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Topic: Thallus

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	Generic descriptions: Mastophoroideae
		KEY FEATURES: All of the above characters are diagnostic, but in particular the dimerous thallus with basal filaments composed of palisade cells, and the pore canals of tetrasporangial conceptacles lined by cells that arise from peripheral roof filaments, protrude into the pore canal, and are oriented more-or-less parallel to the roof surface.
		thallus arborescent (tree-like) and flabelliform (fan-shaped) in growth form, and anchored to the substratum by a distinct holdfast and stipe;
		KEY FEATURES: One of the main features of Pneophyllum is the fact that the tetrasporangial roof develop from filaments both interspersed among and surrounding the sporangia; and the pore canals of tetrasporangial conceptacles are lined by cells that are oriented more-or-less parallel to the roof surface and that may protrude into the pore canal.
	www.botany.uwc.ac.za /Clines/mastoph.htm (1010 words)

	Thallus (tissue) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thallus, from Latinized Greek θαλλος (thallos), meaning a green shoot or twig, is an undifferentiated vegetative tissue of some non-mobile organisms, which were previously known as the thallophytes.
		An organism or structure resembling a thallus is called thalloid, thallodal, thalliform, thalline, or thallose.
		The thallus of fungus has been also called soma since late-20th century, but the alternative name is still uncommon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thallus_(tissue) (215 words)

	Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-18)
		Thallus shrub-like or beard-like, fruticose lichens may be erect or pendulous.
		Descriptive of the internal structure of the thallus, a stratified lichen is one in which the photobiont (the alga) is in a compact layer below the upper cortex.
		Descriptive of the internal structure of the thallus, an unstratified lichen is one in which the photobiont (always a blue-green alga) is distributed at random throughout the thallus.
	csdept.umfk.maine.edu /LichensWebsite/glossary.asp (1390 words)

	Lime Loving Lichens Key (Eastern lichen Network)
		Apothecia immersed in thallus or in a coarse pertusarioid wart...
		Thallus of orbicular to polygonal ± raised areoles, grayish, epruinose, slightly shiny, forming a ring around apothecium; one apothecium per areole; disk brown to flish, often surrounded by a concolorous ring; ascospores 4-6 x 1.5 µm; Ozark County...
		Thallus not of radiating lobes or thallus not evident...
	www.nybg.org /bsci/lichens/eln/lime_loving_lichens.htm (5835 words)

	Jacoby and Müller on "Thallus"
		Thallus calls this darkness an eclipse of the sun in the third book of his Histories, without reason it seems to me. For the Hebrews celebrate the passover on the 14th day, reckoning by the lunar calendar, and the events concerning the savior all occurred before the first day of the passover.
		Thallus may be understood as the reference, if in the report of the Canons of Eusebius (the Chronicle of Eusebius as preserved in the Latin rendition of Jerome, p.
		Note that the nature of this quote above from Thallus (whether the proposed reconstructed version of Müller or the original) is such that it is very unlikely to have come from a tiny, three-book chronicle (as Jacoby observed in his general commentary).
	www.infidels.org /library/modern/richard_carrier/jacoby.html (4739 words)

	Thallus the Samaritan - darkness without an eclipse?
		Thallus (circa AD 52) wrote a history about the middle east from the time of the Trojan War to his own time.
		This darkness Thallus, in the third book of his History, calls, as it appears to me without reason, an eclipse of the sun.
		For the Hebrews celebrate the passover on the 14th day according to the moon, and the passion of our Savior falls on the day before the passover; but an eclipse of the sun takes place only when the moon comes under the sun.
	neverthirsty.org /pp/historicalquotesaboutjesus/thallus.html (262 words)

	Thallus: an Analysis
		Nevertheless, Thallus is cited at least as a witness to the early date of the gospel story of the darkness, if not to the factuality of the darkness itself.
		The usual argument is that Thallus is the earliest witness to the gospel tradition, proving that the story was circulating, and taken seriously enough by pagans to debunk it, before the 2nd century.
		For Thallus may have simply recorded an eclipse that occurred around the time that Christ was believed to have died, with Africanus connecting the events on his own.
	www.infidels.org /library/modern/richard_carrier/thallus.html (3903 words)

	[No title]
		Carrier then mentions that the supposition that Thallus must have written his compendium shortly after the final date covered by the compendium, but this is not necessarily the case since Eusebius, for instance, wrote a world chronicle that ended about 30 years before he wrote it.
		Now there was one Thallus, a freedman of Caesar's of whom he borrowed a million of dracmae, and thence repaid Antonia the debt he owed her; and by spending the overplus in paying his court to Caius, became a person of great authority with him.
		Also, Carrier seemingly is implying that Thallus did not document the darkening of the sun as a historical event, but rather as a response to the Christian claim that the darkness is historical.
	www.tektonics.org /qt/thallcomp.html (8745 words)

	Bryophytes: The thallus
		In many cases it will not be necessary to make a special preparation for the study of the thallus, since preparations of antheridia, archegonia, or sporophytes may include good sections of vegetative portions.
		In forms like Marchantia, where the antheridia, archegonia, and sporophytes are borne upon stalked receptacles, it is better to make separate preparations to show the structure of the mature thallus.
		Sections intended to show the structure of the mature thallus should be 15 to 25(in thickness, but sections to show the growing point and development of the thallus should not be thicker than 10(.
	www.publicbookshelf.com /public_html/Methods_in_Plant_Histology/thallus_fa.html (307 words)

	Thallus organization in coralline algae
		Note that the thallus is constructed from the aggregation filaments, and is therefore pseudoparenchymatous.
		Most coralline algae have an internal anatomy of the thallus that is based on the aggregation of branching filaments, each of which is formed through the action of its own single meristematic cell.
		The growth of this layer of basal filaments contributes to the areal expansion of the thallus.
	www.botany.uwc.ac.za /clines/organiz.htm (488 words)

	Thallose liverwort reproduction 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-18)
		In some thallose liverworts archegonia [egg cases] and antheridia [sperm cases] are formed in grooves that are recessed in the surface of the thallus.
		After the egg is fertilised the embryo sporophyte remains attached to the the thallus which nourishes it.
		A male thallus forms sperm within circular regions which are splashed into the air by falling rain drops.
	www.sbs.auckland.ac.nz /info/schools/nzplants/moss_liver_thall_repro1.htm (263 words)

	Thallus the Samaritan - darkness without an eclipse?
		Thallus (circa AD 52) wrote a history about the middle east from the time of the Trojan War to his own time.
		This darkness Thallus, in the third book of his History, calls, as it appears to me without reason, an eclipse of the sun.
		For the Hebrews celebrate the passover on the 14th day according to the moon, and the passion of our Savior falls on the day before the passover; but an eclipse of the sun takes place only when the moon comes under the sun.
	www.neverthirsty.org /pp/historicalquotesaboutjesus/thallus.html (262 words)

	Hornworts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-18)
		The thallus of most species has an symbiotic relationship with colonies of a cyanobacterium, Nostoc, that inhabits cavities in the thallus.
		The archegonia are embedded in the hornwort thallus and when fertilised, give rise to a sporophyte that has the form of a cylindrical 'horn'.
		Dendroceros giganteus The thallus is strap-shaped with numerous frilly extensions along the margins.
	www.sbs.auckland.ac.nz /info/schools/nzplants/moss_hornworts.htm (291 words)

	Drag, Drafting, and Mechanical Interactions in Canopies of the Red Alga Chondrus crispus -- Johnson 201 (2): 126 -- The ...
		Flow was slowed in the wake of thalli; drag was consequently less on the thallus shown in (a) when it drafted (b) within the wake of an upstream thallus.
		The lower drag is reflected by the decrease in bend of the stipe in (b) relative to (a).
		of a thallus relative to the height of the canopy.
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/full/201/2/126 (5739 words)

	Key to Gasparrinias This key includes all Gasparrinina
		Thallus yellow orange, fine, lobes 0.2-0.3 mm diam., pseudocyphellae absent or less obvious, thallus rough with lumps..............................................................................
		Thallus with very small lobes, 0.2-0.5 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm wide), lobes scattered and not forming continuous thallus, soralia scattered....................................................
		Thallus with larger lobes, lobe contiguous and forming distinct thallus, soralia delimited and distinct..............................................................................................................................
	www.tc.umn.edu /~wetmore/Gasp.html (514 words)

	Historical Jesus III:C and D: Thyalls and Phlegon.First century historians credit darkness at noon.
		The force of the reference to Thallus is that the circumstances of Jesus' death were known and discussed in the Imperial City as early as the middle of the first century.
		The phrase 'this darkness' indicates that Thallus was referring to (in HIS history) the events surrounding the death of Jesus.
		The darkness at the crucifixion, as we see from Thallus, defied natural explanation, and had the character of a miracle; and this is precisely the sort of event that Pliny would pass over in disdain - for he was a skeptic and a rationalist of the highest order!
	www.geocities.com /metacrock2000/Jesus_pages/HistJesus5.htm (1575 words)

	Chloroplast - algal-like
		The shape of cells varies from more isodiametric cells along the thallus margins to elongated cells in the median region of the thallus.
		Inside the thallus mucilage-filled cells are scattered amongst the photosynthetic parenchyma.
		Archegonia develop from epidermal cells, but are ultimately sunken in thallus tissue and only the neck cells slightly protrude from the thallus surface.
	vis-pc.plantbio.ohiou.edu /moss/Tomescu.htm (748 words)

	What is a Lichen
		The form of the thallus is a result of the fungal species involved.
		Cladonia are a successful group of lichens which have a primary thallus and a secondary thallus.
		The primary thallus is small and clings closely to the substrate while the secondary thallus is a shrubby growth like fruticose lichens.
	www.earthlife.net /lichens/lichen.html (1125 words)

	Thallose liverwort form
		The thallus is attached to the subtrate by rhizoids.
		Symphyogyna hymenophyllum This liverwort consists of a fleshy thallus that is raised above the soil surface by a slender stalk.
		Riccardia eriocaula This thallus consists of finely divided and branched segments, resembling delicate fern fronds.
	www.sbs.auckland.ac.nz /info/schools/nzplants/moss_liver_thall_form.htm (227 words)

	The Thallus of Marchantia
		It was decided that since the Thallus of Marchantia was, after all, from Arabia, he was probably anti-Semitic or at least anti-Zionist and his visit should be protested.
		On the other hand, it was possible that the Thallus was really a good guy and was being maligned by unfound rumors and, consequently, his visit to Buffalo should not be ruined by undeserved protests.
		The Thallus was to be met on the tarmac by none other then the mayor himself.
	www.stjohnbeachguide.com /Thallus.htm (1122 words)

	Thallus question and the non-historicity of Jesus' resurrection miracles
		One obscure author, Thallus, quoted (accurately or selectively and with interpretation) by another obscure author, Africanus, who is then quoted by Eusebius, the 3rd or 4th century church historian who admitted he only recorded things which would add glory to the church, and not publish things that might detract from that glory.
		If such a miracle as darkness over all the earth for several hours happened, it appears that Mark's Gospel recorded it first and it was simply copied verbatim by the other two Gospel writers who copied most of their Gospels from Mark.
		It that's what the "truth" of the Gospel is based on, then it simply cannot be believed to be true by anyone who is the least bit skeptical today.
	www.edwardtbabinski.us /skepticism/thallus.html (632 words)

	Bryophyte overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-18)
		Recognizing a liverwort: Many liverworts resemble mosses but their leaves lack a midrib and often have lobes, flaps or pockets.
		Other liverworts lack leaves and instead form a flat growth (thallus) on the substrate.
		Recognizing a hornwort: Hornworts superficially resemble thallus type liverworts but form a distinctive elongate (horn-like) capsule that splits open from its tip to its base.
	www.sbs.auckland.ac.nz /info/schools/nzplants/moss_overview.htm (297 words)

	Mosses and Liverworts in Wales: Liverworts
		In liverworts of this type the plant body has no stem-leaf structure, but consists instead of a "thallus" - a more-or-less flattened tissue, one to several cells thick.
		The thallus may be subdivided into lobes,and these may vary in width from 2-3mm to 1cm or more according to species.
		In some species there is a thickened midrib, and some may have pores (small holes) dotted about their surface.
	home.clara.net /adhale/bryos/livworts.htm (321 words)

	Inocaulis and the graptolite order Inocaulida
		This make possible treatment of the latter as a representative of the Dasycladaceae which it so closely resembles in morphology of "theciferous branches".
		It is worth to note here that I found a thallus of alga with polysiphonal axes and lateral branchings similar to those of Dasycladaceae in one of Silurian erratic boulders.
		Thallus of Codiaceae is sometimes built of stem and brush -like top part, formed of numerous thallus threads.
	www.graptolite.net /Inocaulis.html (737 words)

	The Probert Encyclopaedia - Animals And Plants (T-Z)
		They usually bear panicles of small flowers, with four or five petaloid sepals and no corolla.
		A thallophyte is a plant with a thallus body, such as seaweed or liverwort.
		A thallus is the body of a primitive plant which is not divided into leaves, stem and roots but consists of a more or less uniform tissue.
	www.galgani.it /free_encyclopedia/B9.HTM (9404 words)

	Thallose liverwort reproduction 2
		In some thallose liverworts stalks grow out of the thallus and form disc-like or finger-like structures at their tips that contain antheridia or archegonia.
		Asterella australis In this liverwort, the thallus stalks are very delicate and each terminates in a lobed disc; found on soil and damp banks.
		Asterella australis The dark, almost-mature, capsules are surrounded by several long teeth.
	www.sbs.auckland.ac.nz /info/schools/nzplants/moss_liver_thall_repro2.htm (178 words)

	Thallus
		Thallus, a Samaritan-born historian who lived and worked in Rome about A.D. 52, quoted by Julius Africanus, a Christian chronographer of the late second century,
		"Thallus, in the third book of his histories, explains away this darkness as an eclipse of the sun.
		to Thallus is that the circumstances of Jesus' death were known and discussed in the Imperial City
	mywebpages.comcast.net /thebibleway/cfthl-00.htm (856 words)

	Key to the lichen genera of the Guianas
		Cladia b Thallus surface dull, usually whitish, greenish or greyish; perforations in most species absent, in some species present in axils of ramifications (rarely more frequent, than thallus yellowish) 4 4a Thallus branches with squamules, especially at the base
		Cladonia 8a Thallus branches with tough central stand, which becomes visible between the breaking outer layer by moderate tension Usnea b Thallus branches without tough central strand, breaking completely by tension 9 9a Epiphytic species, occasionally on decorticated wood 10 b Saxicolous species, occasionally on thin soil cover on rock
		19a Thallus dark brown to fl; algae bluegreen; on granite Peltula b Thallus white to pale grey; algae green; on sandstone (cf.
	www.mnh.si.edu /biodiversity/bdg/lichkey3.html (841 words)

	thallus - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Thallus : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		Phrases that include thallus: einfacher thallus, komplex gebauter thallus, simple thallus, thallus i, thallus i simplex
		Words similar to thallus: thali, thalli, thalluses, thaluses, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=thallus (242 words)

	Key to Lecanora in New England
		3a - Thallus consisting of scattered lobate areoles, not rosette-forming; infrequent..........
		28b - Thallus or apothecial margins whitish, grayish or brownish, lacking usnic acid...................
		yellow-brown, thallus thin or verruculose, yellowish gray or whitish, epiphloeodal..........
	www.huh.harvard.edu /collections/lichens/Lecanora_New_England.html (1449 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Confocal Image Gallery - Lichen Thallus
		The Nikon MicroscopyU confocal microscopy image gallery was created with a PCM-2000 confocal scanning system interfaced to a Nikon Eclipse E600 upright microscope.
		Back to the first confocal sequence of lichen thallus.
		Papers dyed with litmus change to red when exposed to acid and blue when exposed to alkali.
	www.microscopyu.com /galleries/confocal/lichenthallus40x.html (425 words)

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