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	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Thakali (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Thakali ethnolinguistic group originated from the Thak Khola region of the Mustang district in the Dhaulagiri zone of Nepal.
		Thak-sat-se is the traditional area of the Thakali community, which lies in the salt trading zone on the south of Tukuche mountain, the valley of the Kali Gandaki river in western Nepal.
		Due to this, the Thakalis outside their homeland follow a syncretic form of Tibetan Buddhism heavily influenced by Hinduism, particularly the Thakali in southern Nepal.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Thakali (340 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:ths
		Thakali dialects have 91% to 97% inherent intelligibility.
		Thakali dialects in 4 villages have 75% to 86% lexical similarity with each other.
		Thakali, Marphali and Syangtan recognized as official nationalities by the Government of Nepal.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=ths (335 words)

	:: Magar Studies Center - Selected Readings :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The stronghold of the Thakalis is Thak Khola in Mustang District.
		According to the census of 2001, the population of Thakalis is 12,973.
		Thakalis have an ancient political, judicial, social and economic institution which implements the rules, laws and regulations made by the thirteen Mukhiyas (chieftains) of the thirteen thasang villages of Thakalis.
	www.magarstudiescenter.org /pop-thakali.php (444 words)

	Journal- Rethinking Tibeto-Burman-2
		The declining use of the Thakali language, however, predates the shift in residence patterns and is more closely linked to the negative values associated with rural speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages and their cultural habits which emanate from the Nepali nation-state at the centre.
		Nevertheless, most Thakali adults continue to believe that the existence of the Thakali language is central to their sense of a collective Thakali identity, even if they themselves do not speak the language.
		The concomitant decline of the Thakali language is generally presented by members of the Thakali community as an unfortunate by-product of the necessary urbanisation and internationalisation of the Thakali community and its growing alliance with the norms of Hindu Nepal.
	www.questhimalaya.com /journal/turin-tibeto-burman-02.htm (1277 words)

	Cine Treks Pvt. Ltd.
		Dhigur, the lump sum contributed by many Thakali families and persons, is lent to the one who is needy for his/ her trading activities.
		A Thakali thus has to marry none other than Thakali, but the marriage has to be outside his or her own particular clan.
		The religion of the Thakali is a mixture of Buddhism, Jhankrism, Bonpo and Hinduism, but they are close to Jhankrism, a kind of Shamanistic cult as their original religion.
	www.cinetreks.com.np /nepal/people.php (4406 words)

	Ministerial fight - Nepali Times
		The bone of contention was the appointment of the director general for the Department of Forestry.
		No sooner had Thakali made the remark when Mandal spat out it was none of his (Thakali’s) business anyway, and he (Mandal) could do whatever he liked in his ministry.
		Thakali argued it was not fair to use his resignation as a bargaining chip.
	www.nepalitimes.com /issue/229/FromtheNepaliPress/1431 (170 words)

	Pokhara Tourism Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Thakalis prefer hotel business whereas Newars are involved in various commercial activites.
		Thakalis are the original inhabitant of Thak Khola, a high valley of Kali Gandaki in Mustang district northeast of Pokhara.
		There are fewer Thakalis in Pokhara in comparison to others but their influence in trade and business is high.
	www.pokharatourism.com /people_cultures.htm (1647 words)

	In Nepal, a novel project mixes literacy and microfinance to reach thousands -- Jan-March 2001
		THAKALI CHOWK, Nepal - In this bustling village along the main east-west highway on Nepal's southern plain, as almost everywhere else in Nepal, it is unusual for a woman to own and run a business of any sort.
		Perhaps the best way to understand WEP is to look at its operation at the village level, such as in Thakali Chowk, where a group of women have established their own village bank and are successfully making loans to members, such as Ms.
		The group in Thakali Chowk was formed in February 1999 with help from a local NGO, the Nawalparasi Environment and Rural Development Center, which acts as the local distributor for WEP training materials.
	www.onecountry.org /e124/e12401as_Nepal_project_story.htm (2654 words)

	AE book review search
		There are many ways of being Thakali: For a start, four times as many Thakalis live outside the ancestral homeland of the Thak Khola than within it, and previous scholarly accounts have focused exclusively on the high-status Thakalis of the Thak Khola.
		It is also a history of foreign scholars’ attempts to understand the Thakalis, and Fisher has little difficulty showing that their confusing and contradictory accounts of Thakali religion derive largely from their own over-rigid categories, such as their assumption that Hinduism and Buddhism are single, opposed, and homogeneous religious identities.
		His conclusion--“The Thakali case demonstrates that ethnicity is not an inherent quality that is simply passed on from generation to generation; it is a dynamic process and emerges fully only through interaction and conflict” (p.
	www.aaanet.org /aes/bkreviews/result_print.cfm?bk_id=510 (661 words)

	1040Window.org
		Most of them trace the Thakali people to the Thakulis of Jumla area though if this is true, there was a good deal of assimilation with the local people and an adoption of the local language.
		Thakali men usually obtain their brides by abducting a girl whom they like while she is gathering wood in the forest or getting water from the stream.
		Economically, the Thakali have profited from the tourist trade, and one of their main occupations, other than farming, is the housing of trekkers coming through their area.
	1040window.org /nepalprayerguide/day17.htm (388 words)

	Fluid Boundaries; Forming and Transforming Identity in Nepal; William F. Fisher
		Since the 1980s, the Thakali of Nepal have searched for an identity and a clarification of their “true” culture and history in the wake of their rise to political power and achievement of economic success.
		Although united in this search, the Thakali are divided as to the answers that have been proposed: the “Hinduization” of religious practices, the promotion of Tibetan Buddhism, the revival of practices associated with the Thakali shamans, and secularization.
		Ironically, the attempts by the Thakali to define their identity reveal that to return to tradition they must first re-create it—but this process of re-creation establishes it in a way in which it has never existed.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/cup/catalog/data/023111/0231110863.HTM (284 words)

	Mark Turin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The majority of the population is located along the valley of the Kali Gandaki river in the district of Mustang.
		Due to their socio-economic dynamism and mobility, they have come to stand for the blending of divergent religious and linguistic trends that is so typical of Nepal.
		I wanted to discuss the changing identity of the Thakali, which was luckily a popular subject with a decidedly political flavour.
	www.digitalhimalaya.com /projectteam/turin/abstracts/qcr.html (388 words)

	::\_/:: MSU - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology ::\_/:: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Thakali K, Rondelli C, Fink GD, Watts SW.
		Thakali K, Lau Y, Fink GD, Galligan JJ, Chen AF, Watts SW.
		Grass G, Thakali K, Klebba PE, Thieme D, Muller A, Wildner GF, Rensing C. Linkage between catecholate siderophores and the multicopper oxidase CueO in Escherichia coli.
	www.phmtox.msu.edu /grads/thakali.php (1167 words)

	RAOnline Nepal: Nepal's people >> Religion >> Festivals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Thakalis, living in Kathmandu remembertheir forefathers, celebrating the annual festival of Torna-la. "Toran-la" is the most important festival of the Thakalis religiously as well as culturally.
		Thakali people, originally from the inner Himalayas of Thakkhola, are known for their unrivalled hospitality.
		According to the 1991 census, the Thakalis occupy 0.07 percent of the population while 0.43 percent of them speak their mother language.
	www.mypage.bluewin.ch /raonline/pages/np/visin/np_rel01d.html (361 words)

	:: Magar Studies Center - Selected Readings :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Thakalis are of three types: Tamang Thakali, Mawtan Thakali or Yhulkosompaimhi.
		Thintans have 97 households and a population of 599 in Thimi with an estimated total population of 549 in the whole of the kingdom (ibid).
		Like Dhikur of other Thakalis, a financial institution for loan and savings schemes of their own is found in the society of Teengaule Thakalis also.
	www.magarstudiescenter.org /pop-tin-gaule.php (729 words)

	Bull’s eye \| Maiidan \| wavemag.com.np (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Thakalis of Thak Satsaya in Mustang used to move south for business and trade just before winter.
		Though archery is not specific to the Thakali community, it is slowly regaining glory.
		At this year's Toran-La in the capital, the contest was an intra-community match between the four Thakali 'chans': Sherchan, Gauchan, Bhattachan, and Tulachan.
	www.wavemag.com.np /issue/article397.html (500 words)

	Thakali - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Thakalis are some of Nepal's most successful businessmen.
		The four clans are equal in status socially and ritually.
		Lhafewa (Bar Barse Kumbha Mela), Tornala (ancestral worship) and Falo (Kumar Yatra) are the major festivals of the Thakali.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thakali (343 words)

	Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN) - Marphali Thakali (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Marphalis are the inhabitants of Marpha situated between Tukuche and Kagbeni in the district of Mustang.
		The indigenous nationality called the Mawtan Thakalis living in the Marpha area, which lies between Tukuche and Kagbeni of Mustang district, are called Marphali Thakalis.
		Thakalis used to call themselves Puntan and were identified as Punel, too.
	www.nefin.org.np /mainsite/content/view/23/40 (537 words)

	Linguist List - Dissertation Abstracts
		The Thakali language belongs - together with Tamang, Gurung, Chantel and Manang - to the Tamangic subgroup of the Himalayan branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family.
		Whereas in most of the other Thakali villages native language use seems to be vigorous, among the ca.
		1000 inhabitants of Marpha Thakali is nowadays used by only the middle and older generations, being gradually replaced by Nepali, the only language of education.
	linguistlist.org /pubs/diss/browse-diss-action.cfm?DissID=482 (342 words)

	SAJHA.COM - Bringing Together Nepali Communities
		The Thakali of Nepal, a small community with origin in the remote Thak Khola valley in Mustang District, 300km northwest of Kathmandu have long since crossed that defining river and made successful forays into the heartland of Nepals commerce and politics.
		With their rise to political power and economic success, the Thakali of Nepal have searched for an identity and a clarification of their "true" culture and history since the 1980s.
		Although united in this search, the Thakali are divided as to the answers proposed: the "Hinduization" of religious practices, the promotion of Tibetan Buddhism, the revival of practices associated with the Thakali shamans, and secularization.
	www.sajha.com /sajha/html/eventdetail.cfm?eventid=269 (608 words)

	Tribal masks of the Himalayas
		The Thakali dedicate to the ancestors of their clans a festival intended to keep away malevolent spirits.
		Throughout the Himalayas, the yak is a symbol of prosperity, and for the Thakali it is also an auspicious sign if during the procession the model of the yak comes to knock on one's door with its horns.
		In the past, the Nepalese Terai, in the south of the Himalayas, was an impenetrable jungle that was practically isolated from the rest of the country.
	www.mikalina.com /Texts/masks_of_himalayas.htm (4086 words)

	welcomenepal.com - The official site for Nepal Tourism Board (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Thakalis traditionally are the inhabitants of Thaksatsaya of Mustang district.
		Dhnom is the Thakali priest who works as the local shaman.
		The literacy rate of the Thakali community is quite high (63%).
	www.welcomenepal.com /emuseum.asp (1362 words)

	The Eastern Progress
		Thakali is a junior health information, or medical records, major from Kathmandu, Nepal, a land almost like the size of Arkansas, she said.
		Thakali said she likes Eastern because of the smaller campus and the way people communicate.
		In Nepal, Thakali and her sisters had servants at home, but their dad made them do a little work as well, Thakali said.
	www.easternprogress.com /media/paper419/news/2006/02/23/WhosThat/She-Works.Hard.For.Her.Money-1624283.shtml?norewrite&sourcedomain=www.easternprogress.com&xmlsyn=1 (503 words)

	::\_/:: MSU - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology ::\_/:: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Thakali K, Ni W, Li M, Fink GD, Watts SW: The anorexigen (+)-norfenfluramine as a pressor; enhanced response in hypertension.
		Ni W, Li MW, Thakali K, Fink GD, Watts SW: The fenfluramine metabolite (+)-norfenfluramine is vasoactive.
		Ni W, Li M, Thakali K, Fink GD, Watts SW: The fenfluramine metabolite (+)norfenfluramine is vasoactive.
	www.phmtox.msu.edu /grads/li.php (106 words)

	www.katmanduonline.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kathmandu: Minister for General Administration Krishna Lal Thakali has said that civil servants have returned to the pre-February 1 mindset after the lifting of emergency rule.
		The reason behind the change in civil servants' attitude, Minister Thakali claimed, was the outcome of their perception that the present government would collapse in the near future.
		He added that public complaint management body in the administration will be taken as an important part of reform in governance which has been included in the legal reform processes relating to the civil service.
	www.katmanduonline.com /archive/news.php?newsNo=2039 (209 words)

	GEB - Wandel der Migrationsstrukturen bei den Thakali (Nepal) : Das Beispiel des Ortes Marpha
		The village of Marpha, still the birthplace of many Mawatan Thakali, is losing its status as the centre of a people of merchants and businessmen that is willing to move further away from their origins these days.
		The ethnical composition shows decreasing numbers of Mawatan Thakali hereby putting the heritage of the Thakali culture at risk and causing social and socio-economic problems.
		Seasonal winter migration which helped the Thakali people to increase their living standard in the first half of the century had slowly changed to permanent and continuous out-migration.
	geb.uni-giessen.de /geb/volltexte/2002/906 (1525 words)

	Thakali Welfare Society, UK - Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Thakali is a tribe of many in Nepal originated from Thak Khola.
		A tribe, proud of their unique and rich culture and tradition beliefs in preserving their identity wherever they are around the world.
		Thakali Samaj Sewa Samiti (Thakali Welfare Society) United Kingdom was established in 2001 at Aldershot.
	thakaliuk.org (204 words)

	Thakali peoples of Nepal, Economy and trade, Dress and ornaments, Traditions and Culture
		These people are famed for their neatly tended kitchens and derive their subsistence from hotels, inns, and restaurants income.
		The Thakalis, with exceptional businessman-ship are one of the most successful ethnic groups in the country.
		A Thakali thus is to marry none other than Thakali, but the marriage has to be outside his or her own particular clan.
	www.manang.com /nepal/general_information_about_nepal/people_nepal/thakali_people_of_nepal.php (541 words)

	Ethnic Group Of Nepal: Thakali, Gurung : Ethnically diverse society.
		Ethnic Group Of Nepal: Thakali, Gurung : Ethnically diverse society.
		THAKALI - The origin of Thakali is Thok Khola, the Thakalis originate from the Kali Gandaki Gorge and, like many Nepali groups, have been subject to both Hindu and Buddhist influences, a high valley in central Nepal along the Muktinath region.
		Thakalis are divided into three major groups: Marphali, Thakali and Tamang.
	www.himalayanmart.com /ethnic_group_nepal/ethnic_group_nepal.php (1675 words)

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