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Topic: Thames tunnels

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Thames foot tunnel

Rotherhithe Tunnel

Kilsby Tunnel

Totley Tunnel

Cromer Tunnel

Summit Tunnel

Crossings of the River Thames

Box Tunnel

Severn Tunnel

Blackwall Tunnel

Atlantic Avenue Tunnel

Greenwich foot tunnel

Rotherhithe

Seikan Tunnel

River Thames

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	London - LoveToKnow 1911
		North of the Thames, and west of its tributary the Lea, which partly bounds the administrative county on the east, London is built upon a series of slight undulations, only rarely sufficient to make the streets noticeably steep.
		South of the Thames a broken amphitheatre of low hills, approaching the river near Greenwich and Woolwich on the east and Putney and Richmond on the west, encloses a tract flatter than that to the north, and rises more abruptly in the southern districts of Streatham, Norwood and Forest Hill.
		The low ground between the slight hills flanking the Thames valley, and therefore mainly south of the present river, was originally occupied by a shallow lagoon of estuarine character, tidal, and interspersed with marshy tracts and certain islets of relatively firm land.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /London (13936 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Tunnels in the United Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Severn Tunnel The Severn Tunnel (Welsh: Twnnel Hafren) is a railway tunnel in the United Kingdom, linking South Gloucestershire in the west of England to Monmouthshire in south Wales under the estuary of the River Severn.
		Woolwich foot tunnel The Woolwich foot tunnel is a tunnel crossing under the River Thames in east London from Woolwich in the London Borough of Greenwich to North Woolwich in the London Borough of Newham.
		The tunnel would be slightly to the west of the existing tunnel, and the pair would allow each tunnel to serve two lanes of traffic each travelling in the same direction; the current tunnel has two single lanes of traffic in opposing directions, representing an avoidable risk.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tunnels-in-the-United-Kingdom (374 words)

	River Thames
		By the 18th century, the Thames was one of the world's busiest waterways, as London became the centre of the vast, mercantile British Empire.
		In return, the Thames has undergone a massive clean-up from the filthy days of the late 19th and early- to mid-20th centuries, and life has returned to its formerly dead waters.
		There are also many tunnels used by "tube" trains as part of the London Underground network or (at Greenwich), the Docklands Light Railway, and a free ferry for vehicles, cycles and people on foot during daylight hours at Woolwich.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/th/Thames.html (579 words)

	Victorian London - Thames - Tunnels - Thames Tunnel
		The approach to the entrance of the tunnel is by a spacious flight of steps, of very gradual descent; and the general effect of these sub-aqueous roads, when viewed from the end, the whole being brilliantly lighted with gas, is imposing in the extreme.
		THE THAMES TUNNEL, between Wapping and Rotherhithe, has already been described under the head of "Public Buildings connected with Commerce." It is 1200 ft. long; was designed and carried out by Sir Isambard Brunel; cost 620,000l., and occupied from March, 1825, to March, 1843 (with an interval of about seven years) in its construction.
		Thames Tunnel.-This great, but for many years comparatively useless, work of Sir Isambard Brunel was carried under the river from Wapping (left bank) to Rotherhithe (right bank) at a cost of nearly half a million of money.
	www.victorianlondon.org /thames/thamestunnel.htm (2963 words)

	edie news centre - Thames sewage tunnels take shape
		Now two concrete proposals of how this is to be done are on the table: a single 30km-long tunnel intercepting sewage along the length of the tidal Thames, or two shorter tunnels in West and East London that would tackle overflow discharges in these areas only.
		The tunnel or tunnels should improve water quality in the Thames and bring it in line with European norms.
		Thames Water, London's sewerage systems provider, will be assessing the two options between now and the end of the year in partnership with the Environment Agency, Ofwat, Defra and the GLA, with a final decision expected in early 2007.
	www.edie.net /news/news_story.asp?id=11805&channel=0 (415 words)

	Famous Tunnels
		The Seikan tunnel is the longest rail tunnel in the world.
		American engineers studied the tunneling techniques used during the construction of the Frejus Tunnel.
		The same tunneling techniques were used to build the Hoosac tunnel as the Frejus Tunnel.
	library.thinkquest.org /3893/FAMOUS.HTM (456 words)

	Thames - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It rises in four headstreams (the Thames or Isis, Churn, Coln, and Leach) in the Cotswold Hills, E Gloucestershire, and flows generally eastward across S England and through London to the North Sea at The Nore.
		The Thames Conservancy Board was established in 1857; the docks and the tidal part of the river below Teddington have been administered by the Port of London Authority since 1908.
		The upper valley of the Thames is a broad, flat basin of alluvial clay soil, through which the river winds and turns constantly in all directions.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-thamese1ng.html (0 words)

	Thames Foot Tunnels (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In addition to the many tunnels bored under the Thames to carry the underground railway lines, there are a small number of road and foot tunnels, the latter being covered here.
		The first of these - and the first tunnel under the Thames - was the original Thames Tunnel, designed and built by Marc Isambard Brunel to connect Wapping in the north with Rotherhithe to the south.
		The tunnel was never a success as access to it had to be via vertical shafts on each bank and the dark and dank conditions soon made it unpopular.
	www.londonrailways.net /thames.htm (444 words)

	AllRefer.com - Thames, river, England (British And Irish Physical Geography) - Encyclopedia
		It rises in four headstreams (the Thames or Isis, Churn, Coln, and Leach) in the Cotswold Hills, E Gloucestershire, and flows generally eastward across S England and through London to the North Sea at The Nore.
		The Thames Conservancy Board was established in 1857; the docks and the tidal part of the river below Teddington have been administered by the Port of London Authority since 1908.
		The upper valley of the Thames is a broad, flat basin of alluvial clay soil, through which the river winds and turns constantly in all directions.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/ThamesEng.html (594 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		There are many tunnels under the River Thames in and near London, which, thanks largely to its underlying bed of clay, is one of the most tunnelled cities in the world.
		The tunnels are used for road vehicles, pedestrians, Tube and railway lines and utilities.
		A further twin tunnel is due to be built for the Docklands Light Railway extension to Woolwich Arsenal: construction of the extension began in June 2005, with an anticipated completion date in early 2009.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Tunnels_underneath_the_River_Thames (651 words)

	No. 51: Tunnels
		The tunnel wasn't opened to trains until 1865, 40 years after it was begun.
		The star-crossed Hoosac tunnel through a mountain in Western Massachusetts was started as a canal tunnel in 1851 and completed as a rail tunnel in 1876.
		Tunnels have evoked some amazing engineering; but I was a child in cold Minnesota, and my favorite tunnel is the one in John Greenleaf Whittier 's
	www.uh.edu /admin/engines/epi51.htm (561 words)

	Thames, river, England — Infoplease.com
		It rises in four headstreams (the Thames or Isis, Churn, Coln, and Leach) in the Cotswold Hills, E Gloucestershire, and flows generally eastward across S England and through London to the North Sea at The Nore.
		The upper valley of the Thames is a broad, flat basin of alluvial clay soil, through which the river winds and turns constantly in all directions.
		There are two main tunnels under the river in London, and one between Dartford and Purfleet, as well as several footpaths and 5 railroad tunnels.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0848344.html (596 words)

	Crossings of the River Thames - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		a new Docklands Light Railway tunnel to connect the new King George V DLR station in North Woolwich to Woolwich Arsenal: construction on the extension began in June 2005.
		Thames Barrier - connects the banks of the river via a service tunnel accessible by authorised personnel only.
		City and South London Railway tunnels (This railway's original crossing of the river between Borough and King William Street; 1890.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crossings_of_the_River_Thames (458 words)

	London Underground history before 1860 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Thames broke in again 1808-02-02 when the tunnel was beyond the low water mark on the opposite side.
		It was used as a pedestrian tunnel until The East London Railway bought the tunnel in 1865.
		The tunnel was first used by Underground trains in 1884-10-01 and is still used by the Underground.
	www.berga.nu /Lennart_T/lu/pre1860.html (243 words)

	Thames Tunnel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Thames Tunnel is a tunnel, 35 feet wide (10.6m) and 1,300 feet long (366m), beneath the River Thames in London, between Rotherhithe and Wapping.
		Brunel and Thomas Cochrane devised the tunnelling shield to dig the tunnel.
		In 1995 it became the focus of considerable controversy when the tunnel was closed for long-term maintenance,with the intention of sealing it against leaks by "shotcreting" it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thames_foot_tunnel (0 words)

	Thames Tunnels - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Thames Tunnels - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Thames Tunnels, series of tunnels under the River Thames, London.
		The most famous of these were built in the Victorian period and continue to be...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Thames_Tunnels.html (0 words)

	fUSION Anomaly. Tunnels
		Underwater tunneling through mud, quicksand, or permeable earth requires the use of a shield (devised and first used in 1825), a steel cylinder closed at its forward end, which holds rotating cutting blades.
		River-crossing tunnels are also constructed by dredging a trench in the riverbed; then lowering prefabricated tunnel sections through the water into the trench, where divers connect them; and, finally, covering the trench and tunnel.
		Shallow tunnels are of the cut-and-cover type (if under water of the immersed-tube type), deep tunnels are excavated, often using a tunnelling shield.
	fusionanomaly.net /tunnels.html (0 words)

	LDDC Monograph - Laying the Foundations for Regeneration
		This section of the tunnel was constructed under an air pressure of 1 bar and employed the use of bolted segments which were later relined.
		The fundamental requirements, which dictated the form of the new sewerage, were determined by the decision not to allow discharge of surface water run-off into the dock water, as had been allowed by the PLA and by the increase in foul sewage discharges as a consequence of the enlarged development.
		The total length of tunnels within the Royal Docks connected to the pumping stations is 10 km with an additional 3 km of trench constructed sewers forming the upstream and shallower lengths.
	www.lddc-history.org.uk /engineering (16146 words)

	Thames Water \| Tunnels \| Mott MacDonald
		As part of the Asset Management Period (AMP) 4 Consultancy Framework Agreement between Thames Water Utilities (TW) and Mott MacDonald, we are providing specialist engineering design and planning advice for the Thames Water Ring Main (TWRM) resilience programme involving northern and southern tunnel extensions and new pump-out shaft projects.
		The two tunnel extension projects are both approximately 4.9km long and 2.5m internal diameter.
		The geology to be encountered by the tunnels for these projects is highly variable.
	www.tunnels.mottmac.com /projects/?mode=type&id=113114 (643 words)

	BBC NEWS \| England \| Kent \| Flooding risk to Thames tunnels
		It found that Dartford tunnel defences could be overtopped, and that an extreme tidal event could flood the high-speed rail link tunnel.
		It called for improved Dartford tunnel defences, a review of procedures for closing the tunnel in severe weather, and flood warning measures explored, to "reduce the residual risk of inundation and consequent loss of life".
		KCC said it had notified companies responsible for the tunnels and was now bringing the matter to the attention of emergency planning groups.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/england/kent/5093714.stm (355 words)

	BBC - History - Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806 - 1859)
		Brunel was one of the most versatile and audacious engineers of the 19th century, responsible for the design of tunnels, bridges, railway lines and ships.
		Brunel's first notable achievement was the part he played with his father in planning the Thames Tunnel from Rotherhithe to Wapping, completed in 1843.
		As well as bridges, tunnels and railways, Brunel was responsible for the design of several famous ships.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/brunel_kingdom_isambard.shtml (391 words)

	QEII Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Inner Thames Marsh SSSI includes Rainham, Wennington and Aveley Marshes and forms the largest expanse of remaining wetland bordering the upper Reaches of the Thames Estuary.
		The proposed Thames Gateway Bridge (TGB) would be a local road bridge connecting Beckton to Thamesmead in East London, with two segregated and dedicated public transport lanes and separate lanes for pedestrians and cyclists.
		Half an hour later, the party re-crossed the Thames, and Lord Rosebery, standing in his carriage before a crowd of 600 people, declared the ferry open, free for ever. To round off the day's proceedings, there was a banquet for 200 at the Freemason's hall.
	www.thames.me.uk /s00020.htm (6213 words)

	Wikinfo \| River Thames
		From the time it leaves Wiltshire, where it rises, it has traditionally formed the county boundary, firstly between Berkshire on the south bank and Oxfordshire on the north, then between Berkshire and Buckinghamshire, Buckinghamshire and Surrey, Surrey and Middlesex, and between Essex and Kent.
		From the outskirts of Greater London, it passes Syon House, Hampton Court, and Richmond (with the famous view of the Thames from Richmond Hill), and Kew, before it passes through London proper, then Greenwich and Dartford before entering the sea in a drowned estuary, The Nore.
		The Thames provided the major highway between London and Westminster in the 16th and 17th centuries.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=River_Thames (0 words)

	Thames Water Utilities - Investing in the future - Thames Water Ring Main Extensions
		Thames Water is investing £3.1 billion in new and existing infrastructure during the period 2005-2010.
		Each tunnel will be deeper than the London Underground and at 2.5m diameter, will be big enough to drive a car through.
		Thames Water Ring Main schematic drawing (208KB) - opens in a new window.
	www.thameswater.co.uk /UK/region/en_gb/content/General/General_Image_Below_000184.jsp?SECT=General_Image_Below_000184 (209 words)

	Tunnels and Tunnelling International
		The upline tunnel was delayed by the incident at Lavender Street where a garden subsided (T&TI, March 2003, p6), but once going again completed the remainder of the drive (4.2km) in 29 weeks.
		Tunnelling restarted when the UK's Health & Safety Executive was satisfied that further possible hazards had been addressed and that the necessary processes of route risk assessment and strict definition of driving parameters had been re-checked.
		CTRL Section 2 'London Tunnels' involves the construction of two 19km long high-speed rail tunnels between St Pancras and Dagenham (the 2.5km long C320 'Thames Tunnels' broke through last year).
	www.tunnelsonline.info /story.asp?sc=23280 (549 words)

	Brunel Engine House - The Tunnel
		The Thames Tunnel was the first tunnel to be built under a navigable river and the first to use a tunnel shield.
		In 1869 after 26 years as a not very profitable foot tunnel it was converted into a railway tunnel to create the East London Railway which became part of the Southern Railway in 1923 and then became part of London Underground in 1948.
		The tunnel was the greatest achievement of Sir Marc Brunel's career and the beginning of Isambard Kingdom Brunel's long and varied engineering career.
	www.brunelenginehouse.org.uk /tunnel.asp (496 words)

	History of the Hudson & Manhattan Railroad (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Jacobs had the abandoned tunnel at the foot of 15th Street drained of sea water and informed McAdoo that the tunnel was in excellent condition.
		The tunnelling of the Hudson River is indeed a notable achievement-one of those achievements of which all Americans should be proud.
		The Hudson and Manhattan Railroad's Hudson Tunnels were predicted to be the financial salvation of Northern and even Central New Jersey--and Hudson County's waterfront municipalities, particularly Jersey City and Hoboken, were the main beneficiaries of this prediction.
	www.jerseycityhistory.net /hudsontubes.html (3306 words)

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