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Topic: The Golem (Leivick)

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	Background on the Golem Legends
		The best-known of the golem stories concerned a Rabbi Löw of 16th-century Prague, who was said to have created a golem that he used as his servant.
		According to Leivick's stage directions, he visualized the golem as a giant with a fl curly beard, a dull stare and a fixed smile that was somehow on the verge of tears.
		Bloch, Hayim, The Golem; Legends of the Ghetto of Prague.
	www.scils.rutgers.edu /~kvander/golem/backgroundgolem.html (2239 words)

	The Golem - UTA Dept. of Theatre Arts
		In 1921, a Yiddish poetic drama titled THE GOLEM, was published by the Russian born Leivick.
		The golem was given artificial intelligence and super strength, but the golem is curious by everything he sees.
		The beggars of Prague shun the golem and his slightest gesture is mistaken for aggression.
	www.uta.edu /theatre/golem.htm (231 words)

	The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Golem
		The word golem is used in the Bible to refer to an embryonic or incomplete substance: Psalm 139:16 uses the word "gal'mi", meaning "my unshaped form" (in Hebrew, words are derived by adding vowels to triconsonantal roots, here, g-l-m).
		Similarly, golems are often used today in metaphor either as brainless lunks or as entities serving man under controlled conditions but hostile to him in others.
		The golem became a creation of overambitious and overreaching mystics, who would inevitably be punished for their blasphemy, very similar to Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the alchemical homunculus.
	www.book-of-thoth.com /thebook/index.php/Golem (1439 words)

	[No title]
		Loew's Golem was between seven-and-a-half and nine feet tall and had tremendous strength, but had a very placid and passive disposition when not under orders to act otherwise.
		When the Golem was no longer needed, Loew removed the parchment, returning the Golem to being a statue, and the statue was laid to rest in the attic of the synagogue.
		Of the various re-tellings of the story of the Golem of Prague, this is certainly the most readable and the most enjoyable, though perhaps not the most faithful to its source material.
	www.geocities.com /Hollywood/6960/golem.htm (5780 words)

	Golem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He is reported to have created a golem to defend the Prague ghetto of Josefov from Anti-Semitic attacks.
		According to the legend, Golem could be made of clay from the banks of the Vltava river in Prague.
		It is said that the body of Rabbi Loew's golem lies in the attic where the genizah of the Old-New Synagogue in Prague is kept.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Golem (1473 words)

	His Saving Grace \| The Jewish Exponent
		A main theme of his fiction is the conflict between traditional Judaism and modernism, between religious faith and secular attitudes." According to Neugroschel, the clash appears in Frishman's golem stories in the "sensuality" of Rabbi Leyb's daughter and her relationship with the golem.
		Leivick, author of the famous play about the golem, was born Leivick Halper, but he changed his name, Neugroschel writes, "to avoid being confused with the poet M.L. Halpern.
		And still somewhat shocking to the modern reader is to understand that the golem figure arose because of the persistence of the blood-libel accusation against Jews, the belief leveled by Christians that Jews need the blood of a non-Jew to make matzah at Passover.
	www.jewishexponent.com /article/10838 (1265 words)

	MET's Past Productions: The Golem - Notes on the Play
		RABBI JUDAH LOEW (A.K.A. Thaddeus the priest is portrayed darkly in The Golem.
		As a teenager he joined the Bund - the Jewish democratic-socialist mass movement that fought for the expansion of Yiddish culture and for the defeat of the czar - and in 1906 he was arrested and sentenced to four years of forced labor, followed by exile in Siberia.
		The Golem, Legends of the Ghetto of Prague (Chayim Bloch)
	www.met.com /golem/notes.html (1998 words)

	All About Jewish Theatre - The Golem Comes Alive at Chicago Jewish Theatre
		Leivick (1888-1962), hailed as the greatest Yiddish poet and playwright of his time, whose real name was Leivick Halpern, was born in Russia.
		Leivick published THE GOLEM as a poetic drama in Yiddish in 1921, and a new translation into English was made by Professor Joseph C. Landis, an acclaimed professor and translator of Yiddish, from Leivick’s original work.
		The Golem of this story, who is created only to protect the Jews from their enemies, instead begins to feel the emotions of humans, and his desire for love leads to tragedy.
	www.jewish-theatre.com /visitor/article_display.aspx?articleID=530 (567 words)

	Golem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Middle-earth; the name however is derived not from Golem, but rather from the throaty sound the character makes, beginning with a glottal stop (a throaty, almost swallowed "g").
		Although he could not reconcile himself to the investigations of Azariah di Rossi, and understood all the utterances of the Aggadah (narrative, non-legal parts of the Talmud) literally, yet he was entirely in favor of scientific research in so far as the latter did not contradict divine revelation.
		To his two disciples the Maharal said that he had named the Golem Joseph beacuse he had implanted in him the spirit of Joseph Shida, he who was half-man and half-demon, and who had saved the sages of the Talmud from many trials and dangers.
	dks.thing.net /Golem.html (12797 words)

	The Golem Legend and the Jews of Prague - Column - New York Times
		Death is the threat; the Golem is the response.
		Leivick, who had been imprisoned in Siberia in Czarist Russia for his radical political views, did not underestimate the threat being made against the Jews, but neither did he minimize the threat latent in the rabbi’s solution.
		Leivick’s conceptually ornate and powerful play, a form of original sin exists in the rabbi’s very act of creation: his own fears and anger pollute the purity of his devotion.
	travel.nytimes.com /2006/09/11/arts/11conn.html?pagewanted=all (1472 words)

	MET's Past Productions: The Golem - The Adaptation
		Leivick originally wrote The Golem (first published in 1921) to be read, not performed.
		Scenes that diverged completely from the central plot were cut (notably much of scene 7 in the original), and the arc of the play's latter half has been tightened.
		But taken as a whole, the play you'll see tonight is, in every way, H. Leivick's The Golem with a new coat of paint on it, perhaps, but delivered intact.
	www.met.com /golem/adaptation.html (270 words)

	Feature Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The word golem appears only once in the Bible (Psalms 139:16), and from it originated the talmudic usage of the term, as something “unformed” and “imperfect.” Adam is called golem, meaning body without soul, in a talmudic legend concerning the first twelve hours of his existence.
		In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries the Sefer Yetzirah received a different interpretation: the golem was created as part of an Ashkenazic mystical ritual which symbolized the level of their achievement at the conclusion of their studies.
		Although there is no evidence to support Loew’s creation and use of the golem to defend the Prague Jewish community from pogroms, the narrative has often been referred to and cited by narrators fascinated by the power of this clay creature, which may well have anticipated the marvelous literary invention of Mary Shelley (Frankenstein, 1817).
	www.emanuelnyc.org /bulletin/feature.html (451 words)

	The Looking Glass - Alice's Academy - Vol.3 No.1
		The idea of the golem and the belief in golem-making continued to be discussed and reinterpreted for several hundred years, and according to Emily D. Bilski and Moshe Idel, in their article, "The Golem: An Historical Overview," by the twelfth and thirteenth centuries there was a "virtual explosion of discussions on the golem" (11).
		To appreciate the effect Rosenberg's and Bloch's golem stories have had on children's literature, it is only necessary to consider the large number of children's books in which the golem is either linked to the central theme or is the main character.
		The golem's question and its plea for continued life are yet another example of the importance of Wisniewski's story to the continuing evolution of the literary golem.
	www.the-looking-glass.net /rabbit/3.1/academy.html (2874 words)

	languagehat.com: DER VOLF/THE WOLF.
		In another long poem, The Wolf (Der Volf, 1920), Leivick has a rabbi arise from a mound of ashes as the sole survivor of a masacred Jewish community.
		This poem was regarded, after the Hitler catastrophe, not as Leivick’s reaction to Petlura’s pogroms but as a prophetic vision of the later and greater extermination of Jews by their Christian neighbors.
		Haim Leivick is also the author of _The Golem_, one of the more melodramatic and anguished tellings of the Golem legend.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001346.php (675 words)

	Jewish and Israel News from New York - The Jewish Week (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The best-known golem story is set in the 16th century, involving Rabbi Yehudah Loew, the Maharal of Prague, who shapes a figure out of clay and brings it to life to protect the Jewish community.
		For Jewish writers, “the golem is as important as the Virgin Mary is to Catholics,” novelist Mark Mirsky, author of the story “The Golem of Brooklyn,” tells The Jewish Week.
		Paul Zakrzewski, director of literary programs at the JCC in Manhattan, who planned the golem program, said he is particularly interested in how artists are not necessarily retelling the golem legend but tapping into it for their art and finding contemporary reverberations.
	www.thejewishweek.com /news/newscontent.php3?artid=5712 (1619 words)

	Halim Barakat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The second question I addressed is this: how did it come to pass that Zionism, which began in the 19th century as a political movement reacting against growing anti-semitism in Europe, gave rise to a state that is destroying and prosecuting another society, that of the Palestinian people.
		"The Golem" is the story of a rabbi who breathes life into a clay figure to create a rescuer for a beleaguered Jewish community.
		Golem, it suggests, can be compared to several human creations such as the nuclear arms race and the militaristic garrison state (Israel) built by the Zionist movement on the ruins of Palestinian society.
	www.halimbarakat.com /publications/articles/onmemri_1.html (1011 words)

	ON THE GOLEM AS PROTECTOR
		Meyrink's book, notable for its detailed description and nightmare atmosphere, was a terrifying allegory about man's reduction to an automaton by the pressures of modern society.
		The golem, played by Wegener himself, is a complelling figure, with his stiff movements and squared-off haricut (remininscent, as Emily Bilski [curator of the exhibit] says, of figures in Egyptian art, though it also makes him look rather like a medieval serf.)".
		A third version, very different from either Wegener's or Steiner-Prag's can be found in a verse play, "The Golem," published in New York in 1921 by the Yiddish poet H. Leivick.
	www.fiu.edu /~weitzb/GOLEM-AS-PROTECTOR.htm (1641 words)

	San Diego Playbill - Theatre News
		THE GOLEM: Man of Earth is an adaptation of the medieval Jewish legend and the 20th century Yiddish play, The Golem, by H. Leivick.
		THE GOLEM: Man of Earth is a play based on a Jewish legend that has been attached to the famous Rabbi, Judah Bezalel Loew (born ca.
		In working with Zoe Caslin on The Golem, Ralph drew upon a knowledge of European Jewish history and familiarity with the performance styles and politics popular in the Yiddish Theatre of the early 20th century.
	www.sandiegoplaybill.com /news/news_6th_060925.html (1743 words)

	Broadway To Vegas March 24, 2002
		Drenched in the magic and mystery of the Kabbalah, The Golem retells the legends of a 26th century Rabbi in Prague who defies God when he molds and animates a huge clay figure to defend the Jewish community from attack.
		"Written in 1921 by an ex-Bolshevik H. Leivick, The Golem was astonishingly prophetic of the events of the Holocaust and the birth of the State of Israel.
		Joseph McKenna is the Golem, the being animated from clay.
	www.broadwaytovegas.com /March24,2002.html (4012 words)

	The Golem a CurtainUp review
		The Golem by H. Leivick was written 1921 in the shadow of WWI and in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution.
		Key to an understanding of the Golem, as distinct from other such creations as, say, Frankenstein, is that a man of God in defiance of Holy law made this monster.
		Finally, Joseph McKenna as the Golem presents a tortured soul, as though he were the only one on the stage who understands the consequence of his actions.
	www.curtainup.com /golem2002.html (735 words)

	huskerfan90210's Xanga Site
		The word golem is used in the Bible to refer to an embryonic or
		existence of a golem is sometimes a mixed blessing.
		In the late nineteenth century the golem was adopted by mainstream
	www.xanga.com /huskerfan90210 (1492 words)

	Fishelson David - playwright
		Drenched in the magic and mystery of the Kabbala, THE GOLEM retells the legend of a sixteenth-century Rabbi in Prague who defies God when he molds and animates a huge clay figure to defend the Jewish community from attack.
		Written in Yiddish in 1921 by Russian expatriate H. Leivick, THE GOLEM was astonishingly prophetic of the events of the Holocaust and the birth of the State of Israel.
		Leivick, adapted by David Fishelson, from a translation by Joseph C. Landis
	www.doollee.com /PlaywrightsF/FishelsonDavid.htm (1086 words)

	ACHRON Violin Concerto: Milken archive NAXOS 8.559408 [RB]: Classical CD Reviews- October 2004 MusicWeb(UK) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Golem suite is vividly performed and recorded by Schwarz and the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra.
		The Golem is a creature made from clay by man and into which life is breathed by imprinting into the clay the tetragrammaton (the actual name of God).
		The Golem also operates as a spiritual-mystical concept at other levels in the arcana of Jewish legends and lore.
	www.musicweb.uk.net /classrev/2004/Oct04/achron_milken.htm (809 words)

	Bringing The Golem to Life Again - 9/6/2006 - Publishers Weekly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		So the time seems ripe for a renewed interest in the Golem, the supernatural man-made creature said to have been created by a rabbi and cabbalist in 16th-century Prague to protect that city’s Jews from their enemies.
		It is a dying tongue that becomes harder to render into other languages with each generation as the number of fluent speakers dwindles.
		Golem, Cherry noted, “was created as a protector for the community.
	www.publishersweekly.com /article/CA6368870.html?nid=2287 (635 words)

	Joseph Achron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Leivick's The Golem, also written during this period, was chosen by the ISCM for performance in Venice in 1932.
		In 1934 he moved to Hollywood, where he composed music for films and continued his career as a concert violinist.
		’’The Golem’’, for cello, trumpet, horn and piano (1931)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Joseph_Achron (519 words)

	Yale Bulletin and Calendar - Current Issue
		Written in 1920 by Yiddish playwright and poet H. Leivick and translated by Joseph C. Landis, the play has been adapted by third-year drama student Eyal Goldberg, who will direct the production as his thesis project.
		Leivick's play is based on the medieval Jewish legends of Rabbi Loew of Prague, and tells the story of the creation of a "golem," a being made of clay that is endowed with life.
		Although a creature of brute strength, the golem struggles to fulfill his role as the messiah of the Jews.
	www.yale.edu /opa/v27.n23/story7.html (536 words)

	Playbill News: The Golem, with Robert Prosky, Animates Off Broadway April 1
		Levick, born in 1888, is considered one of the greatest writers to traffic in Yiddish drama.
		The Golem is his best known work and has been performed in many languages.
		The Golem, by H. Leivick, was adapted by MET artistic director David Fishelson from Joseph C. Landis' translation.
	www.playbill.com /news/article/68596.html (588 words)

	Staging the Impossible — www.greenwood.com
		Canonical figures, such as Strindberg, Yeats, Beckett, Ionesco, Cocteau, and Stoppard are studied, along with neglected figures, such as Wassily Kandinsky, better known as an expressionist painter, and Halper Leivick, author of the Yiddish play The Golem, and innovative new performance troupes and individual artists, such as Squat Theatre and Spalding Gray.
		Concluding essays are devoted to contemporary experimental theatre and postmodern drama.
		Leivick's The Golem and the Golem Legend by Carl Schaffer
	www.greenwood.com /catalog/MIJ/.aspx (538 words)

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