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Topic: The Megalithic European

	Megalith - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Western Europe and the Mediterranean, megaliths are generally constructions erected during the Neolithic or late stone age and Chalcolithic or Copper Age (4500 - 1500 B.C.E).
		Many megaliths were thought to have a purpose in determining important astronomical events such as the solstice and equinox dates (see archaeoastronomy).
		Dolmens, Menhirs and Megaliths in the Languedoc in the South of France
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Megalith (653 words)

	Megalithic tomb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Megalithic burials are also found in areas of Northeast Asia such as Liaoning and Shandong Provinces in China, North Korea, South Korea, and Kyushu (Japan).
		Megalithic tombs appear to have been used by communities for the long-term deposition of the remains of their dead and some seem to have undergone alteration and enlargement.
		Capstone-style megaliths are the most monumental type in the Korean Peninsula, and they are primarily distibuted near or on the south coast of Korea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Megalithic_tomb (965 words)

	Megalithic Sites - Crystalinks
		A megalithic monument, in archaeology, is a construction involving one or several roughly hewn stone slabs of great size; it is usually of prehistoric antiquity.
		The Western European megaliths were constructed during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age and are believed to range in date from c.4000 B.C. to 1100 B.C. Most chamber tombs were probably built during the 4th millennium B.C., and the stone circles generally date somewhat later.
		Megalithic monuments may be divided into four categories: the chamber tomb, or dolmen; the single standing stone, or menhir; the stone row; and the stone circle.
	www.crystalinks.com /megalith.html (270 words)

	The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map: Julian Cope - Megalithic European Tour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		TME is inextricably very much about a British person abroad, and Julian wants British visitors to be aware of their cultural points of reference when visiting sites abroad.
		Many of his visits in researching TME were to locations where the locals were unaware of what was in their neighbourhood, or what it might signify.
		Other megalithic examples that promptly sprang to mind are Bryn Celli Ddu and Trefignath Burial Chamber, both on Anglesey, or more recently visited for me, the Cefn Caer Euni cairns in north east Gwynedd.
	www.megalithic.co.uk /article.php?sid=2146411905&mode=thread&order=1 (1290 words)

	Sacred Sites: Pilgrimage in Medieval Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Some students of (what I shall call) the megalithic earth energy tradition may suggest that the architectural structures of these early churches were not as effective at concentrating and expressing the earth energies as were the stone rings, dolmens and other megalithic structures which they replaced.
		Similar to megalithic culture 4000 years earlier, it began to decline as its spiritual foundations were weakened by the emergence of new ideas.
		The latter part of the 15th century had already seen a waning of interest in pilgrimages due to the growth of scientific awareness and the questioning of Christian dogma, yet the final blow to the medieval pilgrimage era was dealt by Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation of the early 16th century.
	www.sacredsites.com /europe/medieval_europe_pilgrimage.html (2653 words)

	5. ALTERNATIVE MEGALITHIC TOMB ORIGIN THEORIES (A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF MEGALITHIC TOMBS)© Baldia 1993-2006
		A logical extension of his ideas would mean that the gallery-graves and perhaps even the megalithic tombs of the TRB have their roots in the subterranean tombs of the Rössen culture.
		Thus the architecture is almost evenly split between megalithic and sub-megalithic structures in spite of the supposed lack of large boulders.
		Thus the decline in the use and size of megaliths in the TRB's east and south is most likely due to a number of factors that may include a culturally determined regional trend.
	www.comp-archaeology.org /05TombOrigin.htm (5028 words)

	Morien Institute Ancient Mysteries Bookshoppe - books about astro-archæology/archaeoastronomy & megalithic science - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Megalithic European takes us on a breathtaking journey around prehistoric Europe's first temples.
		Further studies of megalithic sites by Alexander Thom proved that many of them were also related to the seasonal positions of the heavenly bodies.
		Independently of his 'mainstream' academic career, he developed a deep and active interest in the prehistoric megalithic sites of Britain and Brittany, visiting and surveying many hundreds of them over a period of forty years.
	www.morien-institute.com /megalithicbooks.html (1563 words)

	MEGALITHIC TECHNOLOGY
		The practitioners themselves, though, stress the importance of the mantic chanting, and it may well be that this allows them to focus their attention on the task in hand, and that the hypnotic trance state induced is thus as important a factor in the technology as the actual physical methods employed.
		That may be so, but Stonehenge is a very late example of European megalithic structure, and if any linkage of influence is at work in that connection, it is more likely that the Cretans learnt their construction techniques from the builders of the chambered cairns of Carnac.
		My own crazy megalith hypothesis says that there were people living in what is now the Sahara who were forced to migrate northwards, and that they took with them some folk memory of a key feature of the landscape they left behind - namely the termite mounds.
	freespace.virgin.net /ecliptica.ww/book/megalith.htm (4515 words)

	Welcome To BookEnds, The Book Pl@ce Magazine
		The Megalithic European now applies the same formula to monuments across the continent.
		Julian Cope, one of Britain's best known and much loved post-punk visionaries, takes the traveller to the first temples built on these islands in order to shine a light into the shadowy past of a modern people who have been hoodwinked into believing that their history began with the Roman conquest.
		In the essay section he examines our prehistoric beginnings through the evidence of our megalithic remains and their surroundings, helping us to reconcile where we are Right Now.
	www.thebookplace.com /bookends/be_interviews_cope.asp?TAG=&CID= (1052 words)

	Northvegr - A History of the Vikings
		It is better, therefore, since these two great civilizations of Northern and Western Europe are in other respects dissimilar, to explain their megalithic tombs as being due rather to a common stimulus from the Mediterranean world than to invention and enterprise in the north.
		The Single Graves were almost as unpretentious as the megaliths were grand, for they were nothing but tiny mounds covering a body laid on its side or back in a clumsy oval or rectangular enclosure of big pebbles.
		In Jutland these graves are found in the central and south-western part of the peninsula, whereas the megaliths are clustered in the northern part and along the eastern coast.
	www.northvegr.org /lore/history_viking/013.php (1149 words)

	Ashmolean
		Its collections cover the entire range of European and Near Eastern archaeology (including numismatics), and have been accumulated over 300 years during which the Museum has played a pioneer role in the growth of the subject.
		Amongst the most important documentation, which is of international significance, are the carefully-measured plans and drawings of European megalithic monuments made by Sir Henry Dryden in collaboration with the Reverend W.C. Lukis during the later nineteenth century.
		The goal of this project is to publish the important early documents concerning the Neolithic funerary and ceremonial monuments of the Département of the Morbihan, compiled by British visitors during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
	www.area-archives.org /ashmolean.htm (557 words)

	CSU, CHICO: 2005-2007 University Catalog
		This cross-cultural study of women emphasizes changing constructions of gender and gender relations from the Paleolithic period to the rise of the state.
		Case studies on the impact of European contact, post-Conquest changes in indigenous cultures and traditions, culminating in a cultural synthesis which persists.
		This course examines the method and theory of American historical archaeology as it specifically relates to the broader study of American material culture and sociocultural experiences in North America from the period of European exploration to the recent past through archaeological and documentary evidence.
	www.csuchico.edu /catalog/anth/course.html (3039 words)

	Legends and Romances of Brittany: Chapter II: Menhirs and Dolmens
		A generation ago it was usual to refer all European megalithic monuments to a 'Celtic' origin, but European ethnological problems have become too complicated of late years to permit such a theory to pass unchallenged, especially now that the term 'Celt' is itself matter for fierce controversy.
		For the most part, then, the megaliths, in the opinion of the Breton peasant, are not the handiwork of man. He would rather refer their origin to spirits, giants, or, fiends.
		But the actual purpose of the megaliths has not been neglected by tradition, for a venerable farmer at Rouvray stated that the fairies were wont to honour after their death those who had made good use of their lives and built the dolmens to contain their ashes.
	www.sacred-texts.com /neu/celt/lrb/lrb05.htm (3925 words)

	TIME Europe Magazine: Nov. 01, 2004 -- Rocks of Ages - 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The most famous connection between pop music and ancient megaliths is Stonehenge, the heavy — metal ode to the Druids by the spoof band Spinal Tap.
		The Megalithic European (Element; 496 pages) is his second book of big stones, a companion to The Modern Antiquarian, in which he chronicled the remnants of neolithic Britain.
		Like its predecessor, The Megalithic European is an immensely practical — as long as it's not in your rucksack — gazetteer of more than 300 sites stretching from northern Denmark to Malta, from Crete to Portugal.
	www.time.com /time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901041101-733769,00.html (823 words)

	Archaeoastronomy and the Search for Ancient Observatories
		The megalithic monuments of Europe have always been a point of strange fascination in the realm of human understanding, and questions have surfaced as to who could have built such monuments and why have been a point of intrigue and mystery for many.
		Working with both a solar calendar and a ritual calendar, the ancient Maya imparted much meaning in the helical rising of Venus, which is made evident in the structure of several ceremonial centers throughout the area.
		Unlike the Megalithic and Egyptian complexes, scientific observation can be better deciphered here, because of the elaborate records left behind, and because of the fact that so many of the deductions the Maya made so closely resemble recent calculations of the same recorded cycles.
	www.larryjzimmerman.com /lost/projects97/Archae.html (2513 words)

	Neolithic - Neolithic Art
		Whether the elaborate pottery decoration of, for example, the eliesovce and painted Lengyel style are to be classified as art is a matter of definition.
		Megalithic monuments are found in the Neolithic from Spain to the British Isles and Poland.
		Many of these monuments were megalithic tombs, and archaeologists speculate that most have religious significance.
	www.huntfor.com /arthistory/prehistoric/neolithic.htm (584 words)

	The Official Graham Hancock Website: Links
		The stuff on the huge megalithic complex at Knowth is especially fascinating - the site was designed to capture the sunlight in a special way only at the equinoxes.
		A site that proudly boasts to contain information on every megalithic stone to be found in the British isles.
		This site belongs to the OTS Foundation of Malta, and contains fascinating information about the megalithic temples of Malta and Gozo, which are thought by orthodox archaeologists to be up to 6,000 years old, and is one of the places Graham Hancock is researching in depth his book, Underworld.
	www.grahamhancock.com /links/index.php?node=4 (704 words)

	Archaeoastronomy
		Menhir: Standing stones which were used as positional markers, usually associated with European megalithic sites.
		Megalithic astronomy: Deals with structures built from large stones which have an astronomical relationship.
		A megalithic calendar used to monitor the positional movements of the sun and moon for agricultural purposes and possibly for use as a computational device for the prediction of lunar eclipses.
	www.astronomy.org /astronomy-survival/archae.html (2073 words)

	The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map: Julian Cope's Megalithic European has arrived. Competition and initial thoughts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Starting from NOW (14th Oct) until the launch of the book, the prize of one copy of the Megalithic European will be awarded to the person who contributes the most new site listings or photos to the Megalithic Portal web site.
		Re: The Megalithic European by Andy B on Wednesday, 13 October 2004
		Re: The Megalithic European by Anonymous on Thursday, 14 October 2004
	www.megalithic.co.uk /article.php?sid=2146411879 (1537 words)

	Megalithic European - by Julian Cope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Megalithic European: The 21st Century Traveller in Prehistoric Europe
		Section 1: a series of essays, looking at the universal desire of all settlers: to celebrate and mythologize the landscape in which they have chosen to live, highlighting comparisons with British settlements.
		Section 2: a gazeteer of the many ancient sites in Europe that Julian Cope has personally visited, from Ireland to the Netherlands, from Crete to Denmark, discussing many areas outside the European arena, from Mount Ararat in Armenia to Mount Fuji in Japan, via the celebrated Mount Olympus.
	www.kindredspirit.co.uk /books/books-pages/Megalithic-European.html (191 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Megalithic European: The 21st Century Traveller in Prehistoric Europe: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Megaliths: The Ancient Stone Monuments of England and Wales; Hardcover ~ Lai Ngan Corio, David Corio (Photographer)
		Great colour pictures of the interior and exterior of many sites are included and it is layed ouy in a very easy to follow way.
		So if you are interested in seeing what Europe has to offer the megalithic traveller then I cannot think of a more suitable guidebook, or starting point.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0007138024 (903 words)

	Countrybookshop.co.uk - Megalithic European
		Julian Cope's follow-up to 'The Modern Antiquarian', his guide to ancient Britain, 'The Megalithic European' takes us on a breathtaking journey around prehistoric Europe's first temples.
		Julian Cope shot to fame with the band Teardrop Explodes during the Punk era.
		Contents * The Megalithic European is a monumental colour guide to the standing stones and ancient temples of prehistoric Europe.
	www.countrybookshop.co.uk /books/index.phtml?whatfor=0007138024 (299 words)

	Eller Review: the Furor Over Gimbutas
		Her ability to read sixteen European languages enabled her to study virtually all the archaeological literature on both sides of the Cold War split, a crucial skill since most key publications in her study area were written in eastern European languages.
		Eller acknowledges the "tremendous linguistic expertise" Gimbutas possessed, and her "encyclopedic knowledge of Central and Eastern European archaeological sites that permitted her to speculate effectively on 'big picture' questions." [Eller, 38] However, Eller completely sidesteps the Lithuanian scholar’s heavily footnoted analysis of why she thinks the kurgan-builders were invaders, and why patriarchal.
		The first two held back from interpreting symbolism in megalithic European sites for several decades, while the anthropological reaction against “matriarchy” was still fresh.
	www.suppressedhistories.net /articles/eller2.html (1910 words)

	Amazon.com: Megalithic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Origin Map: Discovery of a Prehistoric, Megalithic, Astrophysical Map and Sculpture of the Universe by Thomas G. Brophy (Paperback - Sep 30, 2002)
		The Megalithic European: The 21st Century Traveller in Prehistoric Europe by Julian Cope (Hardcover - Oct 15, 2004)
		Megalithic Measures and Rhythms: Sacred Knowledge of the Ancient Britons by Anne Macaulay, Richard A. Batchelor, and Vivian T. Linacre (Hardcover - Jul 30, 2006)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&search-alias=aps&keywords=Megalithic&page=1 (452 words)

	Telegraph \| Entertainment \| He's really into the stones, man (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In 1998, he published The Modern Antiquarian, his guide to more than 300 megalithic sites around the UK, which he prefaced with his thoughts about the exclusion of pre-Bronze Age culture from British history.
		After another four-year investigation, this time conducted not by car with wife and two daughters in tow, but on businesslike solo adventures by air, he has completed The Megalithic European.
		Thus it is that I find myself braving rugged Baltic conditions to undergo a test case for the Megalithic European experience, with Cope himself as my guide.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2004/10/14/bocope14.xml&sSheet=/arts/2004/10/14/ixartleft.html (628 words)

	EvilSponge: Concert: JULIAN COPE
		Strolling on with a copy of his Megalithic European book, a tome of mega proportions, former Teardrop Explodes frontman Julian Cope did the best hard sell I've seen in a while.
		Concluding with "I'll put this book where it belongs - on a Marshall stack', it was easy to forget that this, his European equivalent to The Modern Antiquarian, was a book about stone circles rather than about Cope's life in the music industry.
		Hearing an audience old enough to know better singing "mee-ooowwww" was perhaps the ideal way to end this great night.
	www.evilsponge.org /CONCERT/CopeJulian__26Sept04.htm (467 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: The Modern Antiquarian: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Megalithic European: The 21st Century Traveller in Prehistoric Europe; Hardcover ~ Julian Cope
		For eight years he has researched Britain's megalithic heritage in order to write about its inspirational and mythic importance.
		this is an authoritative, eloquent and passionate appraisal of the British megalithic landscape, and the second section is especially praise worthy.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0722535996 (1351 words)

	Spain Before Christ
		Spain has many ruins of megalithic monuments created during the Neolithic period and continuing into the Chalcolithic or Copper Age.
		The monuments share many similarities with other Megalithic structures throughout Europe, including those in Brittany and Malta.
		The Neolithic will bring changes to the human landscape of Iberia (from the 5th millennium BC onwards), with the development of Agriculture and the beginning of the Megalithic European culture, spreading to most of Europe and having one of its oldest and main centres in the territory of modern Portugal.
	www.carnaval.com /spain/prehistory (3016 words)

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