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Topic: The Growth of Biological Thought

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	The Law of Accelerating Returns
		In exponential growth, we find that a key measurement such as computational power is multiplied by a constant factor for each unit of time (e.g., doubling every year) rather than just being added to incrementally.
		There are a great many examples of the exponential growth implied by the law of accelerating returns in technologies as varied as DNA sequencing, communication speeds, electronics of all kinds, and even in the rapidly shrinking size of technology.
		If we view the exponential growth of computation in its proper perspective as one example of the pervasiveness of the exponential growth of information based technology, that is, as one example of many of the law of accelerating returns, then we can confidently predict its continuation.
	www.kurzweilai.net /articles/art0134.html?printable=1 (6430 words)

	History of plant systematics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance.
		^ Mayr, The Growth of Biological Thought, pp.
		^ Mayr, The Growth of Biological Thought, pp 162-165.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_plant_systematics (834 words)

	The Thought Experiment
		I've heard humans tend to overestimate the progress that can be made in the short term and underestimate it in the long term.
		And it raises an important question: how can we explain the conflict between the biological similarities we share with much of the animal kingdom and the intuition that, at least on the cognitive playing field, we are in a whole different league?
		Welcome to The Thought Experiment, the assorted thoughts of a simple man with an exceedingly complicated goal: understanding the brain.
	thethoughtexperiment.blogspot.com (1932 words)

	Purposeful Growth
		An excellent starting point for anyone intent on personal development and growth is to begin by improving interpersonal skills.
		If something bad comes instead, optimists tend to write it off as an isolated incident, an anomaly, or something out of their control; optimists believe things will be better in the future.
		If you’re a person whose first thoughts about the meaning of something that’s happened are negative thoughts, be encouraged by the knowledge that the first step toward a positive attitude and positive thinking is to simply think another thought.
	www.purposefulgrowth.com (946 words)

	The SocioWeb: Sociology Books » The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He is also the author of numerous quotable statements on the scientific method, biology and evolutionary thought, such as "...most scientific problems are far better understood by studying their history than their logic," a statement he backs up in this huge tome.
		Without the knowledge of Mayr's contribution and contributions made by other biological giants, starting with Darwin and going on through Sewell Wright, George Gaylord Simpson, the Huxleys, Dobzhansky, George Williams and many others, the rich development of biological thought is almost indecipherable.
		If you want to know what Aristotle thought, the details about van Leuvenhook as he turned his crude microscope on a drop of water (revealing the existence of teeming microorganisms), and the neo-darwinian synthesis (of Darwin and Mendelian genetics), this is your book.
	www.socioweb.com /sociology-books/book/0674364465 (532 words)

	Creation: God and Endangered Species
		This genesis is, in biological perspective, "of itself," spontaneous, autonomous; and biologists find nature to be prolific, even before the God question is raised.
		Or, shifting the meaning of "romantic" to its original sense, life is a romance, an epic of viral conflict and resolution producing rich historical novelty.
		Haldane went on to say that the marks of biological nature were its "beauty," "tragedy," and "inexhaustible queerness" (Haldane, 1932, pp.
	www.ecospherics.net /pages/RolstCreatGod.html (5636 words)

	Evolution of the term 'Species'
		A comprehensive presentation of the Growth of Biological thought towards modern biology is given in Mayr's book (Mayr, 1982) about the history of modern biology.
		He did not believe in the existence of essences, but assumed that the existence of particular beings of a biological population is sufficient to maintain the existence and the stability of its kind.
		The particular characteristics of a species are thought to be entirely defined by its gene pool and are maintained by the high fidelity of gene reproduction.
	bahai-library.com /unpubl.articles/originality/biology.html (8497 words)

	Selected Essays by Ernst Mayr (review)
		Mayr belongs to the naturalist camp; he was trained in ornithology; the distribution, the habits, the classification of, and the evolution of birds recur in his work.
		The time would seem to have come for the translators and interpreters of Aristotle to use a language appropriate to his thinking, that is, the language of biology, and not that of sixteenth century humanists.
		One of the reasons why Aristotle has been so consistently misunderstood is that he used the term eidos for his form-giving principle, and everybody took it for granted that he had something in mind similar to Plato's concept of eidos.
	home.tiac.net /~cri/1997/mayr.html (1302 words)

	Principles of Biology
		A laboratory and lecture course that emphasizes basic biological principles to prepare students for subsequent sequential courses required for biology majors.
		The nature of scientific inquiry and its role in the growth of biological thought is an important initial theme of the course.
		Darwin and evolutionary thought, the Modern Synthesis, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and mechansims of evolution
	www.sru.edu /PAGES/2316.asp (499 words)

	Bibliographic Essays: Life Sciences in the Twentieth Century
		A recent and general source for views on the history of heredity is Emst Mayr's massive The Growth of Biological Thought (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1982), especially Part II (Chs.
		MacKenzie emphasizes how the development of biometrical thought was intimately connected to social purposes such as eugenics in the work of Galton, Pearson, and R. Fuher.
		Several essays by Charles Rosenberg have suggested the importance in America of agriculture to the growth of genetics in the twentieth century.
	www.hssonline.org /teach_res/essays/allen/allenp3.html (1706 words)

	Amazon.com: The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance: Books: Ernst Mayr (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ernst Mayr's comprehensive history of biological thought is nothing less than the story of man's discovery of his own place in nature.
		Mayr clearly shows the power of Lamarck's thought and reveals that he, more than anyone, "discovered the Achilles heel of natural theology" with his insight that "a species must likewise change forever in order to remain in harmonious balance with the environment." This book is not a quick read as it is packed with information.
		There is history in biological thought and not only an accumulation of knowledge as it is commonly assumed.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0674364465?v=glance (1826 words)

	Ernst Mayr
		Apart from biological subjects, his writings include works on the philosophy and history of science in general and biology in particular.He started his career with an introduction to Erwin Stresemann due to the accidental sighting of Red-crested Pochards in Germany.
		He continues to reject the view that evolution is the mere change of gene frequencies in populations, maintaining that other factors such as reproductive isolations have to be taken into acccount.
		1982 The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution and Inheritance.
	bookonlineshopping.com /284628_ernst-mayr_0674037502animalspeciesand... (1137 words)

	Pharyngula::More on Mayr (Site not responding. Last check: )
		I disagreed strongly with some of his ideas on evolution—I think his version of evolutionary biology was far too narrow, and he had a tendency to appropriate everyone else's work by the force of his academic personality, and shackle it to his personal vision of how biology should work.
		His "Growth of Biological Thought" and "Toward a New Philosophy..." were very important in my own intellectual development.
		I need to go back to âGrowth of Biological Thoughtâ, I guess, and perhaps get some of his more recent stuff (This is biology, What Evolution Is).
	pharyngula.org /index/weblog/comments/more_on_mayr (1345 words)

	[No title]
		Plant growth is one of many biological phenomena which are governed by the process of repeated concurrent substitution that lies at the essence of the L-system model.
		First of all there is secondary growth, which is responsible for the gradual increase of branch diameter with time.
		Thought is possible in several modes, but one of the most common is speech....
	www.goertzel.org /books/complex/ch9.html (5966 words)

	Omega Point Institute \| Jonathan Bethel \| Singularity, Transhuman, Utopia, Paradigm Shift, Technology
		Actually, our technological development has been experiencing exponential growth for some time; however, at the beginning of any exponential growth curve, changes are very slight and nearly imperceptible, appearing very much like basic linear growth.
		If you did, then you were partaking of the awakening noosphere, the thought envelope surrounding the planet that is now coming to fruition.
		Teilhard had his sentiment of networked thought in the noosphere nearly fifty years before the internet came into being, and he came to his assumptions after studying Darwinian evolution and the course of biology.
	omegapoint.org (609 words)

	Books by Ernst Mayr (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As he wrote in the foreword to the German edition of 'The Growth of Biological Thought' (Die Entwicklung der biologischen Gedankenwelt; Springer; 1984), he saw his contribution in philosophy of biology mainly in overcoming and eliminating the gap between science and philosophy by teaching each others knowledge.
		This volume, published six years after 'The Growth of Biological Thought', is an abridged version of the latter, does not require a college degree in biology, leaves out much of the historical presentation of the idea of evolution of life, and focuses more sharply on the philosophy of biology.
		Mayr may not have known that Einstein is not just famous for his theory of relativity, but also for giving a theoretical explanation of Brownian motion, one of the few physical phenomena where chance is crucial and is an essential ingredient in the behavior of all cellular structures.
	www.whatislife.com /reviews/mayr.htm (1393 words)

	History of Biological Sciences
		Although not exclusively British in focus, this is an historical account which neatly melds the "history of ideas" and socio-cultural approaches to the historiography of science.
		No attempt is made to provide the reader with an exhaustive account of available works - it will suffice to provide a sampler of some of the best scholarship in recent times.
		Lankester (like Huxley and Foster) was particularly involved in reforming biological education in light of the developing evolutionary and experimental paradigms, and indeed often sparred with Bastian.
	www.public.asu.edu /~jmlynch/smalldocs/rgbh.html (1528 words)

	Free Range Thought - Home
		Free Range Thought is largely a response to the Bush Administrations war crimes and, a more general understanding of governments, self determination, world politics, and human rights.
		David Pimentel - one of the world's leading experts on the global food crisis and its relation to the human population and population growth.
		We began the program with some live music from Shabbat and Adir Cohen and news updates including Ron Paul Questioning the Chair of the Federal reserve on Capitalism, Fascism, and the governments increasing control of US citizens - as opposed the US citizen control of the government, the way it was intended to be.
	www.freerangethought.com (2049 words)

	Zoo 441a History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The run-up to Darwin and beyond is placed in the context of Western European intellectual traditions, since modern scientific ideas and approaches developed there, from beginnings in the Middle East.
		This was a fine example of the reluctance to face up to the global consequences of the use of rational thought.
		It was published anonymously, and caused an enormous scandal and colossal outrage: ".......if our glorious maidens and matrons may not soil their fingers with the dirty knife of the anatomist, neither may they poison the strings of joyous thought and modest feelings by listening to the seductions of this author....".
	instruct.uwo.ca /zoology/441a/evo.hist.html (6553 words)

	Lewis Thomas Prize Honors Ernst Mayr: Award From The Rockefeller University Recognizes Scientists As Poets (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1942, Mayr published his first book, Systematics and the Origin of the Species, a seminal tome that has been recognized as a groundbreaking contribution to the field of modern evolutionary synthesis.
		His other books include The Growth of Biological Thought, his monumantal history of biology; One Long Argument: Charles Darwin and the Genesis of Modern Evolutionary Thought, which garnered the 1992 Phi Beta Kappa Award for best science book; and most recently This is Biology: The Science of the Living World.
		Mayr is the sixth person to receive the Lewis Thomas Prize, established in 1993.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-04/RU-LTPH-090498.php (867 words)

	METHODS OF SCIENCE (Site not responding. Last check: )
		All of these philosophies have addressed certain aspects of scientific methods and thought.
		The great biologist and philosopher, Ernst Mayr, has published two books, The Growth of Biological Thought and Toward a New Philosophy of Biology (1988) which I find particularly thorough and balanced.
		It may be thought of as the "what is" method.
	www.physics.odu.edu /~weinstei/srhr/pseudo/stuart.htm (2031 words)

	HON301K Sept 10, 2003
		The historian of biology encourners some of his greatest difficulties when trying to ferret out such silent assumptions; and anyone who attempts to questin these "eternal truths" encounters formidable resistance.
		The Growth of Biological Thought, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA Surprising new forms of collective behavior arise from what appear to be sponstaneous apperances of increasing levels of complexity, whether at the physical, chemical, biological, or symbolic levels.
		A. Science has three major objectives according to biologist F. Ayala (1968) (In: Mayer, E. he growth of biological thought.
	www.bethel.edu /~kisrob/hon301k/sessions03/Sept10sciencemodels (819 words)

	Find in a Library: The growth of biological thought : diversity, evolution, and inheritance
		The growth of biological thought : diversity, evolution, and inheritance
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	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/d80cdaf691a3f79e.html (59 words)

	Conta Natura: Biblioteca mínima: The Growth of Biological Thought, Ernst Mayr
		Conta Natura: Biblioteca mínima: The Growth of Biological Thought, Ernst Mayr
		Biblioteca mínima: The Growth of Biological Thought, Ernst Mayr
		Aquela que é provavelmente a melhor síntese das ideias sobre evolução, diversidade e hereditariedade até meados do século passado foi escrita em 1982 por Ernst Mayr, que completou 100 anos de vida este ano.
	contanatura.weblog.com.pt /arquivo/2004/10/biblioteca_mini.html (64 words)

	Statistics and Trace Evidence: The Tyranny of Numbers by Houck (Forensic Science Communications, October 1999) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It has persisted not only in the physical sciences, where mathematical proofs are often possible, but also in the biological sciences (Mayr 1982).
		The "tyranny of numbers," the trenchant belief that science is best expressed through mathematics, overshadows the potential explanatory power many disciplines have, simply because a mathematical value is expected but may not be possible.
		Simplistically rendered, biological science recognizes the necessity of these decisions and their profound influence on the nature of conclusions, and brings them under control by explicit formulation and procedures.
	www.maxwell.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/fbi/houck.htm (3904 words)

	Bountiful Breast Review
		breast growth for such a short time, about a half cup increase, and my bra was running
		The pills reactivate women's natural growth hormones as they were in puberty, resulting in
		Breast size is determined by the percentage of fat to the other tissues
	www.breastenhancepill.com /bountiful-breast-review.html (601 words)

	Bibliography of Writings on Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913)
		Problem solving and discovery in the growth of Darwin's theories of evolution.
		Charles Darwin's biological species concept and theory of geographic speciation: the transmutation notebooks.
		Malthus and the evolutionists: The common context of biological and social theory.
	www.wku.edu /~smithch/wallace/second.htm (8160 words)

	SSR - Induction, Deduction and the Scientific Method
		Mayr in his Growth of Biologic Thought [6] offers this definition: "inductivism claims that (we) can arrive at objective unbiased conclusions only by…recording, measuring, and describing what we encounter without any root hypothesis…."
		In descriptive sciences like astronomy, paleontology, archeology, etc. where it is impossible to design experimental changes in the environment being studied, computer modeling is often used as a form of experimentation, and lab studies of age, size, and composition of collected specimens usually are thought of as experiments.
		In the end, it comes down to this: We become scientists because we want to learn how to solve at least a few of nature’s infinite puzzles; if we are recognized for our accomplishments, so much the better.
	www.ssr.org /Induction.html (7891 words)

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