Texture (geology) - Factbites

Texture (geology) - Factbites
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Topic: Texture (geology)

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	b2195.txt
		Extrusive igneous rocks (of volcanic origin) take on a texture consistent with the manner or eruption, such as frothy or blocky lava rock, a condensed volcanic ash, or even natural glass (obsidian).
		The rock is chiefly of rhyolite and andesite composition, and has the texture of a breccia or tuff, an extrusive igneous rock with a rough, sometimes frothy texture and a chemical and mineralogical composition similar to granite (rich in silica and aluminum oxides).
		Rocks of intermediate composition include diorite (intrusive) and andesite (the extrusive equivalent).
	geopubs.wr.usgs.gov /bulletin/b2195/b2195.txt (21237 words)

	Igneous Rock Types and Textures
		Pyroclastic texture -- rhyolite tuff: This is an extrusive rock formed by fragments of hot volcanic rock and crystals blasted out of a volcano and welded together by the heat after the particles came to rest.
		Vesicular texture -- basalt scoria: This is an extrusive igneous rock that chilled very quickly, so that the bubbles (vesicles) formed by escaping gas were preserved.
		Aphanitic texture -- basalt: This is a volcanic (or extrusive) igneous rock.
	www.humboldt.edu /~geodept/geology108/igneous_rocks.html (352 words)

	AllRefer.com - porphyry, igneous rock (Geology And Oceanography) - Encyclopedia
		The texture is important in the determination of the circumstances under which the rock formed.
		Some authorities consider the expression "porphyritic rock" better usage than porphyry, since the term refers only to the texture of the rock: not its chemical, physical, or mineralogical composition or color.
		The varieties of porphyry are many, the specimens being named by the character of the phenocrysts in the groundmass.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/porphyry.html (297 words)

	Structural Geology at New Mexico Tech
		Facilities for structural research include: a Starkey X-ray texture camera for complete crystallographic preferred orientations, a structural lab with image analysis facilities for the texture camera, petrographic microscopes, and U-stage, a state of the art automated lab for Ar/Ar geochronology, and a lab for fission track analysis.
		A Penrose Conference "Faults and Subsurface Fluid Flow: Fundamentals and Applications to Hydrogeology and Petroleum Geology" was organised by members of the Structural Group.
		The structure group also meets weekly; in these meetings we discuss such things as our current research, any particular problems we are having in our research (a collective brain-storming session, interesting papers we have read recently, etc.
	www.ees.nmt.edu /Geol/Structure/struct.html (466 words)

	Rock (geology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rocks are classified by mineral and chemical composition; the texture of the constituent particles; and also by the processes that formed them.
		Plutonic or intrusive rocks result when magma cools and crystallises slowly within the Earth's crust, while volcanic or extrusive rocks result from magma reaching the surface either as lava (when the molten rock is in the mantle, it is called magma, when it is above the crust, it is called lava) or fragmental ejecta.
		Sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition of either detrital or organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rock_(geology) (324 words)

	AllRefer.com - rock : Igneous Rocks (Geology And Oceanography) - Encyclopedia
		Both fine-grained and coarse-grained igneous rocks frequently contain grains called phenocrysts that are larger than the surrounding grains; such rocks are said to be porphyritic in texture (see porphyry).
		Rocks such as tuff and volcanic breccia, which are formed from fragmental volcanic material, are sometimes grouped as pyroclastic rocks.
		If the rock is formed on the earth's surface (i.e., from the solidification of lava), it is called extrusive rock; igneous rock that has cooled and solidified slowly beneath the earth's surface is intrusive rock.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/rock-igneous-rocks.html (317 words)

	Metamorphic Rocks - Basic Course in Geology
		In geology this refers to the changes in mineral assemblage and texture that result from subjecting a rock to pressures and temperatures different from those under which the rock originally formed.
		The sequence of metamorphic facies observed in any metamorphic terrain, depends on the geothermal gradient that was present during metamorphism.andnbrp; A high geothermal gradient such as the one labeled "A" in the figure shown here, might be present around an igneous intrusion, and would result in metamorphic rocks belonging to the hornfels facies.
		Metamorphic grade is a general term for describing the relative temperature and pressure conditions under which metamorphic rocks form.
	earthsci.org /teacher/basicgeol/meta/meta.html (317 words)

	The Elements of Geology - CHAPTER V - THE WORK OF GLACIERS
		The load laid down at the end of a glacier in the terminal moraine is loose in texture, while the drift lodged beneath the glacier as ground moraine is often an extremely dense, stony clay, having been compacted under the pressure of the overriding ice.
		The Elements of Geology - CHAPTER V - THE WORK OF GLACIERS
		The drift dragged along at the glacier's base and lodged beneath it is known as the ground moraine.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Geology/00000018.htm (6320 words)

	Colorado Geology Overview
		Late Proterozoic rifting must have interrupted the process at times, but by Late Cambrian time, statewide erosion had exposed a featureless expanse of planed off crystalline basement rocks originally hailing from a variety of mid-crustal levels, judging from their mineral assemblages.
		Their presence must be inferred from the absence of rock units that might otherwise have been expected to appear in a particular location.
		This texture, clearly visible in any shaded relief or geologic map, follows a network of lithosphere-scale (extensional, normal) rift faults that accumulated throughout the western and midwestern United States from the Berthoud Orogeny at 1.4 Ga through the protracted breakup of the global supercontinent Rodinia between 0.9 and 0.6 Ga.
	www.cliffshade.com /colorado/geo_overview.htm (6320 words)

	Colorado Geology Overview
		This texture, clearly visible in any shaded relief or geologic map, follows a network of lithosphere-scale (extensional, normal) rift faults that accumulated throughout the western and midwestern United States from the Berthoud Orogeny at 1.4 Ga through the protracted breakup of the global supercontinent Rodinia between 0.9 and 0.6 Ga.
		During the Laramide, two surviving rift basins filled with Precambrian sediments (now the Uinta and Uncompahgre formations) were squeezed and inverted to form the Uinta uplift and the southern (San Juan) portion of the Uncompahgre uplift as well.
		Late Proterozoic rifting must have interrupted the process at times, but by Late Cambrian time, statewide erosion had exposed a featureless expanse of planed off crystalline basement rocks originally hailing from a variety of mid-crustal levels, judging from their mineral assemblages.
	www.cliffshade.com /colorado/geo_overview.htm (10393 words)

	Geology 101-Outline #11: Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks
		Metamorphism: refers to all changes in mineral assemblages and texture of rock that take place within the Earth's crust, as a result of changes in temperature and pressure.
		When a "dry" rock is heated, few changes occur because the growth of new minerals means that atoms must move by diffusing through solid materials (very slow process).
		Prograde vs retrograde metamorphism: P.G. temperature and pressure are rising.
	faculty.washington.edu /tswanson/11-meta.html (10393 words)

	Physical Geology Introduction
		METAMORPHIC ROCKS Metamorphism refers to a set of processes that result in changes in mineralogy and texture accompanying changes in temperature and pressure.
		As noted previously, the boundary between diagenesis (sedimentary) and the onset of metamorphism is truly fuzzy.
	www.uh.edu /~jbutler/physical/chap8.html (10393 words)

	Drainage pattern classification by texture analysis
		The window size corresponds to the size of calculated area in co-occurrence matrix, therefore the change of window size influence the texture of geographical features.
		When the DEM is distributed between 1 and n, the co-occurrence matrix become n*n matrix size, the analyses were carried out with the images level sliced by 10m,20m, 40m and 80m.
		The size od co-occurrence matrix is decided on the quantization level of DEM.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /aars/acrs/1990/I1/GD004.shtml (334 words)

	New York Geology
		The crust of the earth is solid rock, tens of kilometers thick, made up of individual rock bodies that vary in size, shape, orientation, composition, color, and texture.
		Surficial material is ignored on generalized bedrock geologic maps, but it is shown here in several areas of the Adirondacks and over all of Long Island, where is it so thick that it masks all clues to the bedrock geology.
		Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust, which causes the continents to stand higher than the ocean floors.
	gretchen.geo.rpi.edu /roecker/nys/nys_edu.pamphlet.html (6087 words)

	Petroleum Geology and Geophysics
		Geology: Composition, texture and lithologies of reservoir and seal rocks; mineral composition in sandstones.
		Exploration and development staff requiring an up-to-date understanding of practical structural geology.
		Engineers with little or no knowledge of geology, as well as geologists involved in all aspects of reservoir development.
	www.ihrdc.com /train/eptech/glgp.htm (3688 words)

	AAPG-Abstracts
		In order to identify, track, and characterize glauconitic sandstones from seismic data, it is important to relate the elastic properties of glauconitic sandstone to their physical properties, most important among which are mineralogy, porosity, and rock texture.
		While it is highly debatable how effectively the rock studies of traditional geology can be migrated into an electronic teaching medium, logging measurements are intrinsically numerical and so can only benefit from computer methods of petrophysical data transmission, log display, and geological analysis.
		Program Selection: Theme 9 - Reservoir Geology and Characterization Topic Selection: IE0: AAPG: Rock Physics: The Missing Link between Geology, Geophysics, and Production Invited: N Previously Presented: A previous paper with preliminary results was presented in the Poster section in Denver.
	pangea.stanford.edu /~manika/AAPG-Abstracts (3688 words)

	Grower's Toolbox-Diverse geology/soils impact wine quality
		Nutrients are dissolved in water, so soil’s important physical properties are the texture (grain size) and structure (the shape and arrangement of particles), which determine soil permeability or the ability of water to pass through the soil.
		As winemakers learn more about the geology and soil, they will be able to take advantage of these factors to produce more world-class wines.
		He also teaches classes at Santa Rosa Junior College and California Academy of Sciences and field seminars at Point Reyes and has a website: www.terrywrightgeology.com.
	www.scgga.com /pages/growerstoolbox/gtgeology_soils.html (3688 words)

	Physical Geology - Metamorphism
		"Metamorphic rocks form from other rocks (protolith) by essentially solid-state changes in mineralogy and/or texture as a result of a change in chemical and/or physical environment.
		Once all of the pictures and information were compiled, we scanned the images and started construction of the web site.Big Bend for the purpose of researching the geology of the park and taking pictures of pertinent geologic features.
		The upper part of the earth (mantle, crust and surface) can be envisioned as a giant recycling machine; matter that makes up rocks is neither created nor destroyed, but is redistributed and transformed from one rock type to another.
	www.uh.edu /~jbutler/physical/chapter8.html (3688 words)

	GLY 220 Physical Geology Notes
		Vesicular — Porous: bubbles exist in the rock where the rock formed with gas bubbles in the lava.
		Pumice= light, vesicular felsites (intermediate to high-silica rocks) with much smaller bubbles, because the lava is so highly viscous.
		Aphanitic— Invisible: texture dominated by crystals too small to be visible to the naked eye.
	www.uky.edu /AS/Geology/howell/220/notes4B-igneous-part2.html (3688 words)

	RESERVOIR GEOLOGY
		Parameters such as depth, texture (color, grain size, sorting), lithology, primary/secondary sedimentary structure, bedding/contact features, vertical succession of the rock body, trace fossil, oil stains, and qualitative porosity are routinely observed, described, and illustrated.
		In other words, it is an investigation of the three dimensions continuity/discontinuity of porosity and permeability within reservoirs at all scales, and to obtaining a clear view of how this continuity will influence both static and dynamic fluid distributions.
		Porosity and permeability distributions determined from core analysis and both potential permeability barriers and conduits may be defined and physically characterized.
	www.lemigas-core.com /resgeo.htm (3688 words)

	PSIgate - FE Subject Pack - PETROLOGY - SEDIMENTARY
		Topics covered include: properties of sedimentary rocks; collection and preparation of samples for analysis; texture studies; mineral composition of sedimentary rocks; petrology of sandstones; petrology of mudrocks; description and nomenclature for terrigenous sediments; petrology of carbonate rocks; and diagenesis.
		An introduction to sediments and sedimentary rocks is given in these notes taken from an 'Introduction to geology' course (Geology 101-03) at the University of Alabama Department of Geological Sciences.
		It includes sections for: an introduction to sedimentary rocks for beginners; images and descriptions of sedimentary rocks that are tied into a classification scheme; sedimentary rock classification and identification; sedimentary depositional environments; sedimentary rock evolution; tectonics and sedimentary rocks; additional links to other Internet resources.
	www.psigate.ac.uk /education/fe/petrology_-_sedimentary.html (857 words)

	Geometry, Structure, and Concealed Lithology of the San Rafael Basin, Southeastern Arizona
		Lithologies (map units) are extended out from the basin margin until there is some indication of change, generally a fault and/or a change in magnetic texture in the near-ground closely spaced Earth’s magnetic field data.
		A magnetic lithology with a rough texture lies under the profile from 6 to 9.5 kilometers, this is thought to be JTRvs due to the JTRvs outcrops to the north and south.
		If the "roughness" or amplitude of the signal component from the concealed lithology dominates the texture of the total magnetic signal acquired over basin fill (the target signal), it is generally possible to narrow the choices of potential concealed lithologies to a list of candidate lithologies.
	geopubs.wr.usgs.gov /open-file/of99-399 (12666 words)

	lunarchem.html
		NO.: 0840419 AUTHORS: STOFFLER,D. LANGUAGE: EN (English) LOCATION: BOOKS (QB 591 A7A 1984) CATEGORY: 01 (Moon) KEYWORDS: MOON; CRUST; DESCARTES REGION; NORTH RAY CRATER; APOLLO 16; CHEMISTRY; PETROGRAPHY; SAMPLES, LUNAR; STATION 11; STATION 13; CLASSIFICATION; TEXTURE; LITHOLOGY; DATA
		NO.: 0840418 AUTHORS: STOFFLER,D. LANGUAGE: EN (English) LOCATION: BOOKS (QB 591 A7A 1984) CATEGORY: 01 (Moon) KEYWORDS: MOON; CRUST; DESCARTES REGION; NORTH RAY CRATER; APOLLO 16; CHRONOLOGY; GEOLOGY; SAMPLES, LUNAR; AGES; PETROLOGY; CHEMISTRY; MODELS; DATA; EVOLUTION; ARGON; DATAING TECHNIQUES; ISOTOPES
		NO.: 0820541 AUTHORS: WHITFORD-STARK,J.L. LANGUAGE: EN (English) LOCATION: BOOKS (QB 591 A7A 1982) CATEGORY: 01 (Moon) KEYWORDS: MOON; TSIOLKOVSKY; WATERMAN; CRATERING; IMPACTS; MELTS; EJECTA; X-RAYS; CENTRAL PEAK; GEOLOGY; CRATERS; SPECTROMETRY; SAMPLES, LUNAR; CHEMISTRY; COMPOSITION; FEATURES; MORPHOLOGY; DEPOSITS
	www.ari.net /moon/lunarchem.html (12666 words)

	35
		In fluvial meandering facies of the Gilboa Formation (Upper Givetian; uppermost Middle Devonian) within the eastern Catskill Mountains of New York, a well-rounded pebble revealed the texture and composition of metamorphosed diabase.
		FRIEDMAN, GERALD M., Department of Geology, Brooklyn College and Graduate School of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, and Northeastern Science Foundation affiliated with Brooklyn College, Rensselaer Center of Applied Geology, 15 Third Street, P.O. Box 746, Troy, NY 12181-0746
		The age of the Gilboa Formation (Upper Givetian) has been dated at 385 to 370 Ma.
	www.coaleducation.org /abstract/coalgeo/35.htm (12666 words)

	Arkansas
		The Slates of Arkansas, by A. Purdue, with a Bibliography of the Geology of Arkansas by J. Branner, Geol.
		Marble : "The crystalline texture of Arkansas marbles varies from coarse to fine and the colors may range from light gray to black, tan to yellow to rust, and it may have one uniform color or several shades...Marble is mined exclusively from limestones and dolostones...in north Arkansas.
		Contributions To The Geology of Arkansas: Volume II, MP 18B, edited by J.D. McFarland, III and W.V. Bush, 1984, 168 pp., 67 figs., 5 tables, 5 pls.
	www.cagenweb.com /quarries/states/arkansas.html (4585 words)

	Geology 200A - Lab 2 (Ophiolites)
		034 2-9b1: 2-9b2 dull green, aphanitic small pillow basalt with spherical aggregates of feldspar and pyroxene microlites called lithophysae (this texture is known as variolitic texture); rapid nucleation from chilling of the hot lava by cold seawater; uppermost effusive unit of the ophiolite.
		020 2-7a: dark grey, compositionally layered and foliated gabbro composed of clinopyroxene and plagioclase; basal cumulate of an ophiolite gabbro layer; this rock has a primary high temperature 'plastic' foliation induced during sea-floor spreading.
		031 2-8d: feldspar porphyric diabase dike; feldspars occur as both large crystals (phenocrysts), and as microlitic laths; sheeted dike unit of an ophiolite.
	instruct.uwo.ca /earth-sci/200a-001/200lab2.htm (902 words)

	The New York Review of Books: On the Thread of Language
		Clampitt is unself-consciously allusive; the poems are rich with geographical and literary texture, a texture that supports and cushions and gives body to the meditation—sometimes eager, sometimes resentful—that forms the main strand of each poem.
		Like all poetic minds it thinks in images, drawn here from an alluring variety of origins—nature (from Iowa to Greece), religion (from Athena to Christ), science (from geology to entomology), art (from manuscript illumination to Beethoven), and literature (from Homer to Hopkins).
	www.nybooks.com /articles/article-preview?article_id=6306 (317 words)

	Field geology maps and reports
		A geologic map is usually accompanied be a written report that provides further explanation of the surficial geology depicted on the map.
		Map of surficial geology of Butler County, Kansas.
		Results -- Each geologic map unit is described in terms of its physical properties (color, composition, thickness, texture, fossils), geographic location, stratigraphic position, and common geomorphic expression in the field.
	academic.emporia.edu /aberjame/field/geo_map.htm (1068 words)

	Gilbert's Fine Dining
		Chef Hnilo considers every detail of each dish to fit within the context of the lake geology, history, traditions and viticulture.
		Every item on the menu has a reason for being there, with each dish balancing another, each flavor enhancing the last and each texture leading to the next.
		Don't miss the wine dinner of the year, October 6th, at Gilbert's Restaurant in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.
	www.gilbertsrestaurant.com (1068 words)

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In the News (Tue 8 Dec 09)