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	Revolutions of 1848 in France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As 1848 began, liberals in France awaited the death of King Louis Philippe, expecting a new revolution after his death.
		Even though France had a free press and trial by jury, only landholders were permitted to vote, which alienated the middle class from the ruling class.
		Politics continued to tilt to the right, and the era of revolution in France came to an end.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_Revolutions_of_1848_in_France (1084 words)

	Revolutions of 1848 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of revolutions which erupted in Sicily and then, further triggered by the Revolution of 1848 in France, soon spread to the rest of Europe.
		The result was a wave of revolution sweeping across Europe and raising hopes of liberal reform as far away as Brazil, where the rhetoric surrounding the Praieira revolt took many cues from European events, as did its thorough repression.
		Elsewhere in the United Kingdom, revolution was far from the minds of those in Ireland, struggling and dying through the Potato Famine (the exception being William Smith O'Brien's debacle in County Tipperary).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Revolutions_of_1848 (1108 words)

	Europe in Retropsect: International Order & Domestic Strife
		The tenuous alliance between bourgeoisie and proletariat was threatened in the spring of 1848, but the provisional government's abolition of the workshops in June 1848 was a signal for the revolt of the Parisian workers.
		When the first of the two revolutions that France endured in 1848 broke out in late February, the workers were demanding, in their slogan, "the right to work." The bourgeoisie also were making demands, but principally for more liberal government.
		The revolutions of the first half of the nineteenth century were political, with two objectives: first and most universal, the establishment of liberal, parliamentary government; second, and most evident in countries north and east of France, the creation of a nation-state.
	www.britannia.com /history/euro/1/3_2.html (2918 words)

	France - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Metropolitan France possesses a wide variety of landscapes, from coastal plains in the north and west to mountain ranges in the south-east (the Alps) and the south-west (the Pyrenees).
		In 2003, France's natural population growth (excluding immigration) was responsible for almost all the natural growth in European population: the population of the European Union increased by 216,000 inhabitants (without immigration), of which 211,000 was the increase in France's population alone, and 5,000 was the increase in all the other countries of the EU combined.
		Although commonly associated with the French Revolution and suggested by Robespierre in December, 1790, France's motto, "Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité" was not adopted until the Revolutions of 1848 in France.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/France (6095 words)

	The Revolutions of 1848: Essay by Mike White
		he Revolutions of 1848 were a series of political and economic revolts that took place in Europe because of a recession and abuse of political power.
		What sparked these revolutions was the second revolution in France, which drove Louis Philippe from his throne and brought in a provisional government dedicated to a democratic franchise and "national workshops" to reduce unemployment.
		These revolutions all did one thing together; that the people did have the power to overtake the government and establish what they thought as the ideal government that was run by their constitution.
	www.cusd.chico.k12.ca.us /~bsilva/projects/revs/rev_of_1848.htm (1142 words)

	France
		The states affected by the 1848 revolutions- France, the Habsburg Empire, and the German and Italian States, in all each had differences in their social and economic structures.
		For example, the revolution of 1848 in Germany was a critical subject to historians from the German Democratic republic.
		With the exception of events in France, there was none of the brutal repression associated with all subsequent counter revolutions, In part, this can be explained by the fact that the revolutionary unity between the liberal middle classes and the more radical working classes very quickly collapsed.
	www.trincoll.edu /classes/hist300/group3/france.htm (989 words)

	revolutions of 1848 articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		February Revolution FEBRUARY REVOLUTION [February Revolution] 1848, French revolution that overthrew the monarchy of Louis Philippe and established the Second Republic.
		He was prominent in politics, particularly just before and just after the Revolution of 1848 (see revolutions of 1848), and was minister of foreign affairs briefly in 1849.
		The working classes had played an important role in the February Revolution of 1848, but their hopes for economic and social reform were disappointed.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articlesnew/10920.html (505 words)

	war and social upheaval: revolutions of 1848 - 1849
		The European rRevolutions of 1848 were a series of revolts caused by a heady mixture of rising nationalism mixed with the economic change resulting from the Industrial Revolution and political and social represson.
		The revolutions were led by a varying mixture of the middle class, workers, university students, ethnic groups, and others agitating for change.
		Bismarck played little role in the 1848 disorders, but his his steadfast support of the monarchy during the crisis and his reputation as a conservative politican was to lead to his appointment as chancellor.
	histclo.com /essay/war/rev-1848.html (1926 words)

	1848.html
		The revolts of 1848 were not triggered by one group or incident, but arose out of similarly bad conditions in all the European countries: severe food shortage, a commercial and industrial recession, and widespread unemployment.
		As a result, the revolutions of 1848 were generally failures, and did not succeed in establishing any genuinely liberal or national states.
		More importantly, after 1848, the middle classes largely ceased to be revolutionary, as they became increasingly concerned about the protection of their property against radical social and political movements.
	www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/1848.html (2049 words)

	1848 Timeline
		March, 1848: 600 delegates meet in Frankfurt in a preparliamentary assembly and called for a universal manhood suffrage electio to form a national assembly to govern a unified Germany.
		November, 1848: Appointed Prime Minister of the Papal States Pelligrino Rossi is assassinated and the pope flees to Genoa.
		New revolutions arise in the Rhineland, Saxony, and Bavaria.
	www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us /~bsilva/projects/revs/1848time.html (759 words)

	France - Free net encyclopedia
		Image:Fr-map.png Metropolitan France possesses a wide variety of landscapes, from coastal plains in the north and west to mountain ranges in the south-east (the Alps) and the south-west (the Pyrenees).
		Image:Départements et régions de France.svg Template:Main article France is divided into 26 administrative régions: 22 are in metropolitan France (21 are on the continental part of metropolitan France; one is the "territorial collectivity" of Corse, on the island of Corsica, commonly referred to as a région in common speech), and four are overseas régions.
		France is also the most energy independent Western country due to heavy investment in nuclear power, which also makes France the smallest producer of carbon dioxide among the seven most industrialized countries in the world.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/France (6562 words)

	1848_webpage_2
		France was declared a republic with Lamartine's words: "Down with Royalty!" However, this new government did not last long.
		After 1848, Louis Napoleon broke the oath he agreed to "remain faithful to the democratic Republic and to defend the Constitution." He also got rid of Parliament and declared himself the ruler of France.
		When the revolutions were going on in Europe, a revolution of a different nature was beginning to sweep the United States.
	nhs.needham.k12.ma.us /cur/Baker_00/2001_p2/baker_mc_sh_p2/1848_webpage_2.htm (1659 words)

	SparkNotes: Europe (1848-1871): The Revolutions of 1848 (1848)
		The revolutions of 1848 were a "turning point in modern history that modern history failed to turn." Every one was an utter failure; though minor reforms emerged in the Germany provinces and in Prussia, the conservative regimes that canvassed Europe remained in power.
		PARGRAPH The year 1848 marked the end of the so-called "concert of Europe" that had been defined after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815 as a way to maintain the European balance of power by having the continent's major powers meet to resolve their differences and prevent aggression.
		After 1848, the European powers seemed incapable of united action to maintain the status quo, probably because the revolutions of 1848 weakened the regimes in the eyes of their people.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/1871/section1.html (1021 words)

	Revolutions of 1848 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		From 1848 to 1852, Europe was convulsed by a series of Revolutions which all ultimately failed by 1852 with the restoration of either dictatorship or the reestablishment of conservative rule.
		The February revolution in France also gave to Liberals in the German states the idea to make a proposal for a unified German country with a national parliament.
		This increased nationalism in March of 1848 led to riots and the ousting of Prince Klemens von Metternich and Ferdinand I, the Hapsburg Emperor.
	www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us /~bsilva/projects/revs/1848essy.html (332 words)

	France, Financial Crisis and the 1848 Revolutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		France, Financial Crisis and the 1848 Revolutions When the revolut ion of 1848 broke out, the economy was affected by a deep financial crisis, which reduced the initiative of the republic's decision makers.
		The Bank of France was supported by a loan from the English bank firm of Baring, but, as its commitments mounted, it preferred to restrain the rediscount and to move the bank rate from 4 to 5 percent in January 1847.
		The Bank of France's monetary reserves reached 150 million francs in June 1847: 43 percent of the value of notes in circulation were covered by specie on deposit in the central bank.
	cscwww.cats.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/dh/FRANFIN.HTM (2433 words)

	Revolutions of 1848
		Social thinkers believed the modern factory system, the industrial revolution, "was transforming society.
		Inspired by the emergency measures of 1793 and 1794 in France, they argued that the government should rationally organize the economy and not depend on destructive competition to do the job.
		Early socialists also shared an intense desire to help the poor, and they preached that the rich and the poor should be more nearly equal economically.
	www.solowey.net /Revo-1848.htm (193 words)

	The Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Even if of them agreed about the expulsion of the moderates were hoping to form a of kingdoms with a liberal constitution (for the cleric Vincenzo Gioberti advocated a confederation by the pope) while the radicals were for a revolution followed by the formation a unified italian republic; their leader was Giuseppe Mazzini.
		By March 1848 (when the and most important of these constitutions - Statuto Albertino - was promulgated in Piedmont) all italian states (with the exception of the Lombardo-Veneto) had formally become parliamentary monarchies.
		Instead leaders of the milanese insurrections both for the revolution and for fear that the could stage a social revolution pledged allegiance the king of Sardinia Charles Albert of Savoy and invited him to join his with theirs.
	www.freeglossary.com /The_Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Italian_States (1400 words)

	Revolutions of 1848 (History 1225) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Alphonse de Lamartine, History of the French Revolution of 1848 (1849), brief extract on-line.
		Nassau William Senior, Journals kept in France and Italy from 1848 to 1852, with a Sketch of the Revolution of 1848, edited by his daughter, M.C.M. Simpson (1871).
		You may want to look at the bibliography for Axel Koerner's Group Two course on the Revolutions of 1848; it is available on the History Department website (link for Hist2640).
	www.ucl.ac.uk /~ucrarls/1225/week12.html (404 words)

	1848 Commentary @ LaunchBase.org (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The Revolutions of 1848, a series of widespread but mostly failed struggles for more liberal governments, from Brazil to Hungary.
		January 3 - Joseph Jenkins Roberts is sworn in as the first president of the independent African Republic of Liberia.
		November 7 - U.S. presidential election, 1848: Whig Zachary Taylor of Louisiana defeats Democrat Lewis Cass of Michigan in the first US presidential election held in every state on the same day.
	www.launchbase.org /encyclopedia/1848 (1130 words)

	Amazon.com: The 1848 Revolutions (2nd Edition) (Seminar Studies in History): Books: Peter Jones (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		This book is a very comprehensive study of the revolutions of 1848, and the author effectively presents and analyzes information derived from primary sources and statistics from the time period in question.
		As such, The 1848 Revolutions is an excellent reference book for the individuals, events, and causes of the Europe-wide revolutions of 1848, though insignificant flaws do exist in the writing.
		Peter Jones's The 1848 Revolutions presents an informative survey of the revolutions that took place all over Europe, specifically in France, the German states, the Italian peninsula, and the Habsburg lands, in the year 1848.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0582061067?v=glance (1192 words)

	The Revolution of 1848 in France
		Documents of the Revolution of 1848 in France
		With the capital of France on fire, the justification for the present provisional government must be sought in the public safety.
		Frenchmen, it is for you to give to the world the example which Paris has given to France; prepare yourselves by order and by confidence in your destiny for the firm institutions which you are about to be called upon to establish.
	history.hanover.edu /texts/fr1848.htm (1002 words)

	Great Emigration - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Because of this emigration of political elites, much of the political and ideological activity of the Polish intelligentsia during the 18th and 19th centuries was done outside of the lands of partitioned Poland.
		Their resistance was not limited to Polish revolutionary activity, as they also participated in various lands during the Revolutions of 1848, including France, the small principalities of Germany and Italy, Austria, Hungary, and the Danubian principalities Wallachia and Moldavia, South Americans Argentina and Uruguay "Guerra Grande" and later, War of Crimea.
		Additional waves of émigrés came after the failures of the attempted 1848 revolution and the January Uprising of 1863–1864.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Great_Emigration (380 words)

	Helpful Dance dance revolution information online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The Revolutions of 1848 spread to the Austrian Empire and Lecture 23: Revolutions of 1848 through the Crimean War.
		Dance dance revolution mp3s - Page Excerpt: A factual argument could be made that in doing so, it has been divisive, separating us from one another, stressing differences rather than the Christian ethics that have unified and identified us as Americans.
		By stressing tribal roots, many tend to glorify their ancestral heritage, forgetting their forefathers escaped from their past surroundings and came to a new life, where new customs were eagerly sought to learn and to be assimilated.
	www.1dancedancerevolution73.info (828 words)

	revolutions of 1848
		The revolution within the Austrian empire was one of initial success and subsequent defeat.
		The revolutions of 1848 failed notably because three kinds of demands—social and economic, liberal, and national—were not easily reconciled.
		The results of the uprisings were the spread of parliamentary governments, the extension of manhood suffrage in France (and briefly in Austria), the abolition of manorialism in Central Europe, the beginnings of the German and Italian unification movements, and the establishment of Hungary as an equal partner with Austria under Hapsburg rule.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0841649.html (434 words)

	Revolution: Pets and Animal Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The goal of the Green revolution was to increase the efficiency of agricultural processes...
		Preliminaries "Germany" at the time of the Revolutions of 1848 was not then any sense a...
		The Revolutions in Prussia In Berlin, the Prussian capital,...
	www.dnxtrans.com /pets/Revolution (1010 words)

	Google Directory - Society > History > By Topic > Social History > Revolutions and Social Movements > ...
		An examination of the 1848 revolution in Prussia and the Germanic states and the response.
		The Paris revolution of February 1848 precipitated a succession of liberal and national revolts against autocratic governments.
		Article examining the 1848 revolutions in the Hapsburg empire including Austria, Hungary and the Czech lands.
	start.mozilla.org /Top/Society/History/By_Topic/Social_History/Revolutions_and_Social_Movements/1848_Revolutions (545 words)

	Australian Perceptions of the 1848 Revolutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The colonial explanation for the revolutions was heavily colored by Australian pre-occupation with emigration.
		This was "the antidote to Revolution." It was population pressure which led to the blood stained streets of Paris.
		Later in the year, pessimism with "the bloody career of revolution" set in, and the presentation was angled to discourage local emulation of workers uprisings.
	www.cats.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ac/australi.htm (726 words)

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