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	Terris Temple and Leslie Nguyen: Giant Thangkas of Tsurphu Monastery
		This thangka, completed in the spring of 1994, was made to replace the previous 17th century applique made during the time of the 10th Karmapa.
		In the early morning, the huge thangka is carried from inside the main temple, where it is kept, through the monastery courtyard, across the river and up the facing hill to the top of the steep inclined wall on which it is unfurled (fig.
		Similarly, this thangka is translated as a fl applique thangka whereby the colourful wrathful deities are stitched against a fl satin background.
	www.asianart.com /tsurphu/index.html (3078 words)

	eBay Store - NEPACRAFTS: Thangkas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In a temple, thangka are uses for worship and meditation of a priest, and practice of specific Buddhism.
		Thangka are intended to serve as a record of, and guide for contemplative experience.
		Thangkas are traditionally framed with brocade in Tibet and Nepal.
	stores.ebay.com /NEPACRAFTS/Thangkas.html (1043 words)

	Sacred Buddhist Painting - The Tibetan Thangka
		A Thangka is a painted or embroidered banner which was hung in a monastery or a family altar and carried by lamas in ceremonial processions.
		Thangkas are painted on cotton canvas with water soluble pigments, both mineral and organic, tempered with a herb and glue solution.
		Shading in Tibetan Thangkas is always done to add effects of volume and dimension to the form be it a human figure, an anthropomorphic image of some deity or clouds, water, flames, rocks, flowers, curtains, seats, etc. Cast shadows and highlights are unknown aspects of the pictorial imagery of the Thangka.
	www.exoticindiaart.com /article/thangkas (1123 words)

	JAIC 1986, Volume 25, Number 2, Article 5 (pp. 97 to 103)
		A thangka is a Tibetan religious object in the form of a scroll, which is generally used as a teaching device or as an aid to various religious practices.
		A thangka is a complex construction including a painting, a textile mounting (sometimes with leather corners), pendant ribbons, a textile cover, a cord to hold up the cover, a cord or ribbons from which to hang the thangka from top and bottom dowels, and decorative knobs on the bottom dowels.
		The word thangka is thought by some to have derived from the Tibetan thang yig1 meaning “annal” or “written record.”2 Thangkas originated in India and evolved, in Tibet, from the nomadic lifestyle of early Buddhist monastics.
	aic.stanford.edu /jaic/articles/jaic25-02-005.html (2883 words)

	Intent, In Tents and Intense
		Thangkas are composite objects produced by painters and tailors with differing intents, skills and training.
		A thangka is a complicated, composite three-dimensional object consisting of: a picture panel which is painted or embroidered, a textile mounting; and one or more of the following: a silk cover, leather corners, wooden dowels at the top and bottom and metal or wooden decorative knobs on the bottom dowel.
		Only rarely do thangkas express the personal vision or creativity of the painter, and for that reason thangka painters have generally remained anonymous as have the tailors who made their mountings.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /byauth/shaftel/intent.html (1919 words)

	Buddhist Channel \| Arts & Culture \| Painted with a prayer
		Born of a deeply embedded spirituality in the lives of Tibetans, thangkas are supposed to embody the painter’s spirituality, giving every piece a personal touch that can reach out beyond the canvas with a sense of the mystical.
		Thangkas are now an integral part of Buddhist practice in Central Asia, claiming as prominent a place as statues of the Buddha.
		The images of deities within thangkas are said to have been seen in mystical visions or recorded in texts by accomplished spiritual masters thousands of years ago and therefore regarded as incredibly holy, even to spiritual aspirants today.
	www.buddhistchannel.tv /index.php?id=5,2080,0,0,1,0 (880 words)

	Thangkas : Tibetan Thangkas Conservation Treatment
		A popular form of thangka might consist of a central painting (cotton support) mounted in textile borders (silk with cotton lining) that have wooden dowels on the top and bottom and sometimes protective leather corners on top edges of the mounting and decorative metal knobs on the bottom dowel (fig.
		A thangkas are prime example of “inherent vice.” Each material reacts differently to handling, aging, changes in temperature and humidity, and so forth.
		In traditional Himalayan thangka painting the desired effect of a finished painting is a marked texture variation across the surface.
	www.thangkapaintings.com /thangkas.php (2765 words)

	The Conservation of Tibetan Thangkas
		Thangkas are painted in opaque watercolor on cotton fabric and often are mounted in elaborate brocades.
		Thangkas were meant to breathe as a hanging does, and they also were meant to be seen as 3-dimensional projections of a world which was to become the devotees.
		Thangkas have a great deal in common with one another, and after examining many hundreds, one begins to see the link not just to the culture that produced them, but the complex relationship each one has to the others.
	www.asianart.com /waac/index.htm (8523 words)

	THDL Medicine Collections
		Since it is clear that all artists made efforts to stick strictly to a traditional painting of the thangkas, a further study of the differences between the available sets and reasons for these differences may be interesting.
		Thangkas two to four are drawn in tree diagrams, which provides a logical system of categorization within the medical tradition.
		The bloodletting thangkas are of particular note since they are rarely documented in critical sources on Tibetan medical thangkas.
	www.thdl.org /collections/medicine/imagepresentations.html (1385 words)

	Tibetan Thangka
		A thangka is an exquisite scroll painting consisting of a picture panel either painted or embroidered, a textile mounted together with some ornamental and functional accessories.
		On the basis of material used and techniques involved, thangkas can be divided in to two groups: those that are painted on cloth, silk and paper; and those that are made of silk either by weaving or with embroidery or appliques.
		Thangkas have long been treasured and highly prized because of their close connection with religions and unique art style.
	www.tibettrip.com /features/thangkas.htm (905 words)

	eKantipur.com - Nepal's No.1 News Portal
		Thangkas and paintings on the walls of a monastery are not just mere paintings, and are incomparable to any contemporary art.
		Thangkas after that became a sacred part of Buddhism and till date there are hundreds of different kinds of Thangkas.
		The Thangka is then considered to be holy, but it is not worshipped unless a Lama has performed the formal rituals on it.
	www.kantipuronline.com /kolnews.php?&nid=21051 (1397 words)

	Choying Art - Home
		Thangkas are intended to nurture your mind toward enlightenment.
		The themes of thangka iconography are fixed by tradition and are based on principles of expression, proportion and detail.These paintings are traditionally executed on cloth with natural pigments made from minerals and plants such as lapis, malachite and cinnabar mixed with a natural binder.
		The Thangkas and various Dharma Arts exhibited in this virtual gallery are products of many years of study and effort to provide, for Dharma students, images that will serve as supports for practice and visualization.
	www.choyingart.com (222 words)

	The Conservation of Tibetan Thangkas: a group of symposium papers
		Thangkas are painted in opaque watercolor on cotton fabric and often are mounted in elaborate brocades.
		Thangkas were meant to breathe as a hanging does, and they also were meant to be seen as 3-dimensional projections of a world which was to become the devotees.
		Thangkas have a great deal in common with one another, and after examining many hundreds, one begins to see the link not just to the culture that produced them, but the complex relationship each one has to the others.
	sul-server-2.stanford.edu /waac/wn/wn15/wn15-2/wn15-207.html (8088 words)

	Tibetan Treasures - Buddhist Practice Materials - Dharma Items - T'hangkas - Thangkas - Tangkas - Chagdud Gonpa ...
		Thangkas are beautiful works of art as well as very helpful practice items for visualization.
		The overall width measurement given is that of the flared lower edge, which is the widest part of the thangka.
		These decorative knobs are attached to the ends of the dowel that is placed in the bottom hem of a thangka to help it to hang properly.
	www.tibetantreasures.com /tthtml/ttmerch/thangkapages.main/about.html (281 words)

	Art of Himalayas
		These Thangkas are currently on show at the Sangam Yoga Centre in London, England, until November 8th, 2006.
		In creating our thangkas we follow the traditional processes from application of the paint as well as adhering to the meditational theory and symbolic significance of the objects and deities depicted.
		If you have a specific thangka in mind that you don't see here, please feel free to send us an email and we can arrange to have one created for you.
	www.artofhimalayas.com (261 words)

	Tibetan Treasures
		Thangkas are intended to convey many blessings, whether they are in a temple, in a home as a treasured piece of art or as a center piece in the meditation room.
		Basically, Thangka paintings are a geometric devotional expression of prayer, worldly or spiritual truth or portray the spiritual history of Tibetan Buddhist Saints.
		When thangkas are older, they project a very powerful atmosphere, in that they are a spiritual expression in sacred geometry.
	www.avillion.org /tibetan_treasures.htm (446 words)

	eBay Guides - Newari Thangkas Painting
		Newari Thangka Paintings for both Hindu and Buddhist deities in different sizes and price range painted by the experienced artists of Newar community of Kathmandu valley, noted historically for their brilliant works of spiritual art and architecture, have been practicing Paubha Paintings from generations.
		In a temple, thangka are uses for worship and meditation of a priest, and practice of specific Buddhism.
		Thangka are intended to serve as a record of, and guide for contemplative experience.
	reviews.ebay.com /Newari-Thangkas-Painting_W0QQugidZ10000000000734768 (417 words)

	Introduction to Thangka Collecting
		Thangka can be displayed on wall as Tapestry or frame it directly like other common oil painting and hang the frame on the wall.
		A Thangka will stand out in any room, and is believed to bestow blessings and protection on those who respect it.
		Within temples and monasteries, according to religious holidays of the lunar cycle, specific Thangkas are removed from storage, unrolled, hung up in shrine halls where a ceremony would be performed according to the assigned deity.
	www.thebuddhahunter.com /thangka.htm (1263 words)

	Thangkas
		Traditionally, these scrolls are painted on a sized cotton, which is stretched tightly on a wooden frame, coated with starch, and polished to a shiny surface.
		Thangkas come in various sizes, and are bound in silk brocade, as scrolls.
		We are in the process of photographing all of our thangkas, and will add more daily until we have them all depicted here.
	www.tibetanliberation.org /thangkas.html (199 words)

	Tibetan Thangkas - Authentic Thangkas from Tibetan Spirit
		Tibetan thangkas are typically paintings of Buddha, deities or bodhisattvas.
		Tibetan thangkas can also be, among other things, paintings of mandalas, the wheel of life, or scenes from Buddha's life.
		Tibetan thangkas are more commonly used during reflection and meditation, but can also be appreciated as decorative art pieces.
	www.tibetanspirit.com /thangkas.asp (185 words)

	Thangkas: Scroll-Paintings Evoking Peace \| American Buddhist Net
		Thangkas are painted mainly on silk or cotton, using a variety of colors and shades.
		Lamas view Thangkas as objects of religious importance and devotion, as aids to spiritual practice, conferring blessings on meditators.
		One of the world- renowned Thangkas named Kalchakra Mandala is said to have been designed by the Dalai Lama, and is accordingly referred to as the Dalai Lama Mandala Thangka.
	americanbuddhist.net /node/286 (756 words)

	Silk Thangka \| The Tradition
		Far more commonly, thangkas (religious scroll pictures) were, and still are, painted with mineral colors and gold on a cotton canvas and then framed in silk brocade.
		The earliest known use of stitchery to create thangkas dates from the thirteenth century when images were woven and embroidered in China and given as gifts to Tibetan rulers or commissioned by them.
		Another applique thangka tradition exists in Amdo (northeastern Tibet) in which pieces are glued rather than sewn together and details are painted on the silk.
	www.silkthangka.com /tradition.htm (831 words)

	THANGKAS
		Thangkas are beautifully hand painted with precious gold leaf and ground pigments for a luminous quality.
		Each thangka is framed in a fine brocade cloth.
		When a thangka painting is displayed, the protective curtain may be tucked in at top, making a cornice with ruffles.
	www.potalagate.com /Qstore/Qstore.cgi?CMD=007&DEPT=1045241635&BACK=A0007A1B01045241588B1 (92 words)

	Newsletter 17.1 Spring 2002 (Conservation at the Getty)
		Although a few of the thangkas date to the 12th century, most are from the last 200 to 250 years; many are in good condition, with their colors still vibrant.
		The tight rolling results in some stress on all types of thangkas, but the painted thangkas are most seriously affected; the paint layer is prone to cracking and flaking as a result of repeated rolling.
		However, flat storage is not feasible for the particularly large thangkas, nor is it practical for the remainder of the collection, in view of the sheer numbers of thangkas.
	www.getty.edu /conservation/publications/newsletters/17_1/gcinews6.html (738 words)

	Buddhist Art: Tibetan Thangka Paintings
		These letters were not intended to be part of the final composition and should not be confused with the former.
		At the beginning of the 1990's he began an intensive study of thangka painting with visits to Mongolia, Nepal and India.
		Terris and Leslie Nguyen Temple are Buddhist artists who worked on the giant thangkas in Tibet for His Holiness the 17th Karmapa.
	www.buddhanet.net /thangkas.htm (2105 words)

	Temple Art Studios; Home
		We accept commissions to create applique thangkas for a patrons personal use and collection as well as for their offerings to lamas or Dharma centers.
		In 1990, I was fortunate to connect with the Western thangka painting teacher, Terris Temple, who generously passed on teachings and skills that remained respectful to the tradition and lineage in methods and spirit.
		applique thangka, applique thangkas, applique thangkha, applique thangkhas
	www.tibetcolor.com /taleslieappl.htm (820 words)

	Tibetan Art
		The thangkas are painted or embroidered images rendered on cloth, silk or paper which is mounted on a cloth backing and may be rolled up like a scroll when not hung.
		A thangka composed of strung pearls is kept in Dradrug Monastery in Shannan.
		Its subjects and pictorial composition are similar to those of thangka and the difference is that the pictures are drawn on wooden tablets of various shapes.
	omni.cc.purdue.edu /~wtv/tibet/art.html (947 words)

	Thangkas make inroads into art collections - www.phayul.com
		Some 14th century thangkas of the ‘Adi Buddha’ are valued in the bracket of $50,000-70,000, while the last thangka of Yamantaka, a largish creation, is in the region of $70,000-100,000.
		The more recent a thangka piece, less expensive it normally is. The 19th century thangka of Mandala, for example, sports a price tag of around $20,000-30,000, even as the 14th century thangka of Yab-Yum figures in price territory of $60,000-90,000.
		Thangkas can especially be compared to miniature creations and could be as important an art form.
	www.phayul.com /news/tools/print.aspx?id=8112&t=1 (418 words)

	Thangkas - combining the sacred and the sublime - Deccan Herald - Internet Edition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Thangkas, or scroll paintings, are "a form of Tibetan religious art, used as an aid for meditation," according to Tenzin Ngodup, a 32-year old artist and teacher from the Institute of Tibet and Thangka Art (ITTA) in Dharamsala.
		He describes the steps involved in a painted thangka thus: first, the material (hand-woven linen, cotton or, for important subjects, silk) is stretched on a wooden frame, and is treated with a paste of powder and glue in preparation for painting.
		Painting thangkas is a very formalised and stylised skill, requires immense concentration and patience, and of course, demands years of training and practice.
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/oct72005/update1038282005107.asp (1034 words)

	Thangkas website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A Thangka is a painted or embroidered Tibetan banner which was hung in a monastery or a family altar and carried by lamas in ceremonial processions.
		The Thangka is thus a kind of painting done on flat surface but which can be rolled up when not required for display, sometimes called a scroll-painting.
		Thangkas in the West have often been regarded as decorative wall hangings (although this has changed in recent years), but their history in the East is usually purely religious, and there is a long tradition of blessing thangkas by Lamas before they are hung.
	www.divinesymbols.com (215 words)

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