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	Carnation Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The military sector that started the revolution was generally unhappy with the professional and personal situation, resulting from the apparent deadlock of the situation in the field and questions about a professional career.
		The revolution was closely watched from neighbouring Spain, where democrats and totalitarians were planning for the succession of Francisco Franco, who died a year later, in 1975.
		The carnation is the symbol of this revolution, since soldiers put these flowers in their guns, in what came to symbolise the absence of violence in changing the regime in Portugal — a regime that had been one of the longest single right-wing party regimes of the 20th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carnation_Revolution (1536 words)

	The Military Revolution: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		A castle (from the latin castellum, diminutive of castra, a military camp, in turn the plural of castrum or watchpost), is a fort, a camp and...
		A siege is a prolonged military blockade and assault of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition....
		Military history is the recording (in writing or otherwise) of the events in the history of humanity that fall within the category of "conflict." this may range from...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/th/the_military_revolution.htm (2923 words)

	Revolution in Military Affairs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The military concept of Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) is a theory about the future of warfare, often connected to technological and organizational recommendations for change in the U.S. military and others.
		While the original theorizing about RMA was largely done within the American military and American think tanks like the Rand Corporation, other nations are exploring similar shifts in organization and technology.
		Finally, the third concept is that a "true" revolution in military affairs has not yet occurred or is unlikely to.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Revolution_in_Military_Affairs (937 words)

	THE MILITARY REVOLUTION DEBATE
		After the revolution had run its course, the reverse was true on all points: field warfare was dominated by foot soldiers, commoners who served for pay and fought to kill; battles were bloody; missile weapons played an important role in battle and were at times decisive.
		Military analysis suggests that the Portuguese success in the pivotal early encounters sprung from a number of factors, none of which took effect or can be properly understood in isolation.
		The first serious clashes between the beneficiaries of the Military Revolution and their Turkish foes in the Mediterranean were preceded by nearly a century of Spanish and Portuguese expansion along the North African Muslim coast and by a parallel process of Ottoman expansion in the Aegean.
	www.angelfire.com /ga4/guilmartin.com/Revolution.html (13654 words)

	Battfield of the Future (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Military theorists around the world have long noted the historical discontinuities in the conduct of warfare caused by the advent of new technologies and weapon systems.
		At the military operational level, information warfare may contribute to major changes in the conduct of warfare; therefore, one of the key issues is the vulnerability of command, control, communications, and intelligence systems, and the question is how to attack the enemy's system while protecting yours.
		Military operations in all four warfare areas will be integrated into an overall operational plan that will be decisive in terms of the course--if not the outcome--of the war.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/battle/chp3.html (10432 words)

	The Military Revolution (Geoffrey Parker) - review
		At sea, the military revolution produced capital ships firing broadsides; chapter three traces their development and the struggle for naval supremacy in the Indian Ocean and Far East.
		The final chapter (of the original 1988 edition) argues that the end of the military revolution is most sensibly drawn with the French Revolution and the advent of the levée en masse.
		In this regard he reminds me not a little of Braudel: indeed The Military Revolution is complementary in many ways to Civilization and Capitalism, which described the early modern social and economic changes that set Western Europe apart from the rest of the world, but which largely ignored matters military.
	dannyreviews.com /h/Military_Revolution.html (332 words)

	THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS AND AMERICAN WORLD-HEGEMONY
		The term "military revolution" was coined by historian Michael Roberts in 1955 to convey the importance of the changes in military organization and strategy conceived and implemented by Maurice of Nassau and Gustavus Adolphus between 1560 and 1660.
		The military revolutions of the past have had a profound impact on the evolution of domestic society, the balance of power, the conduct of war, and the prospects for peace.
		The revolutions initiated by Napoleon and the German High Command of the 1930s, for example, shifted the balance of warfare decisively to the offense and made possible France and Germany's grasp for continental dominion (by France in the early 1800s and by Germany in the 1930s and '40s).
	www.antipasministries.com /html/file0000186.htm (6770 words)

	The Military Revolution - 3
		Two major developments in seventeenth century Europe were the growth of absolute monarchy and the military revolution.
		Prussia's rulers also made some concessions to their nobility, and some popular liberties were preserved in the western provinces, but the state's military and bureaucratic apparatus was effectively autonomous.
		The development of absolutist government was also affected by economic and social structure, political ideas and religious institutions of each state, but the military revolution cannot be denied a key role.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-163.htm (758 words)

	CRS 95-1170F Revolution in Military Affairs?
		The third conception is that a true revolution in military affairs is unlikely, but rather there will be continuing evolution in equipment, organizations, and tactics to adjust to changes in technology and the international environment.
		The Napoleonic Revolution took place when the French were able to standardize and improve their artillery, greatly increase the size of their armies and greatly improve the organization and command of their military formations.
		A variant of this perspective focuses upon the military advantages that accrue to the United States as a result of the adaptability and flexibility of workers who have participated in the American economy.
	www.fas.org /man/crs/95-1170.htm (12100 words)

	Issues in S and T, Summer 2003, The Unfinished Revolution in Military Affairs
		After all, the goal in exploiting a military revolution is not to become more effective at the kinds of warfare that are passing into history but to dominate the military competitions that will define the emerging conflict environment.
		The U.S. military's improvement in its ability to compress the engagement cycle--the time between when a target is identified and when it is attacked--and to strike deeply buried targets such as command bunkers are extremely important capabilities in the new age of precision warfare.
		In 1991, the military's air tasking order, which designated targets for attack, required several days to develop and, because of the military services' lack of interoperable communications systems, had to be flown to Navy carriers.
	www.issues.org /issues/19.4/krepinevich.html (1614 words)

	The Military Revolution - Cambridge University Press
		Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500—1800
		This is a new edition of Geoffrey Parker’s much-admired illustrated account of how the West, so small and so deficient in natural resources in 1500, had by 1800 come to control over one-third of the world.
		Parker argues that the rapid development of military practice in the West constituted a ‘military revolution’ which gave Westerners an insurmountable advantage over the peoples of other continents.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521479584 (309 words)

	Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA)
		The ramifications of the RMA need to be understood not only by military officers but also by strategy planners, both military and civil.
		The military has to contend with the 5th dimension of warfare, information, in addition to land, sea, air and space.
		After the advent of the modern Army built around a staff system (1800), steam turbines, submarines and the torpedo (1800-1850), the arrival of the railways, telegraph and the rifle (1860) tanks and aircraft carriers (1920), the last revolution was in 1945, the nuclear bomb.
	www.defencejournal.com /2000/sept/military.htm (2906 words)

	PARAMETERS, US Army War College Quarterly - Autumn 2000
		igitization of the battlefield is producing a revolution in military affairs, but not the one the architects of the military future have in mind.
		To understand this revolution and some of its early consequences for military organizations, it will first be necessary to take a brief detour into the basic concepts of system complexity.
		Military swarms are not built on 10,000 nearly identical units such as a bee society.
	carlisle-www.army.mil /usawc/Parameters/00autumn/adams.htm (5468 words)

	RMA: Gneral Background, Definitions & Concepts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Cooper, Jeffrey R. "Another View of the Revolution in Military Affairs," Carlisle Barracks: Strategic Studies Institute, Army War College, 1994.
		The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500-1800.
		The Revolution in Military Affairs: Defining an Army for the 21st Century, Fifth Conference on Strategy.
	jciss.llnl.gov /dac.html (680 words)

	Global Beat: The Revolution in Military Affairs and the UK
		The purpose of this paper is to analyse the current debate on the revolution in military affairs (RMA) and to consider some of the possible implications for UK defence policy.
		Historically, according to John Arquilla, the first application of the term 'military revolution' dates at least from Michael Roberts' 1955 lecture on the Swedish adoption of massed volley rifle in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries: a military revolution that raised Sweden's international status to a degree disproportionate to its demography and resources.
		History is littered with further instances of major shifts in military organisation and strategic rationale that resulted in substantial changes in regional or international status and therefore which could be regarded as 'military revolutions'.
	www.bu.edu /globalbeat/usdefense/Quille1298.html (3857 words)

	Big Brother’s Recipe for ‘Revolution in Military Affairs’
		The basic premise of the revolution in military affairs (RMA) is simple: throughout history, warfare usually developed in an evolutionary fashion, but occasionally ideas and inventions combined to propel dramatic and decisive change.
		Simply put, the military will be induced to take over this government in unsuspecting fashion, for purposes of trying to restore order to circumstances which evolved over the past 30 years under their very noses.
		Because the US military has demonstrated a remarkable inability to handle concentration camps on a long-term basis, particularly when disruptive elements are housed in the detainee population (ex: Guantanamo and Florida), executions of detainees will commence.
	www.ivanfraser.com /articles/conspiracies/bigbrother.html (3843 words)

	The Military Revolution Debate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Roberts's concept of a military revolution became "orthodoxy" in early modern military history and remained virtually unchallenged until Geoffrey Parker published his article "The `Military Revolution, 1560–1660'—A Myth?" which is reprinted in The Military Revolution Debate.
		In The Military Revolution Debate, Clifford Rogers does not attempt to include every relevant article from the last four decades or provide an exhaustive examination of the minutiae of the debate.
		As both a military historian and one who is involved in today's hot debate over the military in the Information Age and over so-called information warfare, I have found this small volume to be extremely useful in providing a framework to analyze the vision of war in the Information Age.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/bookrev/rogers.html (767 words)

	America’s military revolution, by Michael T. Klare
		the ability to project US military power to any point on the globe, at any time and under any circumstances; and perpetual supremacy, meaning the application of science, technology and money to ensure that US forces and weapons will always be superior to those of all other nations.
		US military policy, like that of any nation, has always been based on the premise that the employment of US forces abroad must serve fundamental American security interests.
		The goal of this system is to enable the US military to attack enemy countries at the time and place of its choosing while minimising the risk of counterattack.
	mondediplo.com /2001/07/04america2 (1899 words)

	Mr. Auger's Website
		MSN Encarta - French Revolution - Excerpt from an encyclopedic resource gives a history and analysis of the dramatic events surrounding the end of the monarchy in France.
		Revolution and After - Resource on this tempestuous period in French history features some pictures and a detailed chronological walkthrough of events.
		Rodney Hilton - French Revolution - Describes pre-revolutionary history, causes of the French Revolution, the role of the National Assembly and Napoleon's military regime.
	www.paulauger.com (2193 words)

	History 594: The Military Revolution in Early Modern Europe
		Indeed, the political revolutions in British America, France, Russia and elsewhere in the last two centuries have greatly affected politics and statecraft.
		The changes in military technology, corps or branches of service, recruitment, organization, tactics, and military theory transformed the armies of Europe in an unprecedented manner.
		The Military Revolution : Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500-1800.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/594syl2.html (2270 words)

	Military Transformation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Racing Toward the Future: The Revolution in Military Affairs by Steven Metz, pp 313-320.
		Military Transformation for Warfare in the 21st Century: Balancing Implications of Urban Operations and Emerging Joint Operational Concepts.
		Morgan, Patrick M. The Impact of the Revolution in Military Affairs.
	www.au.af.mil /au/aul/bibs/miltrans/trans.htm (2732 words)

	Information Warfare: Bibliography
		Whether we use the political, economic, military, or informational elements of national power, we serve our strategic ends best when we cooperate to shape robust information networks that promote dynamic competition and enhance mutual performance both in the public and private sectors.
		Kipp, Jacob W. The Russian Military and the Revolution in Military Affairs: A Case of the Oracle of Delphi or Cassandra?, Ft. Leavenworth, KS: Military Studies Office, paper originally presented at: MORS Conference Annapolis, Maryland 6-8 June 1995.
		This bibliography is a good source of pointers to documentation published within the military community (e.g., military academy theses) and perhaps not known outside that domain.
	www.enolagaia.com /IWBib.html (9778 words)

	Jensen's Web Sources for Wars & World Military History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		"War-Winning Weapons: The Measurement of Technological Determinism in Military History," by George Raudzens J Military History v 54 (Oct 1990) pp.
		"The Consequences of the Military Revolution in Muscovy: A Comparative Perspective," by Marshall Poe, in Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol.
		Nicolay and Hay on Tennessee and Kentucky, 1861 (1888)
	tigger.uic.edu /~rjensen/military.html (6116 words)

	Amazon.com: The Military Revolution and Political Change: Books: Brian Downing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		foreign resource mobilization, rough balance between crown, feudal military organization, monarchal authority, manorial reaction, medieval constitutionalism, gouvernants dans, monarchal power, domestic resource mobilization, large modern army, oligarchic nature, military modernization, military revolution, constitutional patterns, consensual framework, consensual government, western feudalism, seigneurial authority, provincial estates, modern infantry, medieval estates, feudal levies, foreign subsidies
		Such governments then developed into autocracies, whereas, in countries that either didn't need large standing armies or were able to support those armies by plunder rather than taxation, the medieval institutions survived and eventually developed into democracies.
		downing notes that a "military revolution" is the driving force behind the transformation of the demesne state towards our own modern day liberal democracy.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0691024758?v=glance (1045 words)

	Revolution in Military Affairs, RMA, information war, asymmetric warfare, online articles, resources
		A look at where the new money is going reveals an overwhelming preference for business as usual and for military solutions over homeland security or non-military international measures.
		With this, the types of threats that had shaped the US military since World War II began a precipitous decline -- and a different set of challenges rose to prominence.
		What preceded the 11 September attack was a decade-long failure to adapt the US military to new conditions.
	www.comw.org /rma (2621 words)

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