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Topic: Tevfik Esenc

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	Tevfik ESENÇ The Last Ubykh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Since October 7, 1992, when its last native speaker (Tevfik Esenç) died, the north-western Caucasian language Ubykh must be considered extinct.
		Tevfik Esenç worked with several linguists so that as much as possible of his people’s language could be recorded.
		A century and a half ago, the Oubykh language belonging to the Caucasian group of languages was spoken by as many as 50,000 Oubykh tribesmen in the Caucasus valleys east of the Black Sea.
	www.circassianworld.5u.com /tevfikesench.html (1216 words)

	[No title]
		When linguists raced to Turkey to record Tevfik Esenc in 1992, he had already written the inscription he wanted on his gravestone: "This is the grave of Tevfik Esenc.
		Tefvik Esenc, Ned Madrell, and Arthur Bennett lived and died thousands of miles apart, in radically different cultural and economic circumstances.
		Although the precise factors which destroyed their communities and left them as the last representatives of dying tongues were quite different, their stories are remarkably similar in other ways.
	www.askoxford.com /worldofwords/wordfrom/vanish?view=print (909 words)

	LINGUIST List 4.437: In Memoriam: Ubykh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Since October 7, 1992, when its last native speaker (Tevfik Esenc) died, the north-western Caucasian language Ubykh must be considered extinct.
		Tevfik Esenc, worked with several linguists so that as much as possible of his people's language could be recorded.
		Esenc even allowed himself to be x-rayed while articulating.
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/4/4-437.html (315 words)

	ubykh.htm
		The last Ubykh speaker, Tevfik Esenc, died in Turkey at the age of 88 in 1992.
		Ubykh is one of hundreds of languages that are either dead or dying; thousands more are expected to disappear over the next century.
		Esenc, the last Ubykh speaker, allowed linguists to take X-rays of his speech organs while he demonstrated the vocal gymnastics necessary to produce those 83 distinct consonant sounds.
	www.uwm.edu /~vaux/ubykh.htm (1615 words)

	langdeath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		PROPPED up on a shelf in George Hewitt’s office at London University’s School of Oriental and African Studies is a picture of Tevfik Esenc.
		Esenc, who died in 1992, was the last speaker of Ubykh, the language of a Muslim group that was driven from present-day Georgia into the Ottoman Empire in 1864.
		Mr Hewitt has identified 40 languages and dialects under threat in the Caucasus region, and he is working against the clock to document and record as many as he can.
	faculty.ed.umuc.edu /~jmatthew/articles/langdeath.html (645 words)

	Ubykh language - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Ubykh language died out on October 7 1992, when its last fluent speaker (Tevfik Esenç) passed away in his sleep.
		Fortunately, before that time thousands of pages of material and many audio recordings had been collected and collated by a number of linguists, including Georges Dumézil, Hans Vogt and George Hewitt, with the help of some of its last speakers, particularly Tevfik Esenç and Huseyin Kozan.
		Julius von Mészáros, a Hungarian linguist, visited Turkey in 1930 and took down some notes on Ubykh.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Ubykh (3145 words)

	Caucasus Foundation
		At that stage, I had studied on Circassian and had worked with Tevfik Esenc on Ubikh.
		I am interested in all the languages of the Caucasus and those that are in danger have a particular fascination for me. Because my meeting in 1974 with Tevfik Esenc or the fact that I actually met the last speaker of a Caucasian language had an important influence on me ever since.
		I could see that the way the politics was developing [in Georgia in 1989] was such that would have to endanger the Abkhazians as a community.
	www.kafkas.org.tr /english/ajans/2002/temmuz/09.07.2002_george_hewitt1.htm (2359 words)

	Ubykh language : Ubykh
		Ubykh eventually was spoken only in the household, then only by the elders of the people.
		Finally, on the 7th of October, 1992, the Ubykh language died, when its last speaker - a farmer named Tevfik Esenc - passed away in his sleep.
		Fortunately, thousands of pages of material and many audio recordings had been collected and collated by a number of linguists, including Georges Dumézil, Hans Vogt and George Hewitt, with the help of Mr Esenc, Huseyin Kozan, and a few of the other Ubykh elders.
	www.fastload.org /ub/Ubykh.html (896 words)

	Language-planning for North Caucasian Languages in Turkey By George Hewitt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		I spent some three weeks in Demir Kapi (Balikesir), towards the end of which period I was taken to the last village where Ubykh-speakers could still be found, Haci Osman Köyü.
		I spent one night there in the house of inn-keeper Fuat Ergün and on the morning of my departure was given a contact-number by which I could reach the last fully competent speaker, Tevfik Esenç, when I returned to Istanbul.
		We made recordings together each day of the following week, at the end of which I returned to England.
	circassianworld.5u.com /hewitt.html (3978 words)

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