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Topic: The Astonishing Hypothesis

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	The Astonishing Hypothesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Astonishing Hypothesis is Francis Crick's 1994 book about consciousness.
		Crick argued that traditional conceptualizations of the soul as a non-material being must be replaced by a materialistic understanding of how the brain produces mind.
		Crick's controversial message, "You, your joys and your sorrows, your memories and your ambitions, your sense of personal identity and free will, are in fact no more than the behavior of a vast assembly of nerve cells and their associated molecules" has caused some controversy over the physiological approach.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_Astonishing_Hypothesis (462 words)

	Francis Crick: Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul - Bøger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		His detour on how the human brain sees is at times interesting, but ultimately not all that helpful in illuminating Crick's "astonishing hypothesis." The book (page 259) supplies a reasonable answer to presupposed objections via-a-vis Crick's modus operandi for supporting his hypothesis.
		This book, The Astonishing Hypothesis, is the author's statement on human consciousness, and by extension, on human life itself.
		Like virtually everyone who appreciates the brain's workings, Crick sides on the side of the materialists and rightfully entitled his hypothesis 'astonishing.' The idea that consciousness and everything human comes from a jumble of meat is astonishing and should never fail to be.
	www.totaltiorden.dk /shop/product_details.php/0684801582 (804 words)

	slugs_chap8
		The Astonishing Hypothesis is that “You,” your joys and your sorrows, your memories and your ambitions, your sense of personal identity and free will, are in fact no more than the behaviour of a vast assemble of nerve cells and their associated molecules.
		Crick is merely restating the common belief and most basic assumption that has been the cornerstone of modern psychology and science for the past century: A human being is regarded as a material, biological and neurological being—a pack of neurons—but not as having a soul, or a spiritual and divine nature.
		Crick’s point is that this hypothesis is astonishing when contrasted with the popular belief in spirit and the existence of the soul.
	www.zeropoint.ca /slugs_IV_chap1.htm (1657 words)

	Criminal behavior and the ethics of biological intervention Humanist - Find Articles
		This kind of information has led many scientists to accept as a working hypothesis the idea that human behavior is understandable as the product of the functioning of the human nervous system.
		However, as a working hypothesis there seems to be no reason why such explanations might not be achieved in the future and that some amazing progress appears to have been made in that direction.
		The ultimate confirmation of Crick's hypothesis will come through empirical research, but the idea that human behavior has its roots in individual physiology, particularly the functioning of the human nervous system, has led to the routine and effective use of drugs to control many unwelcome aspects of disease, including mental illness.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1374/is_5_65/ai_n15890740 (893 words)

	The Daily Princetonian - Pervasiveness of humanity between molecules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This hypothesis is so alien to the ideas of most people alive today that it can truly be called astonishing.
		So begins Francis Crick's 1994 book "The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul." As a caveat lector, this is natural reductionism at its finest.
		Religious criticisms of "The Astonishing Hypothesis" focus mainly on notions of the soul and how it is separate from the body.
	www.dailyprincetonian.com /archives/1998/03/02/opinion/6152.shtml (804 words)

	The Scientific Search for the Soul, Part I: Jeffrey Mishlove interviews Francis Crick
		MISHLOVE: But now you've moved into the field of human consciousness, and in your book The Astonishing Hypothesis you maintain that the astonishing hypothesis is fundamentally that the neuron is the basis of consciousness, just as DNA would be seen as the basis of life.
		I mean, obviously if you believe in the astonishing hypothesis, namely, that it's all due to neurons, if your brain dies, essentially you as a person would be considered dead, whereas the more conventional, and often the religious, interpretation is that in some sense some immaterial spirit survives.
		And that's why it's called an astonishing hypothesis, because it's a working hypothesis that it's not the same as the conventional religious views.
	www.williamjames.com /transcripts/crick1.htm (4067 words)

	[No title]
		His hypothesis, astonishing or not, is really quite simple: man has no soul, no spiritual self which transcends his/her physical frame.
		As Lewis Carroll's Alice might have phrased it: "you're nothing but a pack of neurons." This hypothesis is so alien to the ideas of most people alive today that it can be truly called astonishing.
		Now on the surface of it, Crick's argument seems so obvious as not to be very astonishing at all, especially when we realize that every great discovery in science has been grounded, so to say, in some simpler material structure.
	members.tripod.com /~dlane5/crick2.html (1799 words)

	Amazon.com: Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul: Books: Francis Crick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Astonishing Hypothesis is that "You," your joys and your sorrows, your memories and your ambitions, your sense of personal identity and free will, are in fact no more than the behavior of a vast assembly of nerve cells and their associated molecules.
		Astonishing Hypothesis, Processing Postulate, United States, University of California, David Marr, Salk Institute, Artificial Intelligence, Nobel Prize, San Diego, San Francisco, Stephen Grossberg, Tomaso Poggio
		In his book the Astonishing Hypothesis he tackles a topic hardly less complex, the origin of awareness.
	www.amazon.com /Astonishing-Hypothesis-Scientific-Search-Soul/dp/0684801582 (2139 words)

	Gaps in Penrose's Toilings
		As for consciousness, the Penrose hypothesis is that given human mathematical performance, we can tell that the brain must be such a (deeply) noncomputable system.
		As the idea that microtubules are the key originated with and is mainly articulated by Stuart Hameroff, later to be adopted by Penrose, we shall focus first on the story as it comes from Hameroff.
		This is a major problem for the hypothesis, because impurities are an obstacle to the postulated long-range co-operativity, especially super-radiance.
	mind.ucsd.edu /papers/penrose/penrosehtml/penrose-text.html (10235 words)

	Review of "The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search For The Soul" by Francis Crick
		It is not surprising that the Noble laureate who discovered the reductionist explanation of DNA should extend this method to the mind-brain problem.
		This hypothesis is very difficult to integrate with the above thalamic theory of attention and awareness.
		1.7 All in all, Crick's hypothesis will not be so very astonishing to many readers of this journal; but it, and Crick's use of it in surveying the relevant experimental literature, make for fascinating and entertaining reading.
	psyche.cs.monash.edu.au /v2/psyche-2-18-webster.html (972 words)

	Science Musings by Chet Raymo
		The "astonishing hypothesis" of Crick's title is simply that we are biochemical machines.
		Yes, says Crick, and that's his "astonishing hypothesis." Our tendency is to react against this astonishing information, because we like to think we are more than biochemistry, that our destiny is to fly free of the physical self.
		Developmental biologists have pretty much figured out exactly how C. elegans constructs a self, such as it is. The human problem is vastly more difficult, but the broad outline for how it happens is in place.
	www.sciencemusings.com /2005/01/making-mind.html (924 words)

	The Synergism Hypothesis
		The hypothesis is that the synergies which may result from cooperative behaviors are the very cause of their systematic evolution over time, via their impacts on differential survival and reproduction.
		The significance of symbiogenesis in relation to the synergism hypothesis is that these "creative" processes have constituted an important subset of the total universe of synergistic phenomena that have played a causal role in the evolution of complexity.
		Accordingly, the synergism hypothesis can be tested in much the same way that the role of natural selection is routinely tested, with hypotheses and analytical tools that are appropriate to a given context.
	www.complexsystems.org /publications/synhypo.html (16569 words)

	MIRROR NEURONS AND THE BRAIN IN A VAT By V.S. Ramachandran
		Rama's "dangerous if true" idea is "what Francis Crick referred to as "the astonishing hypothesis"; the notion that "our conscious experience and sense of self is based entirely on the activity of a hundred billion bits of jelly — the neurons that constitute the brain.
		He then goes on to characterize Crick's "astonishing hypothesis" as a key indicator of "the fifth revolution" — the "neuroscience revolution" — the first four being Copernican, Darwinian, Freudian, and the discovery of DNA and the genetic code.".
		An idea that would be "dangerous if true" is what Francis Crick referred to as "the astonishing hypothesis"; the notion that our conscious experience and sense of self is based entirely on the activity of a hundred billion bits of jelly — the neurons that constitute the brain.
	www.edge.org /3rd_culture/ramachandran06/ramachandran06_index.html (4052 words)

	Lyricus Teaching Order - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In particular, the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus and the thalamic reticular nucleus (recent review article: [2]).
		These brain regions happen to be components of one of the most discussed theories of consciousness, that proposed by Francis Crick in 1984 [3] and later elaborated in his book, The Astonishing Hypothesis (subtitle: "The Scientific Search for the Soul").
		According to James, we must expect another 20 years of scientific research before we can fully understand the role of these brain regions in a scientific understanding of the soul.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lyricus_Teaching_Order (523 words)

	Edge: THE ASTONISHING FRANCIS CRICK by V.S. Ramachandran
		The title of Rama's talk, "The Astonishing Francis Crick", is from the recent "Francis Crick Memorial Lecture" he gave at the center for the philosophical foundations of science in New Delhi, India, at the invitation of Professor Ranjit Nair.
		V.S. is Director of the Center for Brain and Cognition and professor with the Psychology Department and the Neurosciences Program at the University of California, San Diego, and Adjunct Professor of Biology at the Salk Institute.
		As Crick often reminded us, it's a sobering thought that all our motives, emotions, desires, cherished values and ambitions—even what each of us regards as his very own "self"—are merely the activity of a hundred billion tiny wisps of jelly in the brain.
	www.edge.org /3rd_culture/crick04/crick04_index.html (1857 words)

	Consciousness and Neuroscience
		We have argued (Crick and Koch, 1995a) that in primates, contrary to most received opinion, it is not located in cortical area V1 (also called the striate cortex or area 17).
		This is not to say that what goes on in V1 is not important, and indeed may be crucial, for most forms of vivid visual awareness.
		We hope that further neuroanatomical work will make our hypothesis plausible for humans, and that further neurophysiological studies will show it to be true for most primates.
	www.klab.caltech.edu /~koch/crick-koch-cc-97.html (9811 words)

	Alibris: Hypothesis
		The book explores the hypothesis that the Earth's living matter--air, ocean, and land surfaces--forms a complex system that has the capacity to keep the Earth a fit place...
		Sheldrake's hypothesis, "Formative Causation", proposes that form and function of all living things are passed to succeeding generations by "morphogenetic fields" that extend through space and time.
		'The hypothesis suggested by Benjamin Lee Whorf that the structure of a person's language is a factor in the way in which he understands reality and behaves with respect to it has attracted the attention of linguists, anthropologists, psychologists, and philosophers, as well as a large segment of the public.' -Science
	www.alibris.com /search/books/subject/Hypothesis (1189 words)

	Francis Crick (1916-2004) \| Lambda the Ultimate
		These classic experiments were an astonishing example of scientific discovery at its best.
		In recent years Crick was interested in the questions of neurobiology, and published the provocative book Astonishing Hypothesis which tackled the question of human consciousness.
		It's been occurring more and more to me lately that one of the astonishing things about being in computing is that most of our intellectual heros are still with us.
	lambda-the-ultimate.org /node/145 (1100 words)

	Commentary Magazine - The Astonishing Hypothesis, by Francis Crick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Some 40 years ago, in a Nobel Prize-winning feat, Francis Crick and James Watson unraveled the structure of DNA, showing how the genetic information which controls the biological nature of all living creatures is stored in a molecule with the shape of a double helix.
		...A question immediately pops into mind: in a world full of atheists, agnostics, and diehard skeptics, what is so astonishing about this hypothesis...
		...If this hypothesis is correct, Crick goes on, it follows that the idea that man has a disembodied soul is unnecessary...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V97I4P60-1.htm (1563 words)

	Behaviorism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Such results, he maintained, support the hypothesis that learning is a result of habits formed through trial and error, and Thorndike formulated "laws of behavior," describing habit formation processes, based on these results.
		On the other hand, the methodological behaviorism of Turing's proposed Imitation Game test for artificial intelligence (the "Turing test") has been widely remarked and "the Turing test conception" of intelligence may be considered a parade case of metaphysical behaviorism for purposes of refutation (as by Block 1981) or illustration (as follows).
		The Imitation Game proposed by Turing (1950) was originally a game of female impersonation: the aim of the game for the (male) querant is to pass for (i.e., be judged by the questioner to be) female.
	www.iep.utm.edu /b/behavior.htm (7032 words)

	Amazon.com: hypothesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Hypothesis of the Stolen Painting by Raoul Ruiz, Jean Rougeul, Bruno Guillain, and Isidro Romero (DVD)
		Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul by Francis Crick (Paperback - Jul 1, 1995)
		Catholic catechism T lie Astonishing Hypothesis is that "You," your joys...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&search-alias=aps&keywords=hypothesis&page=1 (360 words)

	OREMUS (LET US PRAY): AN ANTHOLOGY OF MATHEMATICAL, MUSICOLOGICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND THEOLOGICAL PAPERS (bold)
		Hypothesis) and of the unified field mathematical framework of
		a priori deductive arguments, the demise of Dr. Francis Crick's "Astonishing Hypothesis" of the materialistic reductionism of all human consciousness to neural correlates in the brain, an intertheoretic - philosophical, phenomenological, and neurobiological - paradigm of the human mind (consciousness) consonant with the Catholic intermediate monistic theory of
		In Chapter 4, the cosmological theory of inflation (and the Multiverse Hypothesis) and the unified field mathematical framework of the string theories are physically explained and philosophically evaluated in terms of the metaphysical principles of Mathematical Realism (Mathematical Logic and the Philosophy of God and Man, Manago, Part I: pp.
	www.authorhouse.com /BookStore/ItemDetail.aspx?q3=aB4/b3ByPLg= (933 words)

	[No title]
		I am fond of work that involves the Principle of Least Astonishment in Astrophysics.
		Another hypothesis, that this paper addresses, is that these quasars are actually magnified without being multiply imaged, so the observed magnitude is larger than it should be, and thus their mass is overestimated.
		However, this paper shows that this hypothesis is improbable, thus it implies some very interesting results that cosomology must attempt to incorporate.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~jeffreyh/LRP/intro.html (361 words)

	Scientific Hero and Humanist Francis Crick Passes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Crick's work rendered profound insight into the workings of all life at a cellular level and made possible things like the human genome project and the field of modern biotechnology.
		His recent publications, such as The Astonishing Hypothesis, leave no doubt that he saw the world in a deeply rational, empirical and humanistic way.
		Francis Crick will surely be missed, but perhaps no greater tribute could remain than to continue to build upon his momentous work.
	www.unm.edu /~humanism/Francis-Crick.html (144 words)

	Concepts in Biochemistry - Cutting Edge
		Crick never published this hypothesis in a journal, although he distributed it to many colleagues.
		He referred to his theory as his “most influential unpublished paper.” But his hypothesis proved true.
		He writes in his book, An Astonishing Hypothesis, that “your joys and your sorrows, your memories and your ambitions, your sense of personal identity and free will, are in fact no more than the behavior of a vast assembly of nerve cells and their associated molecules.
	www.wiley.com /legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/cutting_edge/history/history.htm (1654 words)

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