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Topic: The Left (Luxembourg)

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	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Luxembourg
		Luxembourg was founded in 963 CE by Count Siegfried, and the first record of Jews living in the city of Luxembourg, the capital of the country, was in 1276.
		Luxembourg was officially Judenrein, or cleansed of Jews, with the exception of a handful in hiding or married to non-Jews.
		Due to Luxembourg's small size, the Israeli embassy is located in Brussels and Luxembourg is represented politically by the Dutch embassy and economically by the Belgian embassy.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/Luxembourg.html (1313 words)

	Index of Economic Freedom 2006 - Luxembourg
		As a member of the European Union, Luxembourg was subject to a common EU weighted average external tariff of 1.3 percent in 2003, down from the 2.4 percent for 2002 reported in the 2005 Index, based on World Bank data.
		Banking is one of Luxembourg's largest industries, and the banking system is highly competitive and subject to little government regulation, although banks are restricted in their ability to engage in some financial services, such as real estate.
		The EIU reports, however, that "Luxembourg, Austria and Belgium have promised to impose a 15% withholding tax on accounts held by non-residents from July 2005; this rate is due to rise to 20% in 2008 and finally to 35% in 2011.
	www.heritage.org /research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Luxembourg (955 words)

	luxhistory
		Luxembourg remained an independent earldom of the Holy Roman Empire until 1354, when the emperor Charles IV elevated it to the status of duchy.
		Luxembourg was annexed by Louis XIV of France in 1684, an action that caused alarm among France's neighbours and resulted in the formation of the League of Augsburg in 1686.
		Luxembourg remained a possession of the kings of the Netherlands until the death of William III in 1890, when the grand duchy passed to the House of Nassau-Weilburg due to Salic Law.
	www.bissenfamily.net /luxhistory.htm (941 words)

	Luxembourg (09/06)
		Although Luxembourg considers 1835 (Treaty of London) to be its year of independence, it was not granted political autonomy until 1839 under King William I of the Netherlands, who also was the Grand Duke of Luxembourg.
		While Luxembourg is aptly described as the "Green Heart of Europe" in tourist literature, its pastoral land coexists with a highly industrialized and export-intensive economy.
		Luxembourg is a member of the Benelux Economic Union and was one of the founding members of the European Economic Community (now the European Union).
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3182.htm (2986 words)

	Luxembourg : In Depth : History \| Frommers.com
		By the mid-1400s Luxembourg itself was a province ruled by the dukes of Burgundy.
		Luxembourg, then, became a problem for the rest of Europe: Its position was too strategic and its fortifications too strong to allow it to be self-governing -- or even to be controlled by any one nation.
		The answer seemed to be to divide Luxembourg among several nations; therefore, the Congress of Vienna handed over most of the country to Holland's William of Orange-Nassau, and the remainder to Prussia.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/luxembourg/0107020044.html (1112 words)

	Royalty.nu - Grand Dukes and Duchesses of Luxembourg, the House of Nassau
		Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy; the grand duke is the head of state, but he swears to observe the country's laws and has little political power.
		In the early Middle Ages, Luxembourg belonged to the Frankish kingdoms of Austrasia and Lotharingia, and became part of the Holy Roman Empire.
		France conquered the Austrian Netherlands in 1795, and for the next 20 years Luxembourg was France's "Department of Forests." In 1815, after the overthrow of Napoleon I, the Congress of Vienna granted Luxembourg independence as a grand duchy and gave it to King William I of the Netherlands.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/Luxembourg.html (1223 words)

	Reflections of Luxembourg in the U.S.
		Luxembourg is at the crossroads of invading armies.
		Because political and economic control of Luxembourg had changed hands so many times and because the grand duchy did not actually exist as an independent state until the mid-nineteenth century, it is difficult to establish accurate figures regarding the number of Luxembourgers who left their country for other lands.
		The Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg: The Evolution of Nationohod 963 A.D. to 1983.
	www.intech.mnsu.edu /bunkers/reflections_of_luxembourg_in_the_u_s_.htm (8395 words)

	Luxembourg
		In 1839 an agreement was reached, in which the western part of Luxembourg remained Belgian as the Province of Luxembourg.
		The flags of the Netherlands and of Luxembourg (as they are known internationally) are similar, but not the same, and it's just a coincidence, nothing to do with having any common origin.
		The colours of Luxembourg are derived from the coat of arms.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/lu.html (1418 words)

	The Left Handshake: Chapter IV: Scouting in Occupied Countries: Luxembourg
		The reaction of the Scouts was that of the rest of the population, fierce and immediate.
		Resistance began in earnest in October, 1940, when the slogan "Vive Charlotte" was everywhere chalked up to commemorate the birthday of their beloved Grand-Duchess of Luxembourg, and by the spring Of 1941 a number of Resistance movements had begun and were well established.
		Small Luxembourg may be in size, but her inhabitants are great of heart, and of these none are greater than the Scouts.
	www.pinetreeweb.com /left4-3.htm (1473 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Chronicle of the House of Luxembourg
		Luxembourg was the first country I played, and Ive still got a softspot for the old County.
		The County of Luxembourg was a wealthy and populous land, and as such was esteemed highly by Luxembourg's peers and betters.
		The people of Luxembourg mourned greatly the passing of their Lord, for they knew that the fact that Luxembourg knew a generation of peace dispite the wars and crusades that swirlled around them.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=143347 (9072 words)

	Luxembourg City Travel Guide \| Fodor's Online
		Yet it is actually the nerve center of a thousand-year-old seat of government, a bustling and important element of the European Union (EU), a spot where the past still speaks, the present interprets, and the future listens.
		The Castle of Luxembourg was ultimately dismantled in the name of peace, its neutrality "guaranteed" by the 1867 Treaty of London.
		This may occasionally seem stifling to younger Luxembourgers, but to the majority of their elders these attitudes express the age-old national motto, Mir wëlle bleiwe wat mir sin ("We want to remain what we are").
	www.fodors.com /miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=luxembourg_city@93 (314 words)

	Business Outreach - Luxembourg
		The City Manager’s office is a municipal service under the jurisdiction of the Bourgmestre of the City of Luxembourg and is currently working on plans to optimize the commercial offering in the city center to reflect the image of Luxembourg as “a European capital with human dimensions and the smallest cosmopolitan metropolis in the world.
		RTL, or Radio Television Luxembourg, a household name in Luxembourg and across Western Europe with a rich heritage of pioneering both radio (started in 1924) and television (started in 1955) broadcasting, is now majority-owned by Bertelsmann, the German media conglomerate.
		Luxembourg Findel Airport is the fifth busiest cargo airport in Europe, behind Paris CDG, Amsterdam, Frankfurt and London.
	luxembourg.usembassy.gov /business_outreach.html (644 words)

	Cultural Center Plans
		Biltgen’s visit was to meet with members of the newly formed Luxembourg America Cultural Society, Inc. in order to sign a contract pledging the Grand Duchy’s support of the Luxembourg American Cultural Center to be built in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin.
		The LACS is a membership society that will perpetuate the preservation of Luxembourg culture and heritage in America along with fostering ongoing relationships between people from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the United States.
		Both the society and the cultural center are to reflect Luxembourg culture and ancestry from settlements of Luxembourgers throughout the United States.
	www.intech.mnsu.edu /bunkers/cultural_center_plans.htm (785 words)

	Luxembourg
		The only large city, Luxembourg, has under 80,000 residents and is located in the middle of the country.
		We had roared into Luxembourg on the German autobahn and were suddenly confronted with road signs in French, an out-of-date Luxembourg road map, and the surprisingly small distances.
		The one thing we didn't do that was planned for the Luxembourg area was visit Wallenborn in the adjacent Trier/Eifel area of Germany.
	home.triad.rr.com /steichen/trip/luxembourg.htm (953 words)

	Luxembourg - Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights
		He left Luxembourg in April 1987 to take up residence in the United Kingdom, and subsequently moved to Denmark.
		In May 1987, shortly after his departure from Luxembourg, he had informed the official receiver that he would assist if necessary, but it does not appear that any attempts were made to obtain assistance from him.
		As regards the conduct of the authorities, the Court found that the government had not provided any convincing explanation for the period of three years between the conclusion of the German court proceedings in May 1990 and the completion of the liquidation proceedings in May 1993.
	www.hri.ca /fortherecord2000/euro2000/vol2/luxembourgechr.htm (753 words)

	Klaus Biehl v Administration des contributions du grand-duche de Luxembourg. [1990] EUECJ R-175/88 (8 May 1990)
		1 By judgment of 21 June 1988, which was received at the Court on 29 June 1988, the Conseil d' État du Luxembourg referred to the Court for a preliminary ruling under Article 177 of the EEC Treaty a question on the interpretation of Articles 7 and 48 of the Treaty.
		That is so in particular where no income arises during the year of assessment to the temporarily resident taxpayer in the country he has left or in which he has taken up residence.
		Since these proceedings are, in so far as the parties to the main proceedings are concerned, in the nature of a step in the action pending before the national court, the decision on costs is a matter for that court.
	www.worldlii.org /eu/cases/EUECJ/1990/R17588.html (1403 words)

	Miami University: Luxembourg
		When the end of the semester came, she gave Megan and me a Luxembourg book--this gesture was so nice because it's something that we can keep forever to remember the beauty of Luxembourg and all it has to offer.
		One of the first evenings that we were in Luxembourg, she invited us to go to the opening of a private art gallery in which her friend was the premiere artist.
		Luxembourg City is the nation’s capital with a population of 90,000 people, and on a small scale, a cosmopolitan city.
	www.units.muohio.edu /luxembourg/prospective_Students/housing.php (3043 words)

	Luxembourg: Grand Duke's standard
		The difference with the former arms is the inversion of the arms of Luxembourg proper (now in the first and fourth quarters) and of the arms of Nassau (now in the second and third quarters).
		My impression is that the cloth covering the coffin resembles the Luxembourg ensign except that the upper and lower bands, white and light blue respectively, were quite thick.
		I suspect that this is not intended to be the civil ensign as such but rather a pall of the arms of the Grand Duchy.
	www.fotw.net /flags/lu_duke.html (641 words)

	The Left (Luxembourg) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Left (Luxembourgish: Déi Lénk, French: La Gauche, German: Die Linke) is a socialist political organisation in Luxembourg.
		It is associated with the European United Left - Nordic Green Left in the European Parliament.
		The party participates both in the European Anticapitalist Left and the Party of the European Left.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_Left_(Luxembourg) (286 words)

	Luxembourg: Military and Police colours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The obverse consists of ten horizontal stripes, white and blue, with the red lion rampant from the Luxembourg coat of arms.
		The obverse [same as the Army color] consists of ten horizontal stripes, white and blue, with the red lion rampant from the Luxembourg coat of arms.
		On 1 January 2000, the Luxembourg Gendarmerie was merged with the police; the single force is now called the Police Grand-Ducale.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/lu^mil.html (426 words)

	European Left Conference - International Socialist Online
		The following press statement was released at the end of the recent European conference of the anti-capitalist left held in Paris under the auspices of the LCR on the 4th-5th December 2000.
		The ODP (Turkey) and the Espacio Alternativo current of the United Left (Spain) which were at Lisbon were unable to attend the meeting in Paris but continue to be associated with the ongoing process.
		The Left is a regroupment of the ex-CP, the USFI group and Greens which has one MP and local councillors.
	www.redflag.org.uk /ism/euroconf.html (1226 words)

	Paris’ Luxembourg Garden
		The Jardin de Luxembourg is not far from my home, and my various excursions into the upper Sixth Arrondissement often take me past its gates.
		Farther along, past the monument to Delacroix, lies the Orangerie, an elegant greenhouse that was once used by the Musée de Luxembourg as an exhibition space.
		After this new look at the Luxembourg, I left it briefly to buy a delicious savory tart and a bottle of water at a nearby eatery.
	www.theculturedtraveler.com /Archives/DEC2004/Jardin_Luxembourg.htm (1275 words)

	Luxembourg Palace, Paris
		he Luxembourg Palace in Paris, the first great example of French classical architecture during the 17th century, was the culmination of the long tradition of the chateau as a building type.
		It was commissioned in 1615 by Marie de Médicis, regent of France, for a site on the Left Bank then occupied by the Hôtel du Luxembourg, from which the name was derived.
		earby the Luxembourg Garden, the lively student area known as the Latin Quarter -- with the Sorbonne University and the Odéon Theater -- was the scene of the spectacular 1968 student riots which disrupted traditional French society.
	www.discoverfrance.net /France/Paris/Monuments-Paris/Luxembourg.shtml (436 words)

	RTE News - At least 12 dead in French rail crash
		A passenger train had just left Luxembourg when it collided with a freight train at Zoufftgen in the Moselle region.
		The two trains were a double-decker Luxembourg regional express travelling south to Nancy, and a freight train heading north into Luxembourg.
		More than 100 rescue workers from France and Luxembourg are trying to extract the injured from the wreckage, and a helicopter has been shuttling victims to hospital.
	www.rte.ie /news/2006/1011/france.html?rss (219 words)

	Luxembourg
		Please click one of the tabs on the left to view that section.
		Over the centuries of conquest the fort was made larger and became known as the "Gibraltar of the North." In 1815 Luxembourg was declared an independent state under the Netherland's control.
		In 1867 Luxembourg gains full independence and writes its constitution in 1868.
	members.cox.net /thelinktotrenton/school/projects/luxembourg (185 words)

	Paris Holiday Rental - Apartment
		Le Luxembourg Suite is designed and managed as a luxury hotel suite with everything needed to enjoy your visit to Paris.
		The building and neighborhood are safe at all hours, and there are endless, bustling cafes, bistros within a few blocks (3 on NYT critic Patricia Well's list of favorites), as well as two grocery stores, a wonderful baker, butcher, Italian ice cream, museums, movie theaters, jazz...
		Le Jardin Du Luxembourg is one of the nicest parks in France with an large enclosed playground, tennis, pony riding, pedal go carts, puppet theatre, cafes, museums, lawn chairs and many famous statues..
	www.vrbo.com /109683 (537 words)

	Luxembourg Antique Maps
		The map is based on the oldest known survey of Luxembourg conducted by Jacques de Surhon (Iacobo Surhonio) for Emperor Charles V in 1551.
		It is a simplified city plan of Luxembourg, one of a series drawn and engraved by Moll to illustrate the main fortified towns of Europe.
		The fortified city of Montmédy, perched atop a large rocky outcrop, was part of the Duchy of Luxembourg until it was ceded to France by Spain (Spain had dominion over Luxembourg at the time) in accordance with the Treaty of the Pyrénées of 1659.
	www.luxcentral.com /LuxMaps.html (1602 words)

	In the Luxembourg Gardens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Palais du Luxembourg which was built in 1620 for Marie de Médicis, widow of Henri IV, on the site of former mansion of Duke of Luxembourg.
		They are part formal garden with terraces and gravel paths, part "English garden" of lawns, and part amusement centre for gardenless Parisians.
		Latin Quarter were Sargent lived when he was studying in Paris and so he probably spent a great deal of time here.
	www.jssgallery.org /Paintings/In_the_Luxembourg_Gardens.htm (299 words)

	NATO Media Library: North Atlantic Council visits Kosovo -22 April 2004
		Left: Luxembourg Ambassador to NATO, Joseph Weyland meets with Belgian ISAF troops.
		Left to right: Hamid Karzai (President, Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan) shaking hands with NATO Deputy Secretary General, Ambassador Minuto Rizzo.
		Left to right: Hamid Karzai (President, Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan) with Abdullah Abdullah (Minister of Foreign Affairs, Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan).
	www.nato.int /multi/photos/2004/m040426b.htm (262 words)

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