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	Texas Root Rot of Oleander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Root rot of oleander is caused by the soil borne fungus Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (Phymatotrichum omnivorum).
		It grows as mycelial strands (photo 2) on the root surface and is readily identified by microscopic observation of its cross-shaped hyphae (photo 3) that are found emerging from strands.
		If Cotton (Texas) root rot is diagnosed, tolerant and immune plants only should be replanted in the area (see Cotton Root Rot bulletin AZ1150).
	ag.arizona.edu /PLP/plpext/diseases/trees/oleander/olerot.htm (170 words)

	Root Development of Field Crops: Chapter III
		The chief activities of roots, aside from growth and anchorage of the plant, are the absorption and conduction of water and nutrients.
		Roots of plants that mature a crop in fairly dry soil must penetrate deeply and spread widely, a distribution hindered by a very moist surface soil early in the life of the plant.
		In fact, roots half an inch in diameter or larger were found growing on the surface of the soil under the straw mulch, and very many fibrous roots were found on the surface soil and penetrating the decaying material.
	www.soilandhealth.org /01aglibrary/010139fieldcroproots/010139ch3.html (12659 words)

	Cotton Root Rot
		In Texas, the disease is economically important in cotton, ornamentals and fruit, nut and shade trees.
		Root bark is decayed and brownish, and bronze colored wooly strands of the fungus are frequently apparent on the root surface.
		By significantly controlling the incidence of root rot at the end of the first rotation, almost total control is possible by the second rotation.
	plantpathology.tamu.edu /Texlab/Multicrop/cottonrootrot.html (1041 words)

	Disease Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Root and crown rots are usually caused by a number of common soil-borne fungi.
		Phytophthora root rot occurs in wet, poorly drained soils during extended periods of rainfall or excessive irrigation.
		Root-knot galls are swelling of the tissue of the root itself, frequently involving the total diameter of the root, and should not be confused with Rhizobium bacterial nodules which usually appear to be appendages attached to the root.
	www.okstate.edu /ag/agedcm4h/pearl/e826/ch8.htm (1876 words)

	Texas Root Rot, Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (Duggar) Hennebert [Syn. Phymatotrichum omnivorum (Shear) Duggar] - Ash ...
		The inner bark and cambium turn brown or fl and mushy, and the root collar may be girdled.
		Infected roots are covered by yellowish, fluffy mycelia that penetrate the bark.
		Black sclerotia formed from compact hyphae on dying roots may be found in the soil.
	www.forestpests.org /ash/texasroot.html (416 words)

	Sustainable Management of Soil-borne Plant Diseases
		Roots were twice as long where they had grown in the presence of both the pathogen and the mycorrhizal fungi as opposed to growing with the pathogen alone.
		Rhizoctonia root rot disease ratings were made using a scale from 0 to 10, where 10 represented the most severe symptoms.
		Root rots caused by Pythium and Phytophthora are generally suppressed by the high numbers and diversity of beneficial microbes found in the compost.
	www.attra.org /attra-pub/soilborne.html (6172 words)

	So what do we do with old fruit trees?
		There are several reasons for the death of fruit trees, but the most common causes are scale, bacterial canker, peach tree borer, root rot, overproduction, and lack of care.
		Root rot, specifically cotton root rot, has been a huge problem in Texas for many years.
		Another type of root rot that affects fruit trees is post oak root rot.
	www.texasgardener.com /pastissues/janfeb04/fruit.html (1560 words)

	Pecan Diseases and Their Control
		Roots can absorb the chemicals as long as two or more years later, when they have grown into a treated area.
		Dying limbs at the ends of branches can be caused by zinc deficiency, winter injury, broken limbs, root suffocation, drought, crown gall, herbicide injury, wind damage, heart rot and wood rot, highly alkaline soils, or mechanical injury to trunk, scaffold limbs, and roots.
		A microscopic examination by a plant pathologist is sometimes needed to confirm the disease as Phymatotrichum root rot.
	cahe.nmsu.edu /pubs/_h/h-645.html (4467 words)

	Seedling and Root Rot Diseases of Sugarbeets
		Seedling diseases and root rot of older sugarbeets are important diseases that occur annually in the Red River Valley and southern Minnesota.
		Rhizoctonia root and crown rot is caused by the AG-2-2 population of R. solani.
		The root rot tolerant varieties yield better than other varieties under conditions favorable for disease development and when the pathogen population is high.
	www.sbreb.org /brochures/Rootrot/rootrot.htm (2941 words)

	Publication: Aphanomyces Root Rot of Sugar Beet
		Necrosis and rot are usually assoiated with outer layers of the sugar beet root.
		The late season, or root rot phase is characterized by foliage that wilts, turns a dull green color, and eventually becomes yellowed (Figure 2).
		Rhizoctonia root and crown rot is another soilborne fungal disease common in western Nebraska.
	www.ianrpubs.unl.edu /epublic/pages/publicationD.jsp?publicationId=318 (1337 words)

	Diseases of Palms in South Texas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Ganoderma butt rot (or basal stem rot) is caused by a wood decay fungus, Ganoderma zonatum.
		The upper surface of the leaf may have chlorotic or brown spots that are not raised, which correspond with the presence of the growth on the underside.
		A dieback and heart rot of sabal in an outdooor nursery was associated with the presence of rhinoceros beetle
	primera.tamu.edu /pubs/palmdis.html (2206 words)

	Texas root rot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		It is a soil-borne fungus of the species Phymatotrichopsis omnivora that attacks the roots of susceptible plants.
		Because the damaged roots are unable to take up enough water to maintain the plant in warm weather, the leaves wilt and the plant dies.
		Among the over 2,000 dicotyledonous plants susceptible to Texas root rot are fruit and nut trees, including figs, pomegranates, elms, grapes, cotton, alfalfa, oleander, and roses.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Texas_root_rot (240 words)

	Plant Answers
		Cotton root rot, caused by the fungus Phymatotrichum omnivorum, also is known by several other names such as Phymatotrichum root rot, Texas root rot and Ozonium root rot.
		In Texas, the disease is economically important in cotton, alfalfa, ornamental plants, and fruit, nut and shade trees.
		When roots are pulled from the soil, root bark is decayed and brownish, and wooly strands of the fungus frequently are apparent on the root surface.
	www.plantanswers.com /cotton_root_rot.htm (1190 words)

	Organic Alfalfa Production
		Stagonospora Rot (Stagonospora meliloti) is a fungal disease that attacks the crown and roots of the alfalfa plant.
		Root damage in established plants appears as round and oval lesions (cankers) on the taproot.
		Root knot galls are distinguished from nitrogen-fixing nodules by their refusal to dislodge from the root when rubbed.
	www.attra.org /attra-pub/alfalfa.html (8305 words)

	UC IPM: Phymatotrichum Root Rot on Alfalfa—UC Pest Management Guidelines
		The first symptom of Phymatotrichum root rot on alfalfa is a rot of the outer surfaces of the roots, followed by bronzing of leaves and sudden wilting.
		A sheath of soil clings to the roots, and white-to-tan mycelial strands are found on the root surface.
		Phymatotrichum root rot, also called Phymatotrichopsis root rot, cotton root rot, and Texas root rot, is limited to certain areas in the deserts of southern California (Palo Verde and to a lesser extent the Imperial and Coachella Valleys) and to Texas and Arizona.
	www.ipm.ucdavis.edu /PMG/r1100911.html (367 words)

	Multicrop Problems 2
		Charcoal Rot (fungus - Macrophomina phaseolina): Many plants are susceptible to this soil borne fungus and symptoms vary according to type.
		Charcoal rot occurs most consistently when plants are experiencing moisture stress due to drought.
		This will continue until the plant either dies or the chemical is no longer present in a toxic level in the root zone.
	plantpathology.tamu.edu /Texlab/multi2.html (1553 words)

	Texas Grape & Green
		Texas has a rich "grape culture" that spans three centuries and precedes the introduction of wine grapes to California by almost one hundred years.
		Though native Texas rootstock is resistant to phylloxera, other enemies such as cotton root rot and Pierce's disease can (and have) completely destroy a vineyard.
		Texas currently has over 60 wineries and is now the nation's fifth largest wine producing state.
	www.texaswinerytours.com /DidYouKnow.html (845 words)

	Producing Texas Fruits and Nuts Organically
		It precludes weed growth, lowers soil temperature in the root zone, conserves water, reduces soil erosion and increases microbial and macrobial activity within the mulch and soil, increasing humus, organic matter, water percolation and soil nutrition.
		Kiwifruit is seriously limited by cotton root rot and hot temperatures during spring and summer.
		Root diseases are avoided by the use of resistant varieties.
	insects.tamu.edu /extension/bulletins/b-5024.html (5138 words)

	Cotton Root Rot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Also known as Texas Root Rot, Phymatotrichum omnivorum a fungus disease which can be very devastating in apples, but also attacks most other fruit.
		Can affect the entire root system, but usually causes the death of the entire tree when it spreads to and girdles the crown.
		Symptoms sometime are manifested through a general unthriftiness of the tree, but more usually are noticed by sudden and rapid wilting and death of the tree.
	aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu /syllabi/319/cottonrootrot.html (110 words)

	Phymatotrichopsis omnivora
		Experiments have shown that strands did not survive for 1 year on roots of killed cotton plants remaining in the soil, and strands buried 25 cm deep in the rhizosphere of cotton plants in the field did not survive for more than 3 months.
		At this stage, the roots are dead and their surface is covered with a network of tawny yellow fungal strands.
		In general, the coarse brown parallel strands of mycelium visible with a hand-lens on rotted roots of host plants are characteristic.
	www.vaxteko.nu /html/sll/eppo/EDS/E-PHMPOM.HTM (1918 words)

	rhapis information
		Root rot is caused by poor drainage or by excessive watering and fertilizing.
		Symptoms of root rot include drooping leaves, change in the color of leaves, as tips turn a reddish brown and the loss of the plants vitality.
		Immediate action must be taken, by removing plant from pot, wash the roots thoroughly with fresh clean water, remove rooting roots, and re-plant in a well draining potting medium.
	www.texasriviera.com /rhapisinfor.html (1225 words)

	Native Plant Information Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		However, it is susceptible to Cotton Root Rot (Phymatotrichopsis omnivora) in poorly drained soil, in over-watered landscapes or during wet seasons.
		Once Cotton Root Rot, also known as Texas Root Rot, has infected one plant in a landscape, the pathogen stays in the soil and will infect other susceptible plants that replace it.
		To positively identify Cotton Root Rot, it is best to pull a dead plant out of the ground, shake off as much soil as possible away from your landscape, and take the plant -- roots and all -- to your county agriculture extension office.
	www.wildflower2.org /NPIN/FAQs/Detail.asp?ID=517 (262 words)

	Crop Profiles - Arizona
		In young bolls, there is an increased possibility of boll rot and drop, while older bolls can harden to the point of being unharvestable.
		Texas root rot is limited very localized patches and does not appear to spread regardless of cultural practices.
		Unlike Texas root rot, farm machinery does spread the sclerotia, the soil borne structures produced in residue.
	pestdata.ncsu.edu /cropprofiles/docs/Azcotton.html (7698 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		The states of Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee, and New Mexico were represented at the Southern Cotton Conference on August 4, 1931.
		On February 1, 1932, a district judge ruled in favor of Smith and declared the Texas Cotton Acreage Control Law to be null and void.
		The Handbook of Texas Online is a joint project of The General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin and the Texas State Historical Association.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/TT/mltpc.html (624 words)

	Landscape Plants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Occasional deep waterings of root zone, though it will tolerate lawns with moderate to ample water.
		Root systems are fragile so handle with care when planting.
		Susceptible to Texas root rot and iron chlorosis.
	home.comcast.net /~anneric/plants/brachychiton-populneus.htm (186 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		Cotton root rot, or Phymatotrichum root rot, is caused by the fungus Phymatotrichum omnivorum.
		Cotton is the most affected commercial field crop, but Phymatotrichum root rot also affects peaches, grapes, roses, and apples and limits production of crops such as alfalfa.
		The organism is moved short distances through root grafts, and its spores are carried long distances by wood-boring insects.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/PP/tzp1.html (478 words)

	South Texas cotton root rot draws study
		Cotton farmers soon may have an economical and effective means of controlling root rot.
		John Matocha, Texas A&M professor of soils and plant nutrition at the Corpus Christi Research and Extension Center, says a chemical fungicide, applied in the seed furrow and encapsulated onto slow release nitrogen starter fertilizer “has shown substantial reductions in root rot damage.”
		Matocha used aerial infrared photography and visual inspections to document root rot infected soils producing cotton and also the nutritional status of grain sorghum crops on identical soils.
	southwestfarmpress.com /mag/farming_south_texas_cotton_2 (497 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Hutson, The Herb Garden Cookbook
		Within about 6 weeks, roots should have formed, and you may cut the "new plant" from its mother plant and transfer it to another place in the garden.
		Root disease and fungal disease are common among herbs such as sage, rosemary, thyme, and lavender when they are overwatered or not planted in a well-draining soil.
		Provided that they are grown under proper conditions, they are generally not prone to serious damage by insects or disease, although herbs that are grown in a poorly draining soil or overwatered are susceptible to root rot and fungal disease.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exhuther.html (7608 words)

	Forage Improvement Division: Legume Breeding
		Cotton root rot, a devastating fungal disease caused by Phymatotrichopsis omnivora, is the biggest obstacle to the use of alfalfa in southern Oklahoma and Texas.
		Cotton root rot affects more than 2000 broad leaf plant species, and no source of resistance has been identified.
		Development of this assay, and the identification of Cotton Root Rot resistant genotypes, will be the first step in developing Cotton Root Rot resistant alfalfa cultivars.
	www.noble.org /ForgBiot/LegumeBreeding/PrintLayout_1_11825_11825.html (592 words)

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