languages are spoken in this tiny country, along with Bahasa Melayu, the language of Indonesia, which for 25 years was the language of the military occupation and of education.
		John Hajek: Tetum was actually used in the Catholic school system in early grades from the late 1980s, and through the Sisters of Mary McKillop who gave a lot of help to the Catholic church, but only in the Catholic system and only in the Dili area and only for a couple of years.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/arts/ling/stories/s476770.htm (2257 words)

	Timorlink Tetum Language Lessons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Tetum is the most predominant indigenous language in East Timor.
		Portugese is common amongst the older generation and was the administrative language used during the period of Portugese colonialisation.
		Tetum is the language of the Dili market and the majority of East Timorese.
	home.vicnet.net.au /~timorlk/tetum.html (351 words)

	About East Timor
		This language has spread throughout East Timor so that Tetum, in its original or simplified form, came to be spoken by about 60% of the population.
		The impact of Portuguese on Tetum was similar to the impact of French on English after the Norman French conquest.
		The Portuguese language has had a profound effect on Timorese culture and the Tetum language has been greatly enriched by the infusion of Portuguese making it distinct from the Tetum spoken in neighbouring West Timor which had a Dutch colonial past.
	www.timoraid.org /v1/timortoday/html/about_east_timor.htm (1275 words)

	Lingua Franca - 24/3/2000: Portuguese in East Timor...
		Tetum is the principal indigenous language of East Timor, and in particular, Tetum Praca, the creolised form of the language that evolved as the lingua franca for the Portuguese colonisers and the indigenous population over nearlyfour centuries.
		Instead, the Indonesian invasion in 1975 brought Bahasa Indenosia, the language of Indonesia, a standardised variety of Malay, in which a whole generation of East Timorese was schooled.
		Since Tetum and the other vernaculars are full of Portuguese words, sounds and structures, much of the Portuguese language is immediately comprehensible to Timorese who can't speak it.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/arts/ling/stories/s113139.htm (2149 words)

	East Timor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The official language Tetum, known as Tetun-Dili, grew out of the dialect favored by the colonizers at Dili, and thus has considerable foreign influence, but there are also has a variety of non-official dialects which are widely used and known as Tetun-Terik.
		The language, along with Tetum, gained importance as a symbol of resistance and freedom and was adopted as one of the two official languages for this reason, and as a link to nations in other parts of the world.
		Along with other local languages, Tetum remains the most common means of communication between ordinary Timorese, while Indonesian is still widely for technical terms and in the media.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/East_Timor (3430 words)

	East Timor Leste: Languages, Culture, Images (Timor Timur - Timor Lorosae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Tetum belongs to the great Austronesian family of languages spoken in a vast area of the globe between Taiwan in the north, New Zealand in the south, Easter Island in the east, and Madagascar in the west.
		The local language of Dili was originally Mambai, but by the next century the new capital's mixed population, too, was speaking the favoured Tetum language.
		Tetum has between 300,000 and 400,000 native speakers, but well over two thirds of the population of East Timor are conversant with the lingua franca (ie.
	geo.ya.com /travelimages/timor/languages.html (3580 words)

	East Timor - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Many East Timorese people are descendants of the Tetum, who traditionally inhabited the south central area of the island.
		Tetum and Portuguese are the official languages of East Timor.
		However, a variant of Tetum called Tetum Prasa incorporates many Portuguese loan words; it is widely spoken in and around Dili.
	encarta.msn.com /text_461510929___6/East_Timor.html (296 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		It is not open to discussion whether a language fits or does not fit the conveniences of a bunch of self- entitled educators, specialists and even aid workers.
		The choice of Portuguese as an official language reinforces the identity of the East Timorese people, since Tetum is heavily influenced by Portuguese as a consequence of its use in the area since the 16th century.
		Portuguese is the sixth most spoken language in the world and the third as an intercontinental language - spoken by 200 million people, of different races, faiths and cultural backgrounds.
	www.asu.edu /educ/epsl/LPRU/newsarchive/Art487.txt (540 words)

	Portuguese language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Portuguese (português) is a Romance language predominantly spoken in Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, and East Timor.
		The language was spread worldwide in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries as Portugal created the first and the longest lived modern-world colonial and commercial empire (1415–1975), spanning from Brazil in the Americas to Macau in China.
		The language began to differentiate itself from other Romance languages after the fall of the Roman Empire and the barbarian invasions in the 5th century.
	www.freedownloadsoft.com /info/portuguese-language.html (2838 words)

	Macquarie University News
		Over the last 400 years, Tetum has co-evolved with Portuguese, the other official language of East Timor, with the result that, although they are very different languages grammatically, they share a great deal of vocabulary.
		Tetum is the language used to communicate across these 15-odd local languages and it is being very rapidly developed so that, alongside Portuguese, it can cope with the linguistic demands of a modern society taking its place in the world.
		One of the most important initial tasks was to write a Tetum grammar that sets a standard for the language while it is in a process of development.
	www.pr.mq.edu.au /macnews/ShowItem.asp?ItemID=142 (465 words)

	★ Portuguese language ★ - Information on Portuguese language - Askaroo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		It is the official language of Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal and SÃ£o TomÃ© and PrÃncipe, co-official with Chinese language,Chinese in the Chinese S.A.R. of Macau,Macau, and co-official with Tetum in East Timor.
		Portuguese is List of languages by number of native speakers,ranked sixth among the world's languages in number of native speakers (over 200 million), and first in South America (186 million, over 51% of the population).
		Portuguese is often nicknamed ''The language of LuÃs de CamÃµes,CamÃµes'', after the author of the Portuguese national epic ''The Lusiads''; ''The last flower of Latium'' (Olavo Bilac); and ''The sweet language'' by Miguel de Cervantes,Cervantes.
	www.askaroo.com /info/Portuguese_language.html (1508 words)

	Education \| Choosing a native tongue
		But while the document establishes Tetum and Portuguese as the country's official languages and Indonesian Bahasa and English as its working languages, it has failed to resolve a continuing debate about the role of East Timor's colonial languages and the increasing influence of the "global language" of English.
		Portuguese was the language of resistance for the present group of political leaders who were active against the Indonesian occupation.
		A Tetum Language Institute has been set up at the University of East Timor and Australian-based linguists are assisting in the development of Tetum grammars and dictionaries.
	education.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4394514-108281,00.html (1060 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		After months of sometimes angry debate, the former Portuguese colony decided to make Portuguese one of its national languages - to be used in government, schools and the official media - when it gains independence Monday after 24 years of brutal Indonesian rule.
		Also recognized as a national tongue will be the most widely spoken indigenous language, Tetum, which is related to native languages spoken on many Pacific islands, including Hawaii.
		Tetum is the most widely used language in the parliament, and some linguists say it stands to benefit from the promotion of Portuguese because they share some vocabulary and grammar.
	www.asu.edu /educ/epsl/LPRU/newsarchive/art306.txt (569 words)

	East Timor - LOCATION, SIZE, AND EXTENT, TOPOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, FLORA AND FAUNA
		Historically the ethnic population was largely defined by the Atoni and the more dominant Belu, which was a blend of Malay, Melanesian, and Austronesian peoples who were fluent in the Tetum language.
		At independence in 2002, the approximate ethnic divisions in the population were as follows: 78% Timorese, 20% Indonesian, and 2% Chinese.
		Tetum, Galoli, Mambai, Tokodede are classified as Austronesian languages, while Bunak, Kemak, Makassai, Dagada, Idate, Kairui, Nidiki, and Baikenu are the non-Austronesian tongues.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Asia-and-Oceania/East-Timor.html (713 words)

	The Tetum Project
		Speakers of the language spell it as Tetun.
		Apparently there are no words that end in "um" in the language itself.
		Tetum, Bahasa Indonesia, Portuguese and English (as a utility language).
	www.gnu.org /software/tetum (396 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Indonesia: Language in everyday life
		Language in everyday life: The use of language in everyday life, e.g.
		In the early 1990s, Bahasa Indonesian was primarily the language of government bureaucracy, schools, national print and electronic media, and interethnic communication.
		In many provinces, it was the language of communication between Chinese shopkeepers and their non-Chinese patrons.
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewResearch.asp?CID=53&TID=6 (441 words)

	Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The official language will be one of the most complex issues facing the new State and, consequently, the education system.
		It is a local language that was used for Catholic liturgy when Portuguese was banned, and as a way of rejecting Indonesian.
		Tetum "has proved its resistance, both in the Portuguese and Indonesian colonial periods", said Fernando Araújo when speaking out against the idea of imposing a language that is only spoken by 5% of the population (IPS, Dili, 21-1-2000).
	homepage.esoterica.pt /~cdpm/EDU01eng.htm (1870 words)

	East Timor - MaxTravelz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		East Timor (Portuguese: Timor Leste) (Tetum: Timor Lorosa'e) (Indonesian: Timor Timur) is a country in Southeast Asia and is (at least for now) the world's newest independent country.
		Tetum is an official language, and Indonesian is widely spoken in East Timor.
		Tetum and Portuguese are the official languages, but Indonesian and (limited) English are also widely spoken.
	www.maxtravelz.com /east_timor.htm (1021 words)

	The final words on the East Timorese language choices - On Line Opinion - 11/10/2002
		Many languages have vocabularies of predominantly foreign, not native, origin, and the most famous example of this in the world is English.
		Dr Foley’s objections to the Portuguese language (and perhaps to Tetum also) on frankly utilitarian and philistine grounds are unanswerable by those who consider languages to play a wider role in the social, cultural and spiritual lives of human beings than that of mere media of rational communication.
		The cultural importance of Portuguese in East Timor is equal to that of Gaelic in Ireland, though neither language is the vernacular of the majority.
	www.onlineopinion.com.au /view.asp?article=1546 (1247 words)

	NLSP_Edu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The National Language Standardisation Project (NLSP) has been working at integrating Timor Leste’s national language, Tetum - which has traditionally been an oral language - into the school curriculum.
		A previous pilot project produced 23 books in Tetum; taught orthography to approximately 200 teachers, writers, translators and members of the media; and contributed to the formal government approval of the Tetum language policy.
		With the new government currently developing the national school curricula, the NLSP is aiming to produce teaching materials in Tetum and educate instructors in the proper use of orthography and grammar.
	www.afap.org /NLSP_Edu.html (149 words)

	Education - 1st school year starts in October 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Adoption of Portuguese as the official language and teaching medium could place the Timorese who were educated under the Indonesian system at a disadvantage, and cause them to feel frustrated and marginalized by the reconstruction process.
		The first Timorese students’ congress called for Tetum to be the national language, and for English, Portuguese, Indonesian and Tetum to be official languages used during the Transition phase (3-5 years), after which time Tetum should be the country’s national and official language (First Congress of ET Students Solidarity Council - ETSSC, 28-7-2000).
		At the CNRT Congress, Portuguese was officially adopted as the official language and Tetum as the territory’s national language.
	homepage.esoterica.pt /~cdpm/EDU02eng.htm (2798 words)

	TIMOR - LANGUAGE IDENTITY
		ESTABLISH, FADE UNDER /// The chatter at Dili's central marketplace is in Tetum - a local dialect spoken by the vast majority of East Timorese.
		In deference to the Church in predominantly Catholic East Timor, Portuguese has been declared the "official language" -- while Tetum stands a shade-of-grey away as the "national language." English -- the language of international trade -- comes in third, as the foreign language students should be expected to learn.
		So the country's young people have fluency in the Indonesian language and no memory of Portuguese rule and therefore no sentimental attachment to the Portuguese language like that of East Timor's middle- aged political leaders.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/2000/07/000707-timor1.htm (702 words)

	Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology - TL Demokratische Republik Timor-Leste - Sprache, Langue, Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		ethnologue - Eastern Tetun - Language of TL (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=tet
		ethnologue - Kais Metan - Language of TL (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bkx
		ethnologue - Northern Tetun - Language of TL (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=tet
	www.etymologie.info /~e/t_/tl-sprach.html (1309 words)

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