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Topic: Texture mapping

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	Texture mapping - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Texture mapping is a method of adding detailed colour to a computer-generated graphic.
		An image (the texture) is added (mapped) to a simpler shape that is generated in the scene, like a decal pasted onto its surface.
		At the hardware level usually texture coordinates are specified at each vertex of a given triangle (any polygon may be broken down into triangles for rendering), and these coordinates are interpolated as part of a calculation that is an extension of Bresenham's line algorithm.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Texture_mapping (227 words)

	Texture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Texture refers to the properties held and sensations caused by the external surface of objects received through the sense of touch.
		Texture is sometimes used to describe the feel of non-tactile sensations.
		Texture can also be termed as a pattern that has been scaled down (especially in case of two dimensional non-tactile textures) where the individual elements that go on to make the pattern are not distinguishable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Texture (238 words)

	Texture Mapping Encyclopedia @ 216.92.11.26 () (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Texture mapping is a method of adding realism to a computer-generated graphic.
		For instance, a sphere may be generated and a face texture mapped, to remove the need for processing the shape of the nose and eyes.
		Bresenham's line algorithm is used to first draw the edges of the triangle, then interpolate the texture along the edges and, finally, interpolate the texture within each span.
	216.92.11.26 /encyclopedia/Texture_mapping (405 words)

	Chapter 9 - OpenGL Programming Guide (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company)
		Texture mapping allows you to glue an image of a brick wall (obtained, perhaps, by scanning in a photograph of a real wall) to a polygon, and to draw the entire wall as a single polygon.
		Texture mapping ensures that all the right things happen as the polygon is transformed and rendered: When the wall is viewed in perspective, for example, the bricks decrease in size along with the wall as the wall gets farther from the viewpoint.
		Texture maps are square or rectangular, but after being mapped to a polygon or surface and transformed into screen coordinates, the individual texels of a texture rarely correspond to individual pixels of the final screen image.
	fly.srk.fer.hr /~unreal/theredbook/chapter09.html (8738 words)

	Texture Mapping
		On the sphere, the center of the picture is mapped to the front of the sphere, and the image is stretched around the sphere.
		Note, the map is a Mercator projection; an attempt to map a spherical shape onto a two dimensional rectangular flat surface, which is impossible to do exactly.
		Textures are pretty interesting, but we often need to manipulate them in more interesting ways.
	wally.cs.iupui.edu /~aharris/n355/texture/texture.html (1641 words)

	OpenGL VII: Scratching the Surface of Texture Mapping (Open GL Technical Articles) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The process of applying or mapping a texture to a surface is known as texture mapping.
		Texture mapping is the application (or mapping) of an image (or texture) to the surface of a polygon or other graphics primitive, as illustrated in Figure 2.
		Texture mapping is one of the best ways to make a 3-D scene appear more realistic.
	msdn.microsoft.com /library/techart/msdn_gl7.htm (2908 words)

	OpenGL FAQ / 21 Texture Mapping
		Texture mapping should be enabled, and a texture map must be bound (when using texture objects) or otherwise submitted to OpenGL (for example, with a call to glTexImage2D()).
		Because lighting values are calculated before texture mapping (lighting is a per vertex operation, while texture mapping is a per fragment operation), the texture color replaces the colors calculated by lighting.
		When a texture object is bound, changes to texture object state are stored in the texture object, including changes to the texture map itself.
	www.opengl.org /resources/faq/technical/texture.htm (1635 words)

	Texture Mapping
		During texture mapping you’ll be grabbing texels from the texture and drawing them onto the polygon.
		Thus, as the user moves around the room the sky texture will only appear to shift very slightly, thus giving the impression that the roof is much higher than it really is (just as objects appear smaller the further they are they also appear to shift less the further they are).
		In perfect mapping we align it so that this error is always centered at the midpoint of the pixel we are after, so the resulting uv values always fall within the same pixel.
	www.geocities.com /SiliconValley/2151/tmap.html#perfect (6841 words)

	Polar texture mapping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		When texture mapping a sphere with a rectangular texture image with polar texture coordinates, the parts of the image near the poles get distorted.
		At the poles is the extreme case where the whole top and bottom row of pixels in the texture map is compressed down to one point.
		Assume the texture map is mapped vertically onto lines of latitude (theta) and mapped horizontally onto lines of longitude (phi).
	astronomy.swin.edu.au /~pbourke/texture/polargrid (382 words)

	Spherical Texture Mapping
		When loading a mesh from a modeling package, texture mapping coordinates are usually included to indicate how a texture is applied to the mesh.
		The basis of this mapping technique is to treat the object as if it were a sphere, and mapping coordinates based by determining the position on a sphere by angular displacement.
		Texture coordinates are generated based on the angle of the surface at each point.
	www.mvps.org /directx/articles/spheremap.htm (445 words)

	Textures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Texture mapping is the method by which the models are painted.
		While there are additional maps (for reflectivity, transparency and specularity) the three basic maps shown below illustrate the importance of texture design and application.
		Each map is a painting unto itself and may require hours of attention to insure the model will look correct.
	www.arance.net /textures.htm (206 words)

	Gamasutra - Features - "Refractive Texture Mapping, Part One" [11.10.00]
		This article presents, in two parts, a detailed implementation of refractive texture mapping for a simple water wave simulation using directional sine waves applied to a flat polygonal mesh.
		Sphere mapping is a technique used to simulate reflections in curved surfaces.
		As in 3D space, the reflected ray has three values (X, Y, Z) and the texture mapping is a 2D entity, the values need to be transformed in some way to generate the final UV coordinates.
	www.gamasutra.com /features/20001110/oliveira_01.htm (1046 words)

	GameDev.net - OpenGL Texture Mapping: An Introduction
		Once a texture is uploaded to the video memory it can be used throughout the time in which your application is running.
		Before a texture can be uploaded to the video memory there is some setup that must take place so OpenGL knows what to do with the image data that is passed to it.
		The process for applying a texture to geometry greatly depends on what type of data you are dealing with and how you would like things to run.
	www.gamedev.net /reference/articles/article947.asp (1362 words)

	Spacesimulator.net - OpenGL Texture mapping
		texture mapping is a technique used to cover an object with an image.
		The procedure to fill a polygon using texture mapping is very similar to the one used to fill it with color.
		The difference now is that in the parameter texture is the identifier of the texture for the current object.
	www.spacesimulator.net /tut3_texturemapping.html (3747 words)

	NeHe Productions: OpenGL Lesson #06
		To properly map a texture onto a quad, you have to make sure the top right of the texture is mapped to the top right of the quad.
		The top left of the texture is mapped to the top left of the quad, the bottom right of the texture is mapped to the bottom right of the quad, and finally, the bottom left of the texture is mapped to the bottom left of the quad.
		You should be able to texture map the surface of any quad with an image of your choice.
	nehe.gamedev.net /data/lessons/lesson.asp?lesson=06 (2219 words)

	GLTex Demos How to Use DIBs for Texture Mapping
		"Texture Wrap S" and "Texture Wrap T" allow you to specify whether the image should repeat in the S and T directions (these can be thought of as the X and Y directions in the texture's world).
		Because 0.0 is the default for the first parameter, one side of the texture is always mapped to the edge of the cube's face.
		This should be used in conjunction with Texture Wrap S and T for repeating the texture across the cube's faces.
	support.microsoft.com /support/kb/articles/Q148/3/01.asp (1079 words)

	Gamasutra - Features - "Refractive Texture Mapping, Part 2" [11.17.00]
		Part One of this article investigated the use of sphere mapping to simulate curved-surface reflections.
		The steps to implement refractive texture mapping are similar to those used in Part One, but instead of figuring out the reflected ray, the refracted ray is computed.
		The texture doesn't need to be spherical; a simple planar map produces the best results.
	www.gamasutra.com /features/20001117/oliveira_01.htm (1171 words)

	BioRUST.com :: Tutorials >> Texture Mapping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Textures can be an excellent way to add great amounts of detail to an interface (or any other form of art) very quickly.
		There are, of course, many ways to apply textures to your interfaces, but this is my method...
		If you used a custom shape and it doesn't show through well, try putting the texture on top of the shape instead (but still make sure the top layer is set to multiply).
	biorust.com /index.php?page=tutorial_detail&tutid=10 (470 words)

	GameDev.net - Texture Mapping
		I don't have the intention of explaining what texture mapping is and how it works, there is plenty of information about that on the net.
		The vector W is a vector facing away from the texture plane and is also parallel to the polygon's normal.
		It is used to align a texture on a polygon.
	www.gamedev.net /reference/articles/article676.asp (1387 words)

	Crystal Space 3D - Community Page : Texture Mapping Character Meshes in Blender (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Texture mapping a mesh with an image you assign on a vertex-by-vertex basis.
		Once you create the UV mapping for one half of one arm, you should uniformly scale the remaining UV vertexes to be the same size and dimension.
		You should also notice that the little UV mapped square that we created at the beginning of this chapter has now disappeared â€“ we've should have since re-mapped all of the vertexes that were once part of that global pool of UV vertexes.
	community.crystalspace3d.org /tiki-read_article.php?articleId=30 (2806 words)

	Texture Mapping Interactive Demonstration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In general, texture mapping is the process of "painting" a picture onto a surface in a scene.
		For example, planar walls can have stone textures mapped onto them for a very convincing image of three-dimensional stone walls (check out your favorite 3D computer game for an excellent example of tex-mapping in action).
		This applet lets you texture map your favorite image on to a surface of your choosing and then lets you view the result from different perspectives.
	www.nbb.cornell.edu /neurobio/land/OldStudentProjects/cs490-96to97/anson/TextureMappingApplet (393 words)

	Texture mapping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		texture maps may be drawn, scanned, photographed, generated mathematically (fractals), sampled from a video image...
		Effect: the texture runs straight through the entire object from one side to the other.
		texture coordinates will map around model surface directly; there is a 1 to 1 mapping between texture and all points on the model surface
	www.cosc.brocku.ca /Offerings/3P98/course/lectures/texture (1098 words)

	Texture mapping at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		A simple texture mapping can be coded simply taking the position of each pixel in the interested object and re-mapping it on the texture image using linear interpolation.
		This algorithm actually works quite well, but can suffer from various problem when objects are small, or with odd angles of view.
		On Tuesday, Google announced a major update for its popular satellite imagery and map products, one year after Google Earth was launched.
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Texture_mapping.html (382 words)

	Howstuffworks "What are Gouraud shading and texture mapping in 3-D video games?"
		Where Gouraud shading interpolates colors by averaging between the vertices, Phong shading averages each pixel based on the colors of the pixels adjacent to it.
		Another common technique for determining the appearance of a polygon is to use texture mapping.
		Most video game consoles and computer graphics adapters contain a special chip and dedicated memory that stores the special images used for texture mapping and applies them to each polygon on the fly.
	entertainment.howstuffworks.com /question484.htm (464 words)

	OpenGL Texture Mapping : An Introduction
		The first thing that must take place in the process up uploading the texture is a call to glBindTexture.
		This tells OpenGL how many color components to represent internally from the texture that is uploaded There are many symbolic constants for this parameter but the one which is most widely used is GL_RGB, this constant is equal to 3.
		After you have done everything above the texture will me uploaded and ready to be applied to your geometry.
	www.gmonline.demon.co.uk /cscene/CS8/CS8-02.html (1365 words)

	HP Labs : Research : Polynomial texture mapping (PTM)
		Polynomial Texture Mapping (PTM) is a new method for increasing the photorealism of texture maps.
		Coefficients of a biquadratic polynomial are stored per texel, and used to reconstruct the surface color under varying lighting conditions.
		Unlike bump maps, Polynomial Texture Maps (PTMs) also capture variations due to surface self-shadowing and interreflections, which enhance realism.
	www.hpl.hp.com /research/ptm (370 words)

	Chris Hecker's Miscellaneous Technical Information
		This is my epic perspective texture mapping series.
		I guess it's a bit out of date now that 3D hardware is everywhere, but I think the discrete math in the articles is still very interesting, and I'm still a stickler for fill conventions and resampling rules.
		To cover some of the wacky floating point tricks the perspective texture mapping articles use, I needed to discuss the floating point unit in some detail.
	www.d6.com /users/checker/misctech.htm (414 words)

	Manuel's Relief Texture Mapping Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Relief Texture Mapping is a technique that supports the representation of 3-D surface detail, producing self-occlusion, self-shadowing, view-motion parallax, and silhouettes.
		We processed all normal maps of the game to generate the appropriate depth maps, which are stored in the specular maps alpha channel (as normal maps are compressed and can not have alpha modified).
		Raising Textures to New Heights: An innovative technique adds depth to conventional texture maps, by Diana Phillips Mahoney, Computer Graphics World, Volume 24, Number 7, July 2001, pages 15-16.
	www.inf.ufrgs.br /~oliveira/RTM.html (461 words)

	Texture mapping Definition \| Computer Dictionary \| Define meaning of Texture mapping
		Inspired 3D Modeling & Texture Mapping (Inspired 3D)
		A rendering technique for obtaining an impression of cloth using texture mapping ([Report] / Keio University.
		Preserving arc length in texture mapping (GIT-GVU) (GIT-GVU)
	www.cpupedia.com /definition/texture+mapping.aspx (301 words)

	GRAFICA Obscura
		The same four by four matrices that are commonly used to transform 3D points may also be used to transform RGB colors.
		Many unusual uses for texture mapping are surveyed in this technical paper.
		Tools and hints for creating images for HTML documents.
	www.sgi.com /grafica.html?/texmap (350 words)

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