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Topic: Thai monarchy

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	Constitutional monarchy
		Today, constitutional monarchy is almost always combined with representative democracy, and represents a compromise between theories of sovereignty which place sovereignty in the hands of the people, and those that see a role for tradition in the theory of government.
		There have been monarchies which have coexisted with constitutions which were fascist (or quasi-fascist), as was the case in Italy, Japan and Spain, or those in which the government is run as a military dictatorship, as was the case in Thailand.
		It is said in constitutional monarchies that the monarch "reigns but does not rule." Most modern constitutional monarchies owe their origins to systems in which the monarch not merely reigned but governed, as in the absolute monarchies which replaced aristocratic systems in the Renaissance.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/co/constitutional_monarchy.html (1996 words)

	Constitutional monarchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Today, constitutional monarchy is almost always combined with representative democracy, and represents a compromise between theories of sovereignty which placesovereignty in the hands of the people, and those that see a role for tradition in the theory of government.
		The concept of constitutional monarchy owes its origin to the absolute monarchies of the later Middle Ages, wheregovernmental authority was exercised by the monarch and his (or in rare occasions her) government.
		It is said in constitutional monarchies that the monarch "reigns but does not rule." Most modern constitutional monarchies owetheir origins to systems in which the monarch not merely reigned but governed, as in the absolute monarchies which replaced aristocratic systems in the Renaissance.
	www.therfcc.org /constitutional-monarchy-15795.html (1518 words)

	Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Thailand : : Thailand's Monarchy
		As the supreme guardian of Thailand's Buddhist religion, the King is the symbol of Thailand's cultural identity.
		A widely accepted Thai view is that the well-being and tranquillity of the nation mostly depend upon the morality of the ruler and the ruled.
		Thai kings exercise executive powers through the cabinet headed by a prime minister, and judicial powers through the law courts.
	www.mfa.go.th /web/19.php (447 words)

	Vajiralongkorn, Crown Prince of Thailand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In that year, however, he interrupted his military career to be ordained for a term as a Buddhist monk, as is customary for all Thai Buddhist males.
		During the 1970s he led counter-insurgency campaigns against the forces of the Communist Party of Thailand in the North and Northeast of Thailand, and also took part in operations along the border with Cambodia during the years of the Khmer Rouge regime.
		This is partly because of his career as a military officer at a time when the public have turned against Thailand's long history of military rule, partly because of his irregular private life, and partly because he is seen as a cold and remote personality.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maha_Vajiralongkorn (758 words)

	The Longest constitutional monarchy
		For som understanding of this rare state of affairs, of the nature of the Thai monarchy with its blend of semi divine status and strong paternalism -- dual elements that trigger enormous devotion and deep respect among the common people -- it is necssary to take a glance at the country's historical development.
		It was partially inherited by the Thai when they established their first capital at Sukhothai where Brahman priests were maintained at court to minister to the pattern of semidevine kingship.
		There were periods when the character of the monarchy changed to meet the needs and pressures of the historical moment, but its role as a cohesive force binding the nation together has remained a constant through seven centuries and 55 reigns.
	members.tripod.com /~tudtu/monarc.htm (645 words)

	Thailand History, Thailand Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The first Thai recognition of Western power in the region was the Treaty of Amity and Commerce with the United Kingdom in 1826.
		Although nominally a constitutional monarchy, Thailand was ruled by a series of military governments (most prominently led by Luang Phibunsongkhram and Sarit Dhanarajata) interspersed with brief periods of democracy.
		This is because the Thai people consider the foot to be the dirtiest and lowest part of the body, and the head the most respected and highest part of the body.
	www.thaiexotictreasures.com /new169967.html (3213 words)

	Why are the Thai authorities so sensitive about Anna and the King?
		Thai authorities had complained that The King and I presented the Siamese monarch as a fool and denigrated Thai culture as inferior to Western.
		At Thai request, a number of changes were made to the script of Anna and the King, but no final agreement was reached and in the end the film was made in Malaysia.
		After its release last year, a Thai committee comprising academics, journalists, members of the National Film Board and special branch police viewed the film and on December 28 declared it “illegal” under a 1930 law prohibiting filmmakers from portraying the Thai monarchy in a disrespectful way.
	wsws.org /articles/2000/apr2000/thai-a03.shtml (1965 words)

	Thailand has been known for centuries as Siam and it impressed the world in the 17th century through reports and ...
		Thais also show great respect for the Thai monarchy and it is disrespectful to criticize the monarchy.
		Thais believe that the feet are spiritually (as well as physically) the lowest part of the body and it is considered extremely rude to point feet at anyone and to sit with the legs crossed with the foot pointed out.
		For example, the Thai word "mai" means "new" in the low tone; "wood" in the high tone; "not" in the falling tone; "silk" in the rising tone; and the word [mai] does not exist in the mid tone.
	www.coursework.info /i/37515.html (1136 words)

	Thailander.com - Thai Language - English Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The Thai Language, Pasah Thai, has its roots going back to the hills of Southern China from where the the Thais originated but are overlaid by Indian influences.
		There are distinct dialects of Thai spoken in the North, Northeast and south, but its the language of the Central Region and Bangkok which is used throughout the country as the medium for education and mass media.
		Thai is written in its own alphabetic script which has developed from a script originally found in India.
	www.thailander.com /aboutthailand/language (301 words)

	KINGDOM OF T-H-A-I-L-A-N-D
		In Spain monarchy has been very successfully restored, as it has been in Cambodia; and despite the anxiety of pro-republican, anti-monarchical U.S. journalists, there is no popular movement for the abolition of the monarchies of any of the remaining kingdoms of the world.
		Many Thais would echo the sentiment about their king, who, in the last 30 years, has not left Thailand except to take a few symbolic steps over the Mekong River into Laos in April 1994.
		Even today, a Thai journalist recalling the king’s illness was so moved that she had to leave the room.
	www.worldfreeinternet.net /news/nws62.htm (1091 words)

	Toward a Buddhist Social Ethics: The Case of Thailand, by Tavivat Puntarigvivat
		In the Thai local tradition, especially in the north, parents prefer the birth of a daughter to that of a son.
		Today Thai feminists and Buddhist social activists are beginning to speak up in defense of the rights of their mothers, sisters and daughters, reminding society that prostitution represents a distortion of traditional cultural values and is caused by modern structural poverty.
		If the life of the Thai people in the past was "better" than today, it was mainly because of the self-sufficiency of their local economy and the decentralization of political power, ensuring the integrity of local culture and social values.
	www.crosscurrents.org /buddhistethics.htm (7655 words)

	Thailand - Country Information - State and Monarchy - sawadeethailand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The concept of an absolute monarchy was adopted from the declining Khmer empire at the beginning of the Ayutthaya era.
		The palace law which was modified as required by the course of history until today defines Thai nobility, especially the ranks and titles of the king's children and relatives, and it does so according to the status of their mothers.
		While many kings, especially in the 19th century had several wives, only one was elevated to the rank of queen, and only the king's children with her were in line to ascend the throne.
	www.sawadeethailand.com /about/state/state.html (1334 words)

	studies contemporary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		This is a mistake, because the Thai conflict provides an exceptionally useful opportunity for examining one of the more recent episodes of “political war” to play itself out.
		A broad introductory review of the principal recent trends and transformations in Thai tourism is followed by in-depth studies of three tourist domains: ethnic tourism in the hill tribe area of northern Thailand, vacationing tourism on the islands of southern Thailand and sex tourism in Bangkok.
		The state-sponsored material and discursive practices that have led to the institutionalization of Thailand's national heritage are examined, along with their contestation by elements of civil society, vis-a-vis the process of political and social change.
	www.thailine.com /lotus/studies-contem/contem-thai.htm (1605 words)

	Contemporary Review: The Thai monarchy
		Monarchies have endured for all kinds of reasons, from the religious to the pragmatic, and Thailand seems to have touched on most of them.
		Because the Thai people are a religious people, - three-quarters of all Thai males spend some time during their youth in a Buddhist monastery and most are ordained for a short time - the religious role of the king is an important one.
		The Thai monarchy remains itself preserved in aspic: the ceremonies of ancient usage are still present, as indeed they are in a number of monarchies, including the British one.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2242/is_n1567_v269/ai_18801054 (1342 words)

	Thailand (10/05)
		The language of the central Thai population is the language taught in schools and used in government.
		On February 6, 2005, Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra’s Thai Rak Thai (TRT) party won 377 of 500 seats in the Lower House of Parliament, and on March 9, 2005, Prime Minister Thaksin was chosen to serve a second term.
		Following the 1932 revolution which imposed constitutional limits on the monarchy, Thai politics was dominated for a half century by a military and bureaucratic elite.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2814.htm (4028 words)

	Asia: Country Report
		Furthermore, Thai journalists' organizations are among the strongest in the region.
		In February, Thai Rath, the country's largest and most powerful daily, was called to account for running a lurid color picture of a near-naked victim of a brutal rape and murder on its front page.
		Thai sensibilities are not always comfortable with the new hurly-burly world of free expression, however.
	www.cpj.org /attacks99/asia99/Thailand.html (749 words)

	simply-thai.com-Thai Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Whilst Thai people are among the most tolerant and forbearing of hosts, they have nevertheless a number of customs and taboos which the visitor should respect.
		Thai's consider the head as the highest part of the body, both literally and figuratively.
		The Thai people have a deep traditional reverence for the Royal Family, and the visitor should also show respect for the King and the Queen, and the Royal Children.
	www.simply-thai.com /Thailand_page_People_and_Culture.htm (1717 words)

	The Thai Kitchen Menus
		The concept of vegetarian food is to produce meatless substitutes for all traditional Thai dishes without diminishing the texture, flavour or overall quality of the food.
		To me and most Thai's, it means a bowl of noodle soup, or roast pork on rice, or most single dish lunches.......I'm glad that you're willing to pay more than this.
		Thai people call this rice "Khao Jaaw", the word "Jaaw" means king so "Khao Jaaw" means, rice for the king and his family.
	www.simply-thai.com /Thai_Kitchen_Menus.htm (3077 words)

	Asiabooks Catalogue - Thailand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		This is a candid account of the efforts to discover new options for subsistence and development to benefit both the isolated villagers as well as the country at large.
		His mission was to explore the regions, opposite Chiang Khong, on the left bank of the Mekong - a region whose possession was disputed by France's colonialist zealots - for deposits of rubies and sapphires.
		Marxism/communism entered the post-war Thai cultural market in the form of printed commodities, whose demand, supply and reproduction ebbed and flowed with the volatile and violent tide of international and domestic events.
	www.asiabooks.gil.com.au /catalogue/thailand_05.html (937 words)

	Propaganda war heats up ( The Nation ) June 27,2002
		The military yesterday responded to a series of criticisms of the Thai monarchy made by the Burmese government with its own verbal attack, the latest exchange in a fiveweek series of tensions between the two countries.
		Thai authors even praised their King Bayin Naung, honouring him in the famous novel ‘Phu Chana Sip Thit’ as a victor over all enemies, he said.
		Foreign Ministry spokesman Ratthakit Manathat said that the leaders of Burma respected the Thai monarchy and recognised its role in ensuring development and maintaining relations between the modern Thai and Burmese states.
	www.burmatoday.net /newsarchives/news_020627_propaganda.htm (655 words)

	[No title]
		The military has demanded that Rangoon apologise to Thai people over the publishing of articles deemed insulting to the Thai monarchy in its New Light of Myanmar official newspaper.The demand was made in one of three protest letters filed to the Burmese military leadership through Burma's military attache yesterday.
		The Foreign Ministry yesterday formally asked immigration authorities to list as persona non grata the Burmese writer of the articles deemed insulting to the Thai monarchy, and her editor.A ministry source said the two were writer Ma Tin Win and New Light of Myanmar editor Maung Maung.
		Thai Foreign Minister Surakiart Sathirathai told reporters his ministry had fllisted both the author and Maung Maung, editor of the New Light of Myanmar.
	www.rebound88.net /02/jun/28.html (2634 words)

	Long Live His Majesty the King of Thailand
		Thailand is now a constitutional monarchy and a country aspiring to become a newly developed society, but the traditional principles of righteous Buddhist kingship and kingly virtues remain of paramount importance to the present monarchy.
		The course of modern Thai political history will run smoothly and peacefully if and when the Thai political system pursues the middle path and a balance is achieved between freedom and stability.
		To the Thai people, the monarchy is not an abstract concept, but a real, tangible, human and caring institution.
	www.track-of-the-tiger.com /html/long_live_the_king.html (2504 words)

	Peace Corps Online \| May 20, 2002: Headlines: COS - Thailand: University Education: Asia Studies: The Japan Times: ...
		And the role of the less affluent in the events of a decade ago points to the greatest challenge before Thai democracy in the next decade: addressing the needs of those closer to the bottom of the socioeconomic heap.
		There are a number of hopeful signs in this regard, such as the growing effectiveness of some Thai nongovernment organizations, restoration of certain rights to organized labor, constitutional provisions regarding popular control over natural resources, the decentralization of governance, and the activity of local electoral-oversight committees.
		At the same time, many Thais worry that the next round of violence on the streets of Bangkok could see a democratically elected government pitted against representatives of the country's poor.
	peacecorpsonline.org /messages/messages/467/2023100.html (972 words)

	Thai Law
		Thai Legislation in English (Council of State of Thailand)
		The Thai Constitution allows for a division of the government into three branches: Executive, Legislative and Judicial.
		Thai lawyers are called barristers; partnerships follow the English pattern.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /world/thailand.htm (453 words)

	Art and Culture Monarchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		When, in 1932, the system of an absolute monarchy was changed to a constitutional monarchy the political powers of kings were curtailed, but this in no way altered the respect felt for them, nor reduced their role as the single most important unifying force in the state.
		Thailand, largely thanks to its unique concept of monarchy in which continuity is blended with amazing powers of adaptability, emerges today not only as a historically independent nation, but also as one of Southeast Asia's most recent economic success stories.
		Remarkably he was not trained for the role from birth as were most of his illustrious predecessors, and the way in which he rapidly adapted to, and more significantly, interpreted his unexpected succession to the throne is a measure of his great achievement.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Congress/7905/artcul.htm (374 words)

	Thai Royal Family
		The idea of a monarchy may seem somewhat anachronistic in a world of space-age travel and microchip technology, and indeed it might be if the monarchical system practised were not adapted to suit modern times, or if the reigning monarch did not keep abreast of changes taking place.
		Fully aware of the changing nature of life, the monarchy in Thailand is constantly adapting itself to ensure that it fits in with the modern world and is able to respond to the needs of the people and society.
		The Thai monarchy has a unique quality, and that is its adaptability to change, which has enabled it to flourish to this day.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/thai/html/tsa_royal.html (1446 words)

	[No title]
		The institution of monarchy in Thailand is in many ways unique, often difficult for outsiders to fully comprehend.
		The intensity of respect felt by Thai people for their King stems in large part from the distinctive form the modern monarchy has taken under his own leader-ship, one that involves a remarkable degree of personal contact.
		At the same time, it is rooted in attitudes that can be traced to the earliest days of Thailand as a nation and in some of the past rulers who continued to serve as models of kingship.
	sunsite.au.ac.th /thailand/thai_monarchy (205 words)

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