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Topic: Thaddeus Cahill

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Telharmonium

	Telharmonium -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		For instance, its sound output came in the form of connecting ordinary telephone receivers to large paper cones — a primitive form of (Electro-acoustic transducer that converts electrical signals into sounds loud enough to be heard at a distance) loudspeaker.
		Indeed, Cahill was noted for saying that ideally, (additional info and facts about electromagnetic) electromagnetic diaphrams were the most preferable means of outputting its distinctive sound.
		Each tonewheel of the instrument corresponded to a single note, and, to broaden its possibilities, Cahill added several extra tonewheels to add (A tone that is a component of a complex sound) harmonics to each note.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/te/telharmonium.htm (494 words)

	Telharmonium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cahill built three versions in total, each one being a considerable advancement over the features of its predecessor.
		Indeed, Cahill was noted for saying that ideally, electromagnetic diaphrams were the most preferable means of outputting its distinctive sound.
		This, combined with organ-like stops and multiple keyboards (the Telharmonium was polyphonic), as well as a number of foot pedals, meant that every sound could be sculpted and reshaped — the instrument was noted for its ability to reproduce common orchestral woodwind instruments such as the flute, bassoon, clarinet, and also the cello.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Telharmonium (476 words)

	Thaddeus Cahill - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thaddeus Cahill (1867 - 1934) was a prominent inventor of the early 20th century.
		He is widely credited for inventing the first electronic musical instrument, which he dubbed the teleharmonium.
		Cahill had tremendous ambitions for his invention; he wanted teleharmonium music to be broadcast into hotels, restaurants, theaters, and even houses via the telephone line.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thaddeus_Cahill (143 words)

	Gyrofrog: The Telharmonium
		Thaddeus Cahill (1867-1934) first patented his telharmonium a century ago in 1896, when he described the instrument as a large system capable of electrically generating, controlling, and shaping sounds, which could be reproduced through a loudspeaker system.
		The instrument itself was a direct precursor to the modern synthesizer -- Cahill, in fact, used the term "synthesizing" in his patent to describe the device's operation -- yet the debut of the transistor, essential to the modern synthesizer's development, was still half a century away.
		Cahill never succeeded in building a telharmonium to the exact specifications set forth in his patent, but in 1906, he did complete a second model in Holyoke, Massachusetts.
	www.gyrofrog.com /telharmo.html (647 words)

	Thaddeus Cahill: Raw Deal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Thaddeus Cahill believed that high-quality music should be available to everyone.
		Thaddeus died bankrupt and forgotten and his mighty multi-ton machines (he built three) were broken up for scrap.
		For the full story of Thaddeus Cahill's raw deal - and those of 22 other American victims - read RAW DEAL, new in paperback from Blast Books.
	www.blastbooks.com /RAWDEAL/Cahill/fr2cahl.htm (165 words)

	Synthmuseum.com - Magazine
		Cahill knew that if he could generate a large enough of an electrical signal, and if he stuck a cone on the telephone receiver (much like a gramophone cone) he could transmit music through the telephone that could be heard by an audience.
		Cahill had observed that when an electric motor, or dynamo, was used to create an alternating current (as opposed to a direct current) the output could be heard through a telephone receiver as a steady pitch.
		Cahill, along with his brothers, George and Arthur, reformed the company as The New York Cahil Telharmonic Company, renegotiated a franchise with the city of New York, and, in August 1911, installed the new Telharmonium in a building at 535 West 56th Street, New York City.
	www.synthmuseum.com /magazine/0102jw.html (1929 words)

	The Telharmonium: Electricity's Alliance With Music (1906)
		In the Cahill telharmonium we have changed all that, and we enter a pure democracy of musical electrical waves from among which, at will, those that please us best can be selected, to give us any tune or tone or timbre that we want.
		Dr. Cahill was born in Iowa, and passed several years of his youth in Ohio, his father being a physician at Oberlin, where the youth pursued his studies and began his experiments in electric music.
		In 1903, Dr. Cahill removed his Washington laboratory to Holyoke, Mass., where he had already established another plant, and thus New England, so intimately associated with the creation of the telephone, has witnessed the development and perfection of a distinct new art that may well be spoken of as the telephone's firstborn.
	earlyradiohistory.us /1906telh.htm (1316 words)

	History of Electronic Music
		Sometimes this led to an essay or treatise discussing ideas on how their invention might be used in the future, but it sometimes would lead to the invention of a new musical instrument.
		Cahill's idea was to broadcast classical music such as Chopin and Bach through the telephone to homes, hotels and restaurants in the Manhattan area, but the project turned out to be a failure due to technical and economic problems.
		As the world passed from a pre-industrialized environment, where only natural noises were heard, into a modern, machine filled environment, some people began to listen to the changes in what they heard on a regular basis.
	www.albany.edu /~jm2126/isp361/float.html (706 words)

	Theremin
		Cahill, a Canadian, built it in Holyoke, Massachussetts; partially funded by the New England Electric Music Company - whoever they might have been - it cost a then-phenomenal $200,000, and was moved in 1906 to Telharmonic Hall in New York.
		Actually there were no less than three telharmoniums, spread over some 20 years: the first Cahill had started in 1895 in Washington DC, patented in 1897, finished in 1900; the Holyoke-NYC model was the second; a third, begun in 1908, was finished in 1911 and certainly still in use in 1916.
		But by the mid-teens, radio broadcasts into the home were the coming thing, and the project went broke for lack of subscribers (though a similar device, the choralcelo, contemporary, smaller, more obscure, is reported to still have been in use in the 50s).
	www.thewire.co.uk /archive/essays/theremin.html (3801 words)

	Music By Electricity (1906)
		Dr. Thaddeus Cahill, the inventor, declares that it is as easy to create music at the other end of fifty miles of wire as to send a telegraph message.
		The three musicians who are perfecting themselves in the mastery of the instrument at the Cahill laboratory, find to their delight that all the varying meanings and emotions of classical music may be brought out artistically.
		Dr. Thaddeus Cahill, the inventor, is a native of Iowa, but passed most of his youth in Oberlin, O., where he began his experiments with electrical music.
	earlyradiohistory.us /1906musi.htm (1763 words)

	IEEEVM: The Telharmonium
		The Iowa-born Cahill was a lawyer and sometime inventor, born in 1867.
		By the 1890s, Cahill was fascinated by the prospect of creating a new kind of musical instrument, one that would surpass what he saw as the limitations of all existing types, such as the limited range of notes they could play.
		The last Telharmonium, an even larger system, was installed in a special performance room in New York City from which Cahill and his investors planned to offer Telharmonium music concerts to hotels in the area for a fee.
	www.ieee-virtual-museum.org /collection/tech.php?taid=&id=2345951&lid=1 (446 words)

	THE INVENTORS
		In 1897 Thaddeus Cahill patented his invention the "Telharmonium" or "Dynamophone," which is considered the one offirst significant electronic musical instrument.
		Although Cahill's ideas were far ahead of his time musically, the instrument was unpopular because musicains had to take the time to learn and practice on the unusual keyboard.
		Although Cahill and the 'New England Electric Music Company' had a wonderful vision of installed the Telharmonium in hotels, restaurants, and private home using the telephone network, however it proved to be a failure because of the interference with telephone calls.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~ambeach/webproj/webproj5.html (771 words)

	Electronic Musician: The Electronic Century PART I: BEGINNINGS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Cahill's idea was to build an electronic musical instrument and use it to broadcast music through telephone lines into homes, restaurants, and hotels.
		In 1897, Cahill was granted his first patent for "The Art of and Apparatus for Generating and Distributing Music Electronically." In 1898, he began to build the first version of the instrument that would later be called the Telharmonium.
		Cahill found financial backers in 1901, and the New England Electric Music Company was formed.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FGL/is_2_16/ai_60069277 (1429 words)

	electronic music : Thaddeus Cahill and the Telharmonium
		Thaddeus Cahill is considered the inventor of the first serious musical electronic instrument.
		Cahill was able to use the telharmonium to imitate common orchestral instruments like the oboe, cello or violin.
		The first large telharmonium was gigantic, it occupied the better part of the factory it was located in.
	www.electronicmusic.com /education/5335.html (114 words)

	Adventures in CyberSound: Name, First Name (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Demonstrated in London in 1899, Duddell's instrument was controlled by a keyboard, which enabled the player to change the arc's rate of pulsation, thereby producing distinct musical notes.
		The first major effort to generate musical sounds electrically was carried out over many years by an American, Thaddeus Cahill, who built a formidable assembly of rotary generators and telephone receivers to convert electrical signals into sound.
		Cahill called his remarkable invention the telharmonium, which he started to build about 1895 and continued to improve for years thereafter.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/DUDDELL_BIO.html (620 words)

	ohs_obits_C
		Cahill’s device, known as the Cahill glareless duplex floodlight projector, is widely used all over the United States as well as in England and several other foreign countries to light athletic fields, indoor arenas and other extensive areas.
		Thaddeus Cahill, who invented an electrical typewriter and the device for producing music electrically, known as the telharmonium, died suddenly at 10 o’clock yesterday morning of a heart attack at his home, 316 West Eighty-fourth Street.
		Cahill (he received the degree of D. from George Washington University in 1900) was born in Mount Zion, Iowa.
	www.oberlin-high.org /obits/ohs_obits_c.html (13905 words)

	Performance, Synthesis and Control of Additive Synthesis on a Desktop Computer using FFT
		Thaddeus Cahill's electromechanical implementations at the beginning of this century [Nicholl 93] illustrate graphically the basic challenge faced by these engineers--the creation of a large number of oscillators with accurate frequency control.
		Cahill used dynamos constructed from wheels of different sizes attached to rotating shafts ranging in length from 6 to 30 feet.
		Since the vacuum tube and transistor (inventions of this century) were unavailable to Cahill, each rotating element had to produce nearly 12000 to 15000 watts of energy to deliver synthesized music to subscribers' homes.
	cnmat.cnmat.berkeley.edu /~adrian/FFT-1/FFT-1_ICMC93.html (2150 words)

	Video History Project: Resources - Tools - Individual Text
		To give a more complete account on this history, it is important to include the time span that preceded the purely electronic era, and also to include some history of electronic (and electrical) instruments whose sound modification devices formed an integral part of the entire system.
		A classic case is the Telharmonium, by Thaddeus Cahill which was built around 1896 [I]-[10].
		Cahill, “The Generating and Distributing of Music by Means of A. Generators,” Elec.
	www.experimentaltvcenter.org /history/tools/ttext.php3?id=1 (4302 words)

	The Dead media Project:Working Notes:07.2
		Reynold Weidenaar tells the story of Thaddeus Cahill and his siblings, who constructed the Telharmonium, a mammoth electrical generating plant and distribution system designed to provide music for millions over telephone lines.
		Cahill, a Canadian, built it in Holyoke, MA.; partially funded by the New England Electric Music Company...it cost a then-phenomenal $200,000, and was moved in 1906 to Telharmonic Hall in New York.
		Unfortunately, it needed huge voltages and caused interference over the rest of the telephone network, such as it then was- so that one day an enraged businessman burst in, broke it up and threw the machinery into the Hudson river, or so the story goes.
	www.deadmedia.org /notes/7/072.html (573 words)

	Dynamophone
		US Patent no. 580.035, registered by Thaddeus Cahill (1867-1934) in 1897, described a landmark in electronic music.
		Some interesting features included a 36 note per octave keyboard (Cahill was into just intonation) which tripped the musicians hired to play it.
		Busoni was excited at the potential of not only a just tone intonation keyboard, but the expansion of sounds available (the frequency range went from 40-4000kHz).
	csunix1.lvc.edu /~snyder/em/dyna.html (640 words)

	Uni Osnabrück/Fachbereich 3/Musik - Aktuell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In the late nineteenth century, Thaddeus Cahill (1867-1934), an electrical engineer from Holyoke, Massachusetts, conceived of a massive electrically-powered sound synthesizer.
		The patents Cahill wrote2 describe an instrument that generates simple waveforms by means of rotating electromagnetic tone generators.
		After transporting the gigantic instrument from his laboratory in Massachusetts to New York City on twelve railroad cars, Cahill transmitted music directly to the musical public via telephone lines from the newly-christened "Telharmonium Hall." Unfortunately, the Telharmonium caused inductive interference with normal voice communication.
	bird.musik.uni-osnabrueck.de /hongkong/telharmonium.htm (179 words)

	2. The Electric Telegraph (1860-1914)
		The Telharmonium consisted of a massive assembly of 145 electrical alternators, whose currents could be combined by using a keyboard to create a full range of musical notes.
		Although Cahill looked forward to day when four concurrent services would provide electronic music, 24-hours a day, to subscribing commercial establishments and private homes, the invention ultimately proved impractical, in part because the high currents it produced interfered with adjoining telephone lines.
		But, given the extremely crude nature of De Forest's arc-transmitter at this stage, it could hardly have impressed Cahill, whose Telharmonium was lauded for its "purity of tone".
	earlyradiohistory.us /sec002.htm (1598 words)

	NewMusicBox
		In 1876, he developed the Musical Telegraph, an array of tuned, self-oscillating reeds (similar to modern electronic buzzers) that were activated by switches on a musical keyboard.
		Cahill's keyboard was actually touch-sensitive (a feature lacking in most of its descendants in the electronic organ world); as each key was connected to a mechanism that adjusted the alignment of two coils in a coupling transformer, the amplitude of the signal was a function of the key depression.
		Cahill also designed a 36-note per octave keyboard to enable performances in just intonation, and the Telharmonium sported switches and pedals to control the instrument's timbre and dynamics.
	www.newmusicbox.org /article.nmbx?id=325 (2683 words)

	MUSICAL MILESTONES OF THE 20TH CENTURY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		That the Telharmonium - the conception of a young lawyer and inventor named Thaddeus Cahill - was an ultimate failure should not deny it a place in history, as its conception led to the development of today’s sophisticated musical electronics.
		Weidenaar has a way of presenting his story with as much sincere concern for its importance - indeed, sweeping importance - as the Burnses Ken and Rick reveal in their similarly styled film documentaries dealing with big chapters in American history.
		The producer is only too aware of this; his task then becomes one of reporter of all as many facts he could muster, while providing music that simply suggests such a phenomenon.
	www.newmusicon.org /v8n1/v81vid.html (565 words)

	The New York Times, Sunday, July 21, 1974
		Although the modern synthesizer was made possible by advances in electronic technology, the earliest known synthesizer (literally, a machine which makes sounds synthetically) was built in 1906 by an inventor named Thaddeus Cahill.
		Cahill's music machine is said to have weighed 200 tons and required twenty railroad boxcars to transport.
		It was hoped this would become the definitive instrument for producing electronic music and, unlike Cahill's invention, it had institutional support.
	www.sevwave.com /early_ciani/nytimes.html (1919 words)

	2000 Cape Henlopen High School Football Recap -- Sussex County Online, Delaware
		Quarterback Joe Cahill completed 5 of 9 passes for 62 yards and running backs Thaddeus Shockley and Shane Massey had touchdown runs.
		Quarterback Joe Cahill and Thaddeus Shockley connected on touchdown passes of 30 and 25 yards.
		Thaddeus Shockley made it 14-0 with a 25-yard gallop into the end zone.
	www.sussexcountyonline.com /news/sports/fall00/ch/gridrecap.html (588 words)

	Techno Guide: Electronic Music Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Thaddeus Cahill invents the Telharmonium -a device that produces music by an alternating current running dynamos- meaning the first additive synthesis device.
		The Telharmonium was formerly known as the Dynamophone.
		Laurens Hammond (USA) builds the Hammond Organ using 91 rotary electromagnetic disk generators driven by a synchronous motor with associated gears and tone wheels, and additive synthesis.
	www.intuitivemusic.com /tguidetimeline1900-1929.html (144 words)

	Articles - Hammond organ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In imitation of a pipe organ, with its banks of pipes in multiple registers, the Hammond Organ used additive synthesis of waveforms from harmonic series to generate its sounds.
		As in Thaddeus Cahill's earlier Telharmonium, the individual waveforms were made by mechanical "tonewheels" which rotated beneath electromagnetic pickups.
		Although they are generally included in the category of electronic organs, strictly speaking, because the waveforms are produced by mechanical tonewheels rather than electronic oscillators, original Hammond organs are electric rather than electronic organs.
	www.alistic.com /articles/Hammond_organ (527 words)

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