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Topic: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

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	Protestant work ethic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Protestant preachers preached on the goodness and the necessity of labor and its efficacious effect for humans personally and on Christian society as a whole.
		In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904-1905, Eng.
		One of the fundamental elements of the spirit of modern capitalism, and not only of that but of all modern culture: rational conduct on the basis of the idea of the calling, was born — that is what this discussion has sought to demonstrate — from the spirit of Christian asceticism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Protestant_work_ethic (672 words)

	EH.Net Encyclopedia: Protestant Ethic Thesis
		Perhaps the spirit of capitalism was not the spirit of asceticism.
		Despite the critics, some have taken the Protestant ethic to be a contributing cause of capitalism, perhaps a necessary cause.
		Capitalism had not "developed in Norway under centuries of Catholic and Lutheran influence," although it appeared only "two generations after the introduction of a type of religion that produced the same behavior as Calvinism" (Jonassen, 684).
	eh.net /encyclopedia/article/frey.protestant.ethic (2798 words)

	Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The spirit of capitalism, in the sense in which we are using the term, had to fight its way to supremacy against a whole world of hostile forces.
		The most important opponent with which the spirit of capitalism, in the sense of a definite standard of life claiming ethical sanction, has had to struggle, was that type of attitude and reaction to new situations which we may designate as traditionalism.
		It might thus seem that the development of the spirit of capitalism is best understood as part of the development of rationalism as a whole, and could be deduced from the fundamental position of rationalism on the basic problems of life.
	www.faculty.rsu.edu /~felwell/TheoryWeb/readings/WeberProtestform.html (7423 words)

	"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism" CHAPTER II
		"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism" CHAPTER II "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism" CHAPTER II In the title of this study is used the somewhat pretentious phrase, the spirit of capitalism.
		The most important opponent with which the spirit of capitalism, in the sense of a definite standard of life claiming ethical sanction, has had to struggle, was that type of attitude and reaction to new situations which
		The question of the motive forces in the expansion of modem capitalism is not in the first instance a question of the origin of the capital sums which were available for capitalistic uses, but, above all, of the development of the spirit of capitalism.
	homepage.mac.com /abukuma/weberian/weber/world/ethic/pro_eth_2.html (7514 words)

	The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
		Capitalism may even be identical with the restraint, or at least a rational tempering, of this irrational impulse.
		Or in terms of cultural history, the problem is that of the origin of the Western bourgeois class and of its peculiarities, a problem which is certainly closely connected with that of the origin of the capitalistic organization of labour, but is not quite the same thing.
		In this case we are dealing with the connection of the spirit of modern economic life with the rational ethics of ascetic Protestantism.
	www.cla.wayne.edu /polisci/kdk/seminar/sources/weber2a.htm (4355 words)

	Weber
		Interestingly, this idea of calling, although congruent with a potential “spirit” of capitalism, was clearly an unexpected outcome of the Protestant Reformation: indeed, perhaps an unwished one, as Protestantism under Martin Luther eschewed striving for material gain which was ultimately at the expense of others.
		The third aspect of Protestant religions that fostered a spirit of capitalism was “innerworldly asceticism.” This asceticism was the driving force behind the cultivation of economic capital.
		Protestant and Puritan religions and sects, by their very nature and ethos, imbued an attitude that was congruent with capitalist ventures and labor, thus poising them to control labor and independent business and to be active fosterers of capitalism and capitalist development.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /AnS/Anthro/Anth234/weber.htm (1029 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		They deny that Franklin was preaching a Protestant work ethic and assert that all Franklin was saying was that if a person is interested in being successful in life and commerce, here are some virtues to follow.
		Fanfani argues that capitalism as we know it today was born in the Italian merchant states under the religious umbrella of Catholicism, but he discounts the effect that religion of any kind had on the growth of capitalism as the major world economic system.
		Tawney proposed that the rationality inherent in capitalism became a tenet of Protestantism because rationality was diametrically opposed to the traditionalism of Catholicism.
	www.ecs.gatech.edu /support/sandra/paper.html (2653 words)

	Max Weber The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
		Furthermore the opening pages of the Protestant Ethic spell out a whole sequence of material practices seen as crucial to capitalist development in early modern Europe: notably the rise of autonomous towns, the separation of enterprise and household, and double entry book-keeping.
		Protestant teaching, especially that of Calvin, imbued the individual with a sense of original sin; a sober and industrious life would be the sign or proof of salvation.
		In the ‘Protestant Ethic’ Weber argues that the Calvinist belief in predestination furnished a constant inner guarantee of consistent conduct; in a later text on the Protestant sects he urges that each eliever takes care to pursue a restrained, godly life because of concern for the opinion of fellow-believers.
	courses.essex.ac.uk /cs/cs101/weberlec.htm (702 words)

	Amazon.com: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Routledge Classics) (Routledge Classics): Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Replacing this, Weber proposes that the "spirit" of Capitalism be thought of as a particular moral attitude towards work and idleness-an attitude that holds that constant and diligent work for its own sake is a moral imperative.
		The problem with trying to separate this ethic from the Enlightenment, is that this ethic which posits diligent work for its own sake is clearly found in the ethics of Immanuel Kant, who classified this kind of work and labor as a "duty" (ethical rule) that the self has to itself.
		In "The Protestant Ethic" Weber famously attempts to explain how the spirit of modern rational capitalism emerged; and he essentially argues that an important part in this process was played by what he termed ascetic protestantism or different types of Protestantism that were activistic and ascetic (most famously Calvinism).
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/041525406X?v=glance (2658 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Calvinism, a doctrine cited by Weber as a prime example of Protestant asceticism, taught that one's eternal salvation or damnation was predestined, and offered no emotional or spiritual comfort by which the believer could be assured of his or her state of grace (Weber, 103- 6).
		The Protestant ethic gave way to a secularized "spirit of capitalism." Weber believed that the proverbs of Benjamin Franklin were a good example of this.
		Responses such as these, which are contradictory to the spirit of capitalism, would indicate that the subject had adopted a new lifestyle in order to escape this pressure.
	www.unc.edu /~lbradley/weber.txt (1229 words)

	Notes5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Here he speaks not of capitalism per se (as a social system) but rather of its "spirit" (in German, Geist), that is, the peculiar form of subjective motivation associated with modern capitalist practices.
		Crucial to his discussion is his insistence that this "spirit of capitalism" is profoundly different from other kinds of economic motives, particularly what he calls "economic traditionalism." The question then becomes, how can we explain the historical process whereby economic traditionalism gives way to something new on the scene, the "spirit of capitalism"?
		It is important for you to understand the basic analysis of "the spirit of capitalism," the calling, this-worldly asceticism, and so forth.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~hbhist/hist4293/Notes5 (916 words)

	The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism: Criticisms of Weber's Thesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Advancement from Mercantilism is the zeitgeist that defines the “spirit of capitalism” and this prophetic exposé upon modern Protestantism’s influence.
		In essence, the modern Protestant connection to the modern-day spirit of capitalism is exactly in the attempt of “passing the camel through the eye of the needle” with ease by circumventing sanctification!
		Mauro’s and Newton’s interpretation is concomitant with “the spirit of capitalism.”
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-religion/1289549/posts (7363 words)

	Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
		Calvinism opposed organic social organization in the fiscal-monopolistic form which it assumed in Anglicanism under the Stuarts, especially in the conceptions of Laud, this alliance of Church and State with the monopolists on the basis of a Christian-social ethical foundation.
		Here also lay the difference of the Puritan economic ethic from the Jewish; and contemporaries (Prynne) knew well that the former and not the latter was the citizen capitalistic ethic.
		One of the fundamental elements of the spirit of modern capitalism, and not only of that but of all modern culture: rational conduct on the basis of the idea of the calling, was born-that is what this discussion has sought to demonstrate-from the spirit of Christian asceticism.
	www.ellopos.net /politics/eu_weber.html (2371 words)

	Protestant Ethic
		The Protestant ethic, also called the work ethic, is a code of morals based on the principles of thrift, discipline, hard work, and individualism.
		The adjective Protestant is explained by the fact that these qualities were seen to have been especially encouraged by the Protestant religion, especially those denominations based on the tenets of Calvinism.
		In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905; rev. 1920; Eng.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txn/protesta.htm (617 words)

	SparkNotes: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism: Summary
		Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is a study of the relationship between the ethics of ascetic Protestantism and the emergence of the spirit of modern capitalism.
		He argues that the modern spirit of capitalism sees profit as an end in itself, and pursuing profit as virtuous.
		However, once capitalism emerged, the Protestant values were no longer necessary, and their ethic took on a life of its own.
	www.sparknotes.com /philosophy/protestantethic/summary.html (530 words)

	[No title]
		Although capitalism and the discursive formation that has laid the foundation for its existence has changed very much, reading this classical work of Weber reminds one the nature and operations of capitalism that we take for granted.
		Here in two separate sections he discusses Weber’s analysis of the origins of capitalism and the transition from the Protestant ethic to the spirit of capitalism.
		The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism deserves to be read and even re-read by any one who perceives or interprets social processes and phenomena utilizing sociological imagination.
	www.csub.edu /~akebede/ReviewPE.doc (1531 words)

	The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
		The decline of capitalism was anticipated because of the development of rigid institutions and the rise of a bureaucratic state, posing a threat to political freedom as well as causing economic stagnation.
		And while Weber did not describe the same scenario for capitalism's demise as that later presented by Schumpeter, it was similarly based upon the impact of increasing bureaucracy and rationalism on the belief system in society.
		While attention was given to the cultural problems due to capitalism, in Weber's view the rise of capitalism was related to favorable changes in the distribution of economic resources within society.
	www.eh.net /bookreviews/library/engerman.shtml (2713 words)

	Protestant ethic -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Max Weber, in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904–05), held that the Protestant ethic was an important factor in the economic success of Protestant groups in the early stages of European capitalism, in that worldly success came to be interpreted as a sign of the individual's election to eternal salvation.
		It is distinguished from the philosophical discipline of ethics, which relies upon the authority of reason and which can only call upon rational sanctions for moral failure.
		Includes a collection of ethics videos and an excellent collection of essays by philosophers and theologians on topics ranging from faith, Christianity, and atheism, a bibliographical survey, with separate headings for Navajo Ethics, Islamic Ethics, Buddhist Ethics, and The Marxist Critique of Religion, and a discussion forum.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9376021?&query=parsimony&ct=gen1 (781 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The book contends that the Protestant ethic made possible and encouraged the development of capitalism in the West.
		Widely considered as the most informed work ever written on the social effects of advanced capitalism, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism holds its own as one of the most significant books of the twentieth century.
		The Calvinistic capitalism on the other hand produces (besides all superficial correctness) a subtle social coldness, a fight of everybody against everybody, which promotes the assumption, that there is not enough space in the paradisiacal sky for everyone at all.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/093573290X (800 words)

	SparkNotes: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism: Context
		SparkNotes: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism: Context
		Weber was influenced by Karl Marx's writings, although he was not a Marxist, and actually criticizes aspects of Marxist theory in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.
		Another Protestant religion that figures prominently in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is Calvinism.
	www.sparknotes.com /philosophy/protestantethic/context.html (384 words)

	Third Roxbury Edition THE PROTESTANT ETHIC AND THE SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM
		In short, The Protestant Ethic thesis is presented in a clear and highly readable manner.
		The Third Roxbury Edition includes Weber's 1906 essay "The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism." Written after his extensive travels in the United States in 1904, Weber comments here on the diverse ways in which the legacies of early American Protestantism remain influential.
		The Baptizing Sects: The Quakers, Baptists, and Mennonites
	www.roxbury.net /protestant3.html (494 words)

	STARR
		Weber’s use of ideal types: from the “leisure-based” work “ethic” to the “spirit” of modern capitalism.
		Weber’s thesis is that these and other Protestant groups (Baptists, Methodists, Pietists) that emphasized the above ideas as part of their understanding of Christian life, inadvertently unleashed a new economic ethos on the world, and helped generate modern capitalism.
		On the other side, he feared that the future would bring a meaningless, heartless, disenchanted world in which attempts to squeeze out personal and cultural meaning and creativity, consigned to the ever-shrinking dimension of private life, would be extinguished by the relentless encroachments of profit-seeking, management, and bureaucratic domination.
	faculty.fullerton.edu /bstarr/WEBER.PROT.ETHIC.htm (1303 words)

	Secular Blasphemy
		Francis Fukuyama in the NYT notes that one of the most important works in sociology, Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, is now 100 years old.
		As I see it, a major development which has contributed to capitalism's success beyond societies that exhibit the predestination beliefs of protestantism is modern democracy.
		It has also been noted that protestant societies that do not believe in predestination has also exhibited many of the traits Weber observed in Calvinism, indicating that Weber may have overstated its importance.
	blogs.salon.com /0001561/2005/03/13.html (479 words)

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