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	Texas City Disaster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Texas City Disaster of April 16, 1947, started with the mid-morning fire and detonation of approximately 17,000,000 pounds (7,700 tonnes) of ammonium nitrate on board the French-registered vessel SS Grandcamp in the port at Texas City, Texas, killing 581 people.
		The Texas City Disaster is generally considered the worst industrial accident in United States history.
		Some of the deaths and damage in Texas City were due to the destruction and subsequent burning of several chemical plants (including Monsanto and Union Carbide), oil storage, and other industrial facilities close to the point of the explosions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Texas_City_Disaster (1595 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Stephens, The Texas City Disaster, 1947
		Although not all casualties were residents of Texas City, the total was equivalent to a staggering 25 percent of the town's estimated population of 16,000.
		Moreover, Texas City was basically a one-industry town where almost a third of the labor force was employed at refineries, oil terminals, or chemical plants.
		Texas City was no different from other ports in this respect, but it lacked a port authority that encompassed both environments and had the capability to act quickly and effectively in an emergency.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exstetex.html (5279 words)

	Chemistry 34a Paper
		The Texas City Disaster Act was issued to compensate the families with death, injuries and property loses with award of $25,000.
		Texas City fire department has 60 full time employees, instead of only 50 volunteers and also better fire engines, with foam spraying trucks, not like water that just evaporated, when they tried to put out Grand camps fire.
		The disaster brought one good thing to Texas City the inner racial relationships became much more settle and people were united by the disaster.
	syngen2.chem.brandeis.edu /~walker/texas2.html (1623 words)

	Texas City dangerous, but it's home \| www.azstarnet.com ®
		TEXAS CITY, Texas - The rotten-egg smell from the refineries, the chemical haze, the constant hiss that sounds like an idling jet plane, the explosions and fires - they are part of life in Texas City.
		Texas City is dominated by the refining industry.
		When southeastern Texas became a hub for the infant oil and petrochemical business, Texas City was prepared for the transition from agriculture to industry.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/printDS/67216 (751 words)

	Texas City Disaster
		the Texas City Disaster, as it is often referred to, happened as the Grand Camp exploded.
		Dreadful as the disaster was, it brought the people of Texas City together as nothing else had ever done.
		It must be remembered that the disaster was not caused by an indusial accident, but one caused by a ship in port that exploded.
	www.ezl.com /~fireball/Disaster20.htm (824 words)

	Chemistry 34a Paper
		Texas City at the moment was in total chaos with chunk of debris, some of them weighing up to five tons, streaking overhead like comets.
		In most documents about the Texas City Disaster, ammonium nitrate is described as a "highly explosive" material with the supporting evidence of the Texas City Disaster (of course), the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City and the document from its use in military munitions during World War II.
		For the residents in Texas City who decided to stay and rebuild after the disaster, it was more than a wake up call for safety.
	syngen2.chem.brandeis.edu /~walker/texas1.html (2259 words)

	1947 Texas City Disaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A queer quirk of the Texas City explosion was found by Johnny Hendrickson, photographer for The News, in a tour of the devastated area Thursday.
		Also among the missing are Victor Wehmeyer, the funeral director; H.J. Mikeska, President and General Manager of the Texas City Terminal Railway; longshoremen; employees of Monsanto, Republic, and the Texas City Terminal; sightseers; and others whose fate it was to be in the plant or on the dock that day.
		In 1997, the City of Texas City, both the elected leadership and volunteer citizens, planned to observe the Fifthieth Anniversary of the Texas City Disaster in a meaningful way that would both commemorate the event and celebrate the City's recovery and progress over the past fifty years.
	www.local1259iaff.org /disaster.html (3622 words)

	The Galveston County Daily News
		TEXAS CITY — A Texas City woman was killed Sunday when a suspected drunken driver crashed into the car in which she was riding.
		TEXAS CITY — Leaders of St. Mary of the Miraculous Medal are set to unveil plans for a new church this weekend.
		TEXAS CITY — Linda Cooper never thought she’d be able to prove she’s a descendant of a patriot who fought in the American Revolution.
	www.galvnews.com /texascity.lasso (1913 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		No central disaster organization had been established by the city, but most of the chemical and oil plants had disaster plans that were quickly activated.
		Litigation over the Texas City disaster was finally settled in 1962, when the United States Supreme Court refused to review an appeals court ruling that the Republic of France, owner of the Grandcamp, could not be held liable for any claims resulting from the explosion.
		Public commemoration of the event began in June of 1947, when the bodies of the unidentified dead were buried together in a memorial cemetery and park, and in 1991 a new section was added to the park.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/TT/lyt1.html (706 words)

	'City on Fire by Bill Minutaglio
		While their backgrounds and lives are worlds apart within the small town of Texas City, circumstances conspire to bring them together and bind them as key characters in the 20th century's worst industrial disaster, the explosion of the ammonium nitrate-laden Grandcamp ship in the heart of this Gulf port city.
		In 1947, Texas City is the city of possibility, on its way to becoming the chemical capital of the world, according to a magazine article from the time.
		The next year, after the reluctant signing of the Texas Claims Act by President Eisenhower, a total of $17 million was granted to 1,394 victims of the Texas City Disaster.
	www.post-gazette.com /books/reviews/20030525texasbkp6.asp (726 words)

	Amazon.ca: City on Fire: The Explosion That Devastated a Texas Town and Ignited a Historic Legal Battle: Books: Bill ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		And, in time, the survivors of that all-American city found themselves wondering if their own government had delivered them into this hell on earth.In 1947, Texas City was experiencing boom times, bristling with chemical and oil plants, built to fuel Europe's seemingly endless appetite for the raw materials needed to rebuild its ruined cities.
		CITY ON FIRE is a painstakingly researched saga of one of the most profound but forgotten disasters in American history.
		The Texas City Disaster was a searing, apocalyptic event that had an enormous ripple effect for millions of people around the world.
	www.amazon.ca /City-Fire-Explosion-Devastated-Historic/dp/0060959916 (884 words)

	Texas City, 1947 Disaster Photographs
		These 21 snapshots were taken in Texas City, TX, between April 16 and 21, 1947.
		One of the worst disasters in Texas history occurred on April 16, 1947, when the ship SS Grandcamp exploded at 9:12 A.M. at the docks in Texas City.
		The first explosion had killed twenty-six Texas City firemen and destroyed all of the city's fire-fighting equipment, including four trucks, leaving the city helpless in the wake of the second explosion.
	www.lib.utexas.edu /taro/uhsc/00039/hsc-00039.html (699 words)

	FireNet
		Picture taken from a ferry The San Francisco fire was cause by an earthquake that began at 5:12 in the morning of April 18, 1906.
		The disaster of Kobe City was caused by the Great Hanshin Earthquake, Tuesday, January 17, 1995, at 5:46 a.m.
		The Texas City Fire was dominated by two explosions on April 16 and 17 1947.
	www.me.utexas.edu /~ezekoye/rsch.dir/firesite/historical.html (686 words)

	Texas City Disaster - History of the FTCA - Dalehite v. U.S., 346 U.S. 15, 73 S.Ct. 956, 97 L.Ed. 1427 (1953) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The particular FGAN transported to Texas City had been produced at three of the plants activated by the Government for the foreign fertilizer program, and allotted to the Lion Oil Co., which had previously sold FGAN to the Army pursuant to their sell-back agreement.
		The Government proffered extensive evidence, however, that the FGAN shipped to Texas City did not leave the plants at nearly that temperature, and of course there is no evidence as to the temperature at which it was loaded on the ships.
		Captain Hirsch, commanding one of the three plants which manufactured the Texas City FGAN, wrote to the Field Director's Office requesting "that your office stipulate a maximum temperature at which fertilizer may be loaded in order to eliminate" bag deterioration through heat.
	biotech.law.lsu.edu /cases/immunity/Dalehite.htm (11900 words)

	Texas City ISD
		The Texas City Independent School District has just updated a comprehensive emergency preparedness plan that is designed to minimize danger to anyone occupying a school should an emergency occur.
		It shall be a continuing policy to hold students at all schools during a disaster until clearance for their dismissal has been obtained from the superintendent's office.
		The emergency preparedness team should meet periodically and discuss types of disasters that could happen in their area and then develop plans to protect their building and occupants.
	www.texascity.isd.tenet.edu /index.asp?NID=84 (324 words)

	Texas City Disaster
		The Texas City disaster occurred on the morning of April 16, 1947.
		A ship in the Texas City harbor, the Grand Camp, bearing a cargo of ammonium nitrate fertilizer destined for war torn Europe, caught fire.
		It must be remembered that the disaster was not caused by an industrial accident, but one caused by a ship in port that exploded.
	home.houston.rr.com /bendini/disast~1.html (852 words)

	No. 1138: The Texas City Disaster
		That was 48 years and two days after a far larger charge of the same material had gone off accidentally here in Texas.
		Some of the terrible fertilizer explosions -- Oklahoma City and the World Trade Center -- were intentional.
		But I finished high school in the logging town of Roseburg, Oregon the same year Texas City burned.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi1138.htm (518 words)

	iWannaGetThat - Retroville - 1947 - In the News - Texas City Disaster
		On April 16, 1947, what would become known as the "Texas City Disaster" began with a fire on a ship anchored in the harbor.
		As the crowd watched the bright orange flames licking the sky through the haze of smoke, nobody could have anticipated the events that were about to unfold and thrust a small town in Texas into the international spotlight.
		Not a single family in Texas City escaped the disaster unscathed.
	www.iwannagetthat.com /NewFiles/1947-texas-city-disaster.html (579 words)

	Childhood in Arizona \| The Texas City Disaster \| A Version of Love
		The real interest here is not only in the disaster itself, but in how the disaster affected the community, changed people's way of viewing the world.
		Texas City was part of the south, and thus was completely segregated, but fleeing the initial explosion were "dozens of white people coated fl with the oil and molasses.
		As they run along Texas Avenue, there are some fl residents from The Bottom [the fl part of town] fighting their way out of collapsed storefronts.
	www.ralphmag.org /CF/new.html (2146 words)

	The Galveston County Daily News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		TEXAS CITY — Nearly 200 survivors of the worst industrial disaster in U.S. history gathered for a group photo Thursday.
		It was the third year the city of Texas City and The Daily News teamed up to publish the photo of survivors of the April 16, 1947, ship explosions, which killed more than 600 people.
		The official report from the National Board of Fire Underwriters and the Fire Prevention and Engineering Bureau of Texas on the 1947 Texas City Disaster, issued on pril 29, 1947.
	news.galvestondailynews.com /story.lasso?WCD=84337 (114 words)

	Root Cause Analysis Blog: BP Texas City Refinery Explosion Past e-News
		The Texas City BP Refinery Explosion seems to have all the worst aspects of a fatality investigation.
		Because if we went back to the code of conduct and compensation of ancient times (an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth), 15 BP executives would be choosing which of their children would be sacrificed to provide "fair compensation" for the loss of the 15 people who died at the refinery.
		TEXAS CITY, Texas -- After a huge explosion at a BP PLC plant here in March killed 15 workers in the deadliest U.S. petrochemical-industry accident in 15 years, the company put most of the blame on some of its employees.
	www.taproot.com /blog/2005/09/bp_texas_city_refinery_explosi.html (7347 words)

	Austin Bay Blog » March 2005 Texas City Refinery Explosion/A look at the 1947 Texas City Disaster
		Texas City and the entire Houston Ship Channel complex of refineries and petro-chemical plants form one of America’s most dangerous industrial zones.
		Texas City is the site of one of the US’s all-time worst industrial disasters.
		I remember studying the Texas City disaster in Texas History class in junior high school.
	austinbay.net /blog/?p=177 (902 words)

	Amazon.com: The Texas City Disaster, 1947: Books: Hugh W. Stephens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		City on Fire: The Explosion That Devastated a Texas Town and Ignited a Historic Legal Battle by Bill Minutaglio
		I have read lots of disaster fiction and nonfiction, and what I find lacking in this book is the personal element--most such books DO include some of the many personal dramas which are part of such a major event.
		We all knew the reason for the anchor at the entrance to the Texas City Dyke and the destruction that was caused as a result of the explosion of the Grandcamp and later the High Flyer.
	www.amazon.com /Texas-City-Disaster-1947/dp/029277723X (1563 words)

	The Galveston County Daily News
		TEXAS CITY — Cool winds could not blow hard enough to snuff the spirit of remembrance running through the dozens of people who attended Saturday morning’s memorial service for the 1947 disaster.
		The industrial accident, which has become known as the 1947 Texas City Disaster, killed an estimated 600 people.
		On the morning of April 16, 1947, the cargo ship Grandcamp, which was carrying ammonium nitrate fertilizer, caught on fire.
	news.galvestondailynews.com /story.lasso?ewcd=f1eaeb31054b9015 (111 words)

	Texas History Web Guide
		A chronological listing of major happenings in Texas history from before 1500 to the finding of oil at Spindletop in 1901, with links from the event to more information on the internet about that event.
		An essay on the Texas Army and its formation in 1835 and information on the new Texas Army formed in 1969 as a ceremonial and reenactment group.
		An overview of the major tribes that existed in Texas at the time of the first European exploration as well as a map showing each tribe's location in Texas during this era.
	kclibrary.nhmccd.edu /texashistory.html (774 words)

	Texas City, Texas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Texas City High School serves the TCISD portion of Texas City.
		Dickinson High School serves the DISD portion of Texas City.
		La Marque High School serves the LMISD portion of Texas City.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Texas_City (737 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 2002069064
		And, in time, the survivors of that all-American city found themselves wondering if their own government had delivered them into this hell on earth.
		In 1947, Texas City was experiencing boom times, bristling with chemical and oil plants, built to fuel Europe's seemingly endless appetite for the raw materials needed to rebuild its ruined cities.
		It changed the way Americans respond to disasters and the way people viewed the American government -- the Texas City Disaster opened the door for average Americans to confront their government and its leaders in the nation's courts of law.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/hc042/2002069064.html (485 words)

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