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 | | Figure 12.4: Differential diagnosis of thalassaemia major and intermedia Clinical manifestations Three main factors are responsible for the clinical manifestations of thalassaemia intermedia: a) ineffective erythropoiesis, b) chronic anaemia, c) iron overload. |
 | | Moreover, patients with thalassaemia intermedia suffer from various complications which are very uncommon in optimally transfused thalassaemia major patients, such as folic acid deficiency, leg ulcers, gallstones and thrombosis. |
 | | Older patients with thalassaemia intermedia may have the same risk for iron-induced hepatic, cardiac and endocrine dysfunction as in patients with thalassaemia major. |
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