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Topic: The Open Society and Its Enemies

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	The Capitalist Threat by George Soros
		An open society is not merely the absence of government intervention and oppression.
		The innovation in an open society is that whereas most cultures and religions regard their own values as absolute, an open society, which is aware of many cultures and religions, must regard its own shared values as a matter of debate and choice.
		Only in a closed society does the concept of the open society provide a sufficient basis for political action; in an open society it is not enough to be a democrat; one must be a liberal democrat or a social democrat or a Christian democrat or some other kind of democrat.
	www.geocities.com /ecocorner/intelarea/gs2.html (6186 words)

	Open society - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In open societies, government is responsive and tolerant, and political mechanisms are transparent and flexible.
		Democracies are examples of the "open society", whereas totalitarian dictatorships and autocratic monarchies are examples of the "closed society".
		An open society also has to be pluralistic and multicultural, in order to benefit from the maximum number of viewpoints possible to the given problems.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Open_society (255 words)

	Forming an Open Society in Iran
		But in open societies, the religion that people proclaim because of family lineage, is increasingly losing its import, in contrast to closed societies, and people are basically not that religious, and their decisions about good and evil, are increasingly based on utilitarian ethical and legal considerations, than due to any religious dogma.
		Nonetheless, I think the work of free thinkers who have always kept their focus on the civil society in Iran and their untiring cultural, literary, and other works will be detrimental in whether the result of the next changes in Iran will be an Open Society or not.
		Open Society is not just an issue of politics.
	www.ghandchi.com /206-OpenSociety.htm (2957 words)

	Popper's return engagement: The open society in an era of globalization - Karl Popper - Critical Essay National ...
		THE NOTION of a contrast between open and closed societies, which was introduced by Henri Bergson and made popular by Karl Popper, is now familiar even to people who have read neither the former 's The Two Sources of Morality and Religion (1932) nor the latter's The Open Society and its Enemies (1945).
		A current example of the former would be a society that defines its openness in such general terms that it ends up granting even ill-intentioned foreign fanatics easy entry, freedom of movement, access to financial and vocational facilities, and undisturbed use of public goods for terrorist purposes.
		In sharp contrast was the open society, which began as a dream and was still an ideal, but one to which the democracies were making progress.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2751/is_2002_Spring/ai_85132085 (834 words)

	The Open Society and Its Enemies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Open Society and Its Enemies is an influential two-volume work by Karl Popper written during World War II.
		In The Open Society and Its Enemies, Popper developed a critique of historicism and a defense of the open society, liberal democracy.
		This is dependent on Popper's reading of the emerging humanitarian ideals of Athenian democracy as the birth pangs of his coveted "open society." On this view, Plato's historicist ideas are driven by a fear of the change that comes with such a liberal worldview.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_Open_Society_and_Its_Enemies (367 words)

	Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": The Open Society: Paradox and Challenge (Introduction) by Stanley B. Ryerson
		Openness in our relationship with someone rules out any pretense of either of us being anything other than we are; there is no sham or bluffing in it.
		An open society—were it to exist—would doubtless be marked by an openness of relationships among people, free of constraint or falseness, possessing too something of the spirit of openminded inquiry.
		The claim that ours is an "open society" was employed in that instance to justify the imposition by the U.S. fleet of a blockade of the island of Cuba.
	www.autodidactproject.org /other/popperopen1.html (537 words)

	The Open Society and its Enemies - Karl Popper
		The Open Society and its Enemies - Karl Popper
		Seen as a call for the 'open society' and for democratic institutions, it was considered particularly relevant in the Cold War-era.
		Popper embarks on his work with a very clear idea of what is desirable: it is time for the 'open society', the one which: "sets free the critical powers of man" and "in which individuals are confronted with personal decisions" (a big step forward (so Popper) from the tribal or 'closed society').
	www.complete-review.com /reviews/popperk/opensae.htm (1545 words)

	Uncharted territories of organizational research: The case of Karl Popper's Open Society and Its Enemies Organization ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		On the one hand, the term 'open society' is used merely as a catch phrase in political and social philosophy.
		On the other hand, the open society is regarded as a matter of continuing importance, and problems of closedness are always considered to be very relevant (Spinner 1978; Dahrendorf 1991; Jarvie and Pralong 1999a).
		In The Open Society and Its Enemies, Popper does not use technical philosophical terminology, but a style that is more readily accessible for those unfamiliar with philosophical terms, thereby meeting his own demands for clear expression and understandable phrases.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m4339/is_2_23/ai_88252988 (932 words)

	Choice and Chance in an Open Society
		The touchstone of such a society is that it operates for the benefit of its citizens, not for its elites or governors.
		It is interesting that Popper (1902-94), whose The Open Society and its Enemies defined the ideological basis for a society that respects its members, in one of his late works, a thin book entitled A World of Propensities (1990), drew a similar conclusion.
		The touchstone of the open society is protection of the rights of minorities, not the rule of the majority.
	www.dcn.davis.ca.us /~sander/mensa/chance1.html (2860 words)

	The Open Society and Its Enemies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Open Society and Its Enemies, Karl Popper
		this civilization has not fully recovered from the shock of its birth--the transition from the tribal or 'closed society', with its submission to magical forces, to the 'open society' which sets free the critical powers of man.
		517 Western civilization owes its rationalism, its faith in the rational unity of man and in the open society, and especially its scientific outlook, to the ancient Socratic and Christian belief in the brotherhood of all men, and in intellectual honesty and responsibility.
	home.att.net /~leefrank/booknots/book149.html (2762 words)

	Open Society Institute - SourceWatch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Open Society Institute in New York, a 501(c)(3) organization, and international offices of the Open Society Institute, such as the one in Budapest, "provide administrative, financial, and technical support to the Soros foundations and also operate OSI initiatives, which address specific issues on a regional or network-wide basis, and other independent programs.
		According to OSI, the term open society was first proposed by French philosopher Henri Bergson (1859-1941) in his book The Two Sources of Morality and Religion (1932), and developed further by the Austrian philosopher Karl Popper (1902-1994) in his 1945 book Open Society and Its Enemies.
		The concept of open society is, at its most fundamental level, based on the recognition that people act on imperfect knowledge and that no one is in possession of the ultimate truth.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Open_Society_Institute (1437 words)

	ROGER SANDALL - Spiked.
		Popper’s is a theory of society, not a theory of the state—and his book offers no clear account of the political entity in which an ‘open society’ can both flourish and be properly defended too.
		Rumor had it that its citizens were so easy-going that even a 20-year record of medical mayhem might not be noticed, and a conman could easily pull the wool over their eyes.
		Why, he said, the open and critical public discussion of Patel’s activities that was taking place would “divide the doctors and nurses; stop patients coming to the hospital; and erode community confidence” in the hospital’s affairs.
	www.culturecult.com /art_spiked.htm (10277 words)

	The Open Society
		Such a system was perfectly visualized in a typical spatial organization of Communist party conventions in the form of a pyramid with the leaders on top and the followers at the base.
		The principles of the open society are admirably put forth in the Declaration of Independence.
		The concept of "open society" was developed by philosopher Karl R. Popper, whose book Open Society and Its Enemies argued that totalitarian ideologies -- such as communism and fascism -- posed a threat to an open society because they claimed to have found the final solution.
	members.tripod.com /~doggo/doggopensoc.html (1248 words)

	Karl Popper's Main Works in English
		Popper contrasts historical prophecy and scientific prediction, arguing that the prediction of social events is severely limited by the impact on society of unforeseeable new knowledge.
		Popper regarded this book as his "war effort", and it should be commended for its presumption that rational argument is essential in the battle against the theories that lie behind irrationalism and dangerous social and political movements.
		The Open Society and its Enemies Vol I. The Open Society and its Enemies Vol II.
	www.eeng.dcu.ie /~tkpw/intro_reading/Introductory_Reading.html (4271 words)

	Amazon.de: Open Society and Its Enemies, Volume 1: The Spell of Plato: 1 (Spell of Plato): English Books: Karl Popper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The "Open Society and Its Enemies" was the result.
		The book was an immediate sensation, and - though it has long been criticized for its portrayals of Plato, Marx, and Hegel - it has remained a landmark on the left and right alike for its defense of freedom and the spirit of critical inquiry.
		The Open Society and its Enemies is a beautiful defence of human freedom written in majestic prose by one of the few indisputably great thinkers of the century.
	www.amazon.de /Open-Society-Its-Enemies-Spell/dp/0691019681 (1287 words)

	The Capitalist Threat - 97.02
		So I called the foundation the Open Society Fund, and I defined its objectives as opening up closed societies, making open societies more viable, and promoting a critical mode of thinking.
		T is easier to identify the enemies of the open society than to give the concept a positive meaning.
		It is much easier to argue for my own interest than to go through the whole rigmarole of abstract reasoning from fallibility to the concept of the open society.
	campus.fortunecity.com /pot/832/capital.htm (6202 words)

	Europe as a Prototype for a Global Open Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		George Soros is founder and chairman of the Open Society Institute.
		By contrast, the other source is universal and leads to an open society which is guided by universal human rights and seeks to protect and promote the freedom of the individual.
		He pointed out that open society can be endangered by abstract, universal ideologies like communism and fascism which claim to be in possession of the ultimate truth.
	www.soros.org /resources/articles_publications/articles/europe_20061120 (442 words)

	Eamonn Fitzgerald's Rainy Day: The Open Society and its Enemies: 1945 and 2006
		If we extend unlimited tolerance even to those who are intolerant, if we are not prepared to defend a tolerant society against the onslaught of the intolerant, then the tolerant will be destroyed, and tolerance with them.
		In this formulation, I do not imply, for instance, that we should always suppress the utterance of intolerant philosophies; as long as we can counter them by rational argument and keep them in check by public opinion, suppression would certainly be most unwise.
		We should claim that any movement preaching intolerance places itself outside the law, and we should consider incitement to intolerance and persecution as criminal, in the same way as we should consider incitement to murder, or to kidnapping, or to the revival of the slave trade, as criminal.
	www.eamonn.com /2006/10/the_open_society_and_its_enemi_1.htm (328 words)

	Carl Popper - The Open Society and its Enemies
		Carl Popper - The Open Society and its Enemies
		The Open Society and its Enemies by Carl Popper
		Popper's attack on historicism is based on his philosophical analysis of its methods - whether it can live up to its claims to predict the course of social developments - and on the association he finds between historicism and totalitarianism.
	www.tonyturton.com /books/opensoc.html (926 words)

	Popper, K.R.: Open Society and Its Enemies. Volume 2: The High Tide of Prophecy Aftermath.
		In the book, Popper condemned Plato, Marx, and Hegel as "holists" and "historicists"--a holist, according to Popper, believes that individuals are formed entirely by their social groups; historicists believe that social groups evolve according to internal principles that it is the intellectual's task to uncover.
		The book was an immediate sensation, and--though it has long been criticized for its portrayals of Plato, Marx, and Hegel--it has remained a landmark on the left and right alike for its defense of freedom and the spirit of critical inquiry.
		Open Society and Its Enemies, Volume 1: The Spell of Plato.
	press.princeton.edu /titles/766.html (289 words)

	George Soros (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The magnitude and geographical scope of his philanthropic commitments, coupled with the core principle of fostering open societies, has allowed Soros to transcend the limitations of many national governments and international institutions.
		Embodying the principles of an open society, the European Union ought to serve as a model and motive force for the rule of law on an international scale, writes OSI founder and chairman George Soros.
		To achieve its desired reforms of the UN budget process, the United States needs to lead the way in persuading the Security Council to give the General Assembly a greater role in the process, writes OSI chairman George Soros.
	www.soros.org /about/bios/a_soros (1066 words)

	Sir Karl Popper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		With his 1945 book The Open Society and Its Enemies, Popper is responsible for popularizing the notion of "open society" a concept which would come to have a significant influence on the philosophy that underpins George Soros's philanthropic activities.
		Simply stated, an open society is a form of social organization based on the recognition that nobody has a monopoly on the truth, that different people have different views and interests, and that there is a need for institutions to protect the rights of all people to allow them to live together in peace.
		Popper was a fellow of the Royal Society and a fellow of the British Academy, of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of other national and international academies.
	www.osi.hu /debate/karlpopp.htm (398 words)

	The Truth Seeker - The Open Society And Its Enemies - The Story Of Auschwitz
		Living in a scientific technological environment, it is natural for most commentators to judge any given narrative reflecting on its positive contents, i.e., the story it tells, the facts it picks up on and the message it conveys.
		Being with us, namely being amongst the open, means that you believe that it was us who liberated Europe, it was us who liberated Auschwitz, it was us who saved the Jews, and it is us who still bring the notion of democracy to the most remote corners of this boiling planet.
		So, Auschwitz is there to maintain the myth of open society; it is there to present an illusion of liberated Western identity.
	www.thetruthseeker.co.uk /article.asp?ID=2726 (2510 words)

	The Open Society And Its Enemies - The Story Of Auschwitz : SF Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Following this world view, there is only one open society, but many different enemies; and yet, it is important to mention that the open society is an empty signifier, in practice it means very little, perhaps nothing.
		I assume that there will be some basic facts that the museum won't share with its visitors: for instance, it will not tell the passing crowd that the American government adopted a highly restrictive immigration policy, that was never modified between 1933-1944, in order to block Jewish immigration.
		For both, Auschwitz stands as an icon of threat against the image of open society; within the prospect of this fatal bond any European genuine left is destined to be pushed to the margin.
	sf.indymedia.org /print.php?id=1709817 (1811 words)

	Swans Commentary: The Open Society Revisited, by Michael DeLang - delang01
		It's true, the "family values" mills had already for some time been churning out their bigoted bilge, but they still fell short of the organizational reach they now command.
		Wild notions of self-determination, equality before the law, and the rights of individuals threatened to undermine the stability of the city and kindle a rebellion of the slave population.
		Karl Popper believed that the political climate most conducive to our becoming the makers of our fate is that of the open society; a society supported by a framework of guaranteed democratic principles.
	www.swans.com /library/art11/delang01.html (2025 words)

	New Ethic :: Open Society?
		Karl Popper’s influential work, The Open Society and its Enemies, sets the yardstick of a good social order by the amount of nonviolent freedom of expression it can allow and by the transparency of its political system.
		But the political sphere provides only a framework, and unless openness characterizes a community’s life as a whole its potential benefits are greatly reduced and may even become meaningless.
		If it is true on the one hand that Soviet-style regimes of the past presented a travesty of true democracy, on the other hand even a comparatively sound political basis won’t help much in a local environment where the inhabitants in effect trample on the premises of democracy in their private lives.
	mysite.verizon.net /lestershepard/OpenSociety.html (640 words)

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