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Topic: Texas Santa Fe Expedition

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	SANTA FE SCENE - Background for Virtual Tour
		Santa Fe is also the highest state capital at 7,000 feet in elevation, and one of a handful of cities in the United States that is over 1,000 people in population and over 6,500 feet in elevation.
		Santa Fe is the oldest capitol city, but it is not the oldest town in New Mexico, the oldest settlement founded by the Spanish is Mesilla down near Las Cruces, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas with a reported date of 1538.
		The Texas-Santa Fe Expedition in 1841 saw a Texas Army invade Santa Fe from the area of Amarillo and be defeated at a battle near Anton Chico, New Mexico.
	www.santafescene.com /walking-tour/background.htm (6810 words)

	Republic of Texas "History"
		Texas' "Convention of 1832" and "Convention of 1833" were triggered by growing dissatisfaction with the policies of the government in Mexico City.
		Santa Anna's entire force of 1,600 men was killed or captured by Houston's army of 800 Texians...
		She was the second woman to serve as governor in the United States, but because of the date of elections in Texas, she was technically the first woman elected to that office.
	www.republic-of-texas.net /history.shtml (2479 words)

	Texas Almanac 2006-2007 \| TexasAlmanac.com \| History
		Of the Texas troops, nine of a force of 910 were killed or mortally wounded, and 30 were less seriously wounded.
		Texas' independence was not recognized by Mexico and Texas' boundary was not determined until the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican War, was signed in 1848.
		Texas Rangers and a volunteer army defeat the Comanches on Aug. 11 at Plum Creek near Lockhart.
	www.texasalmanac.com /history/timeline/revolution (691 words)

	Lesson 47: The Texas Santa Fe Expedition - (Part I)
		Texas claimed all the country extending from the United States on the north and east, to the Rio Grande river on the west; and the Gulf of Mexico on the South.
		Mirabeau B. Lamar, who was then President of Texas, received letters from citizens in Santa Fe, who wrote to him that the people there wanted to be under the laws of Texas and not those of Mexico, whose laws and officers then governed over them.
		There was a double purpose in the expedition: one was secret or political, known only to a few principal persons, who were appointed to offices, either military or commissioners, whose duty it was to arrange with the people of Santa Fe on their arrival at that place.
	www.2020site.org /texas/lesson47.html (734 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		On his return to Santa Fe, Dryden took with him, in addition to the instructions for the commissioners, a letter written by Lamar to the people of Santa Fe.
		BIBLIOGRAPHY: H. Bailey Carroll, The Route of the Texan Santa Fe Expedition of 1841 (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas, 1935).
		Policy Agreement Produced in partnership with the University of Texas Libraries and the Center for Studies in Texas History at the University of Texas at Austin.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/TT/qyt3.html (1036 words)

	Texas Navy - The Yucatán Alliance - Texas State Library
		Since Texas had no money, the bonds were worth nothing more than an IOU, and as soon as Moore was back in Galveston he received a letter asking him to return the notes.
		At the same time as Lamar was launching the ill-fated Santa Fe expedition (see Texas Treasures for more), he entered secret negotiations with Colonel Martin F. Pereza of Yucatán to form an alliance against Mexico.
		Moore recognized the possible peace as a tremendous threat to Texas and persuaded the Yucatecans to keep to their bargain with the Texas navy until they could make sure that Mexico and Santa Anna were sincere about wanting peace.
	www.tsl.state.tx.us /exhibits/navy/alliance.html (1292 words)

	Fort Tours \| McLennan County Historical Markers
		Cattle losses in droughts of the 1880s provoked such widespread cutting of fences that the Texas government recognized this as a crime and in 1884 enacted laws and measures to curb the practice.
		Texas Rangers were dispatched by the Governor at the call of County Judges and Sheriffs to apprehend the fence cutters.
		In 1880 the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas (Katy) Railroad erected a depot at Bold Springs and in 1882 the name of the community was changed to West in honor of Thomas West.
	www.forttours.com /pages/hmmclenn.asp (2605 words)

	President David G. Burnet - Later Years - Texas State Library
		When the Santa Fe Expedition turned disastrous (see Texas Treasures for details), both Lamar and Burnet were threatened with impeachment.
		Burnet was soundly defeated by the popular Houston; as one San Jacinto veteran noted, "Burnet could not be elected fiddler general to the old chief." When he took office for his second term, as a final act of revenge against his foe, Houston blocked payment of Burnet's salary for his tenure as vice-president.
		Texas had not yet met the requirements to be readmitted to the Union after the war, and Burnet and Roberts were never seated.
	www.tsl.state.tx.us /exhibits/presidents/burnet/later.html (883 words)

	History of the Barker Texas History Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		While the official existence of the Barker Texas History Center dates from its opening in April, 1950, its beginning is deeply rooted in the early history of the University of Texas.
		Texas was part of Mexico for 250 years before it became an Anglo-American possession.
		She earned her M.A. in history at the University of Texas in 1925 and was employed at the Texas State Library from 1923 to 1925 with the title of acting archivist.
	www.cah.utexas.edu /collectioncomponents/barkerhistory.html (11091 words)

	The Santa Fé Expedition
		Texas then resolved to be free---to endure no longer the vicissitudes of a fickle and corrupt influence which controlled the powers of Mexico, subverting, all hopes of her greatness, and all our native aspirations for tranquility at home, and national respectability abroad.
		Slight not, then, fellow citizens, the overtures which Texas now makes to you, you are not invited to amalgamate with a Nation of doubtful stability or declining fortunes; but on the contrary, to unite with a well organized and energetic Government which posses the willingness and the ability to vindicate its right---and protect its citizens.
		The fact that in 1850 the United States paid Texas ten millions of dollars for the New Mexican territory, is a sufficient attestation of the wisdom of Lamar in his attempt to peacefully unite it with the destinies of Texas.
	www.tamu.edu /ccbn/dewitt/santafeexped.htm (4091 words)

	American Experience \| Remember the Alamo \| Timeline \| PBS
		It prohibits settlement in Texas by immigrants from the U.S.; establishes military installations in Anglo colonies of Central and East Texas; forbids the importation of slaves; and cancels all colonization contracts still outstanding.
		November: Santa Anna is released by Texans and travels to Washington to meet with U.S. officials.
		Texas president Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar asks Navarro to serve as commissioner of the Texas Santa Fé Expedition.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/alamo/timeline/timeline2.html (1327 words)

	Santa Fe Texas
		Handbook of Texas Online: SANTA FE, TX Santa Fe is an incorporated community on State Highway 6 and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe line sixteen miles northwest of Galveston in west central Galveston County.
		The Santa Fe Independent School District (District) is a political subdivision of the State of Texas, responsible for...
		Santa Fe (Spanish: santaholy, fefaith) is a city located in Galveston County, Texas.
	www.machsanta.com /santafetexas (934 words)

	Civil War in New Mexico - Essays
		An objective of that expedition dispatched by Mirabeau Lamar, president of the new Republic of Texas - was to seize the trade caravans on the Santa Fe Trail.
		New Mexico forces captured the remnant of the Texas expedition that managed to reach New Mexico, and those who were not executed were sent in chains to Mexico City.
		With the capture of Santa Fe, the Confederate conquest of New Mexico was almost complete; only Fort Union remained before the Confederates could move on to the Colorado Territory.
	www.nmcn.org /heritage/civil_war/essays/1.html (3655 words)

	McLennan County Texas Historical Markers - Central Texas Genealogy
		Sent by Republic of Texas president Mirabeau B. Lamar to establish trade and expand Texas Legal Boundaries, the members of the 1841 Texas Santa Fe Expedition met with a number of Hardships endeavoring to carry out their mission.
		As a young Waco Lawyer, Neff was elected to the Texas House of representatives, where he served three terms, 1899-1903, the last as speaker of the house.
		In 1904 the Texas Baptist Sanitarium, later the Baylor Hospital, was founded as a result of his fund raising efforts.
	www.rootsweb.com /~txmclenn/historicalmarkers.htm (12950 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Rogers, The Magnificent Mesquite
		It has become an icon for the Southwest (especially for Texas): an image and symbol of the harshness of its environment, the toughness of its native people, and the perseverance of the early westward settlers who looked over the next ridge to a new challenge.
		In one of their feasts after victories in feuds with other tribes, one of the unusual and grotesque mystical ceremonial practices was to eat mesquitamal flour mixed with the pulverized bones of fellow warriors who had died of natural causes.
		Investigators have concluded that this rapid invasion of mesquite occurred primarily due to three catalysts: the overgrazing of fenced grasslands by domestic cattle, the control and elimination of wildfires, and several recorded periodic droughts during the early 1900s.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exrogmag.html (3219 words)

	August Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The U.S. was afraid of an alliance between the Republic of Texas and Britain so the work to have Texas annexed was stepped up.
		It was published by James Long to record his expedition in the attempt to establish a Republic of Texas.
		Coahuila and Texas were joined as one and the new legislature met at Saltillo.
	www.btinternet.com /~dkw57/aug.html (967 words)

	"Old Whip" The Horse that Santa Anna Rode at San Jacinto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		scout came galloping in and informed Santa Anna that the Texans had also crossed Vince's Bayou and were close upon his rear, it seemed to have alarmed him to an unreasonable extent, considering his military achievements and fame in Mexico.
		Santa Anna then moved up with his army and encamped, facing the enemy about half a mile south.
		The bridge, however, had been burned by Deaf Smith, and when the fugitive President of Mexico arrived there, he essayed to cross the boggy little bayou, but 'Old Whipa' stuck fast in the mire, and he was compelled to abandon him and the fine saddle and hide himself in a thicket.
	www.texasgenealogy.org /fortbend/oldwhip.htm (628 words)

	Chihuahua Trail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The commerce became so lucrative that Texas sent a military expedition to New Mexico in 1841 –; the Texas Santa Fe Expedition – purportedly for the purpose of establishing trade but with the sub rosa intention of annexing the territory and co-opting the trade.
		From the first expedition of Spanish colonists to the coming of the railroad, travelers on the Chihuahua Trail, from Chihuahua City to Santa Fe, frequently suffered and sometimes died under the hardships of a march across the desert to the Southern Rocky Mountains.
		Santa Fe – "The town is very irregularly laid out, and most of the streets are little better than common highways… The only attempt at anything like architectural compactness and precision consists in four tiers of buildings whose fronts are shaded with a fringe of portales [entrances] or corredores [corridors] of the rudest possible description.
	www.desertusa.com /mag03/trails/trails05.html (4539 words)

	Texan Santa Fe Expedition -- 1841 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Throughout the period of the Republic of Texas and ending with the Compromise of 1850, Texas claimed a large area to the north and west of its current boundaries.
		In an effort to reap some of the commercial benefits of this trade and to further establish Texas' claim to the Santa Fe area, President Mirabeau B. Lamar appointed commissioners to the region and promised governmental representation and other benefits to its citizens.
		Volunteers were solicited and prospective merchants of Santa Fe trade were promised transportation and protection for their goods during the expedition.
	www.lsjunction.com /events/santafe.htm (398 words)

	TEXAS RANGER DISPATCH Magazine
		Brooks’ renown as a tracker of horse and cattle thieves in the Valley [the Rio Grande River area is known in Texas as the Valley] earned him praise across the state.
		In January 1944, the old captain was dead from kidney failure after a rough life that included more than a portion of bourbon whiskey, thousands of miles of Texas trails, and many deadly confrontations with the criminals he tracked.
		From 1901 until his retirement five years later, J. Brooks earned the accolades of a generation of Texas Rangers as one of the legendary “Four Captains” who helped re-shape and lead the Ranger Force into the 20th century.
	www.texasranger.org /dispatch/15/pages/Shining_Star_Brooks.htm (764 words)

	Links
		Horace Bailey Carroll was the head of the history department at University of Texas for many years.
		He did his thesis on the route of the expedition and based it in part on doing what I did three decades later..
		Texas is only a score of miles to the east...
	www.jackpurcellbooks.us /pages/links/links.htm (1377 words)

	American Experience \| Remember the Alamo \| People & Events \| PBS
		Navarro, however, was at the mercy of the Mexican president Antonio López de Santa Anna.
		His affiliation with the Santa Fé Expedition and his sojourn in a Mexican prison added to his already lustrous reputation for having signed the Texas Declaration of Independence, and he arrived a hero.
		The Santa Fé Expedition may have failed, but it was just a prelude to further American encroachment on Mexican territory.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/alamo/peopleevents/e_santafe.html (446 words)

	Athens, a Texas City that Never Was.
		In his classic book, "The Texan Santa Fe Expedition," journalist George Wilkins Kendall tells a short but interesting story of a world-class Texas city that never was.
		Kendall's book is about the ill-conceived 1841 Texas venture to New Mexico, an attempt by Republic of Texas President Mirabeau B. Lamar to establish trade with Santa Fe, which had an overland link to St. Louis in the United States.
		The story of the expedition is an epic folly, but Kendall seems not to have been able to resist any story he came across.
	www.texasescapes.com /MikeCoxTexasTales/183-Athens-Texas-City-That-Never-Was.htm (688 words)

	The Santa Fé Expedition: Kendall Account
		Chapter 13 begins with the capture of the contingent of the expedition that Kendall was with near San Miguel, the narrative includes their experiences while in custody in San Miguel and the capture of the other contingent up to departure on the march to Mexico.
		He was answered by Van Ness and Howard that it was a mercantile expedition from Texas, and that the intentions of the leaders were pacific.
		He well knew that nine tenths of his people hated and despised him, and were also inclined for an immediate annexation to Texas; he knew, too, that they feared him, and that nothing but their extreme ignorance and timidity had prevented them, years before, from throwing off his yoke.
	www.tamu.edu /ccbn/dewitt/santakendall.htm (7361 words)

	AllRefer.com - George Wilkins Kendall (Journalism And Publishing, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		In 1841 he joined the disastrous Texan expedition to Santa Fe, sponsored by the president of Texas, Mirabeau Lamar, in the hope of winning the allegiance of the New Mexico area to the Republic of Texas.
		After his release Kendall wrote Narrative of the Texan Santa Fe Expedition (1844).
		He was an exponent of war with Mexico, and, when hostilities began, he served first under Gen. Zachary Taylor and then as aide to Gen. William Worth in Gen. Winfield Scott's campaigns.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/K/KendallG.html (265 words)

	New Mexico History: Historic Facts and Overview
		When the expedition approached what is now southern Arizona, Estevan and several companions went ahead to scout the country.
		For the next two years, the expedition explored deep into the North American continent, but discovered only that the Seven Cities of Cibola were, after all, nothing but a myth.
		Santa Fe was founded as the capital in 1609 by New Mexico's third governor, Don Pedro de Peralta.
	www.e-referencedesk.com /resources/state-history/new-mexico.html (1624 words)

	TPWD: Meridian State Park
		The Texas-Santa Fe expedition of 1841 passed through Bosque County near the present site of park in Bosque Valley.
		Flora/Fauna: This park is very wooded with predominantly Ashe juniper and oak, as well as abundant plants and wildflowers.
		Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 4200 Smith School Road, Austin, TX 78744
	www.tpwd.state.tx.us /park/meridian (378 words)

	New Mexico History Timeline
		Pedro de Peralta establishes a new capital at Santa Fe.
		September 14, 1692, Don Diegode Vargas proclaimed a formal act of possession and recolonizes Santa Fe.
		Texas soldiers invade New Mexico and claim all land east of the Rio Grande.
	www.e-referencedesk.com /resources/state-history-timeline/new-mexico.html (1143 words)

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