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	The German 1848 Revolution: A German Perspective
		The new Germany was to be a constitutional monarchy, and the office of head of state (Kaiser, or Emperor) was to be hereditary and held by the respective King of Prussia.
		Many Germans who had hoped for the success of the German Revolution were unwilling to return to a life under the restored authoritarian regimes and chose emigration--mostly to the United States.
		Germans had learned the lessons that idealism is not enough to succeed in politics, that they had to organize as pressure groups to achieve their political objectives--political parties formed as a result.
	www.serve.com /shea/germusa/perspekt.htm (3985 words)

	Germany - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		The states also started to be shaped by the Industrial Revolution, which was the initial step of the growing industrialisation and contributed to a wave of pennilessness in Europe causing social uprisings.
		9% of the population is not ethnically German.
		German literature can be traced back to the Middle Ages, in particular to such authors as Walther von der Vogelweide and Wolfram von Eschenbach, considered some of the most important poets of medieval Europe.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/g/e/r/Germany.html (5920 words)

	1848 Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		March, 1848: 600 delegates meet in Frankfurt in a preparliamentary assembly and called for a universal manhood suffrage electio to form a national assembly to govern a unified Germany.
		November, 1848: Appointed Prime Minister of the Papal States Pelligrino Rossi is assassinated and the pope flees to Genoa.
		New revolutions arise in the Rhineland, Saxony, and Bavaria.
	www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us /~bsilva/projects/revs/1848time.html (759 words)

	revolutions of 1848 - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		In the German states, popular demonstrations and uprisings (Feb.-Mar., 1848) led to the dismissal of unpopular ministers and the calling of a national parliament (see Frankfurt Parliament) to draft a constitution for a united Germany.
		The revolutions of 1848 failed notably because three kinds of demands—social and economic, liberal, and national—were not easily reconciled.
		The results of the uprisings were the spread of parliamentary governments, the extension of manhood suffrage in France (and briefly in Austria), the abolition of manorialism in Central Europe, the beginnings of the German and Italian unification movements, and the establishment of Hungary as an equal partner with Austria under Hapsburg rule.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-revol1848.html (567 words)

	Revolutions of 1848 information - Search.com
		The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of revolutions which erupted in Sicily and then, further triggered by the Revolution of 1848 in France, soon spread to the rest of Europe.
		The result was a wave of revolution sweeping across Europe and raising hopes of liberal reform as far away as Brazil, where the rhetoric surrounding the Praieira revolt took many cues from European events, as did its thorough repression.
		Elsewhere in the United Kingdom, revolution was far from the minds of those in Ireland, struggling and dying through the Potato Famine (the exception being William Smith O'Brien's debacle in County Tipperary).
	www.search.com /reference/1848_Revolutions (1093 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Revolutions of 1848 in the German states
		In Heidelberg, in the state of Baden (southwest Germany), on March 5, 1848, a group of German liberals began to make plans for an election to a German national assembly.
		The new Germany was to be a constitutional monarchy, and the office of head of state ("Emperor of the Germans") was to be hereditary and held by the respective King of Prussia.
		The achievements of the revolutionaries of March 1848 were reversed in all of the German states and by 1851, the Basic Rights had also been abolished nearly everywhere.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_German_states (2132 words)

	Revolutions of 1848 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		From 1848 to 1852, Europe was convulsed by a series of Revolutions which all ultimately failed by 1852 with the restoration of either dictatorship or the reestablishment of conservative rule.
		The February revolution in France also gave to Liberals in the German states the idea to make a proposal for a unified German country with a national parliament.
		This increased nationalism in March of 1848 led to riots and the ousting of Prince Klemens von Metternich and Ferdinand I, the Hapsburg Emperor.
	www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us /~bsilva/projects/revs/1848essy.html (332 words)

	The Revolution of 1848 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		France's population increased from 27,000,000 in 1801 to 35,000,000 in 1846; Germany's, from 24,800,000 in 1816 to 34,400,000 in 1848.
		The greatest achievement of the Revolution of 1848 was to have emancipated the slaves and to have replaced mercantilist colonialism with a policy of assimilation.
		Faidherbe's Senegal was an achievement of the Revolution of 1848, and the ideal of the revolution was perpetuated there under the Empire, as it was in the Antilles and in Reunion.
	mars.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/rev1848.html (2169 words)

	[No title]
		German commerce and banking prospered in the late 15th and early 16th cent., the heyday of such merchant princes as those of the Fugger and Welser families of Augsburg.
		During 1945–47 there was a serious shortage of food, caused by the crippled state of the German economy and by poor harvests; this situation was intensified in W Germany by the arrival of about 10 million ethnic German refugees from the Soviet zone and the former German territories of E central Europe.
		Although German reunification was seen as a principal goal in West Germany's relations with East Germany, it seemed a remote likelihood until the dramatic political upheavals that took place in East Germany in late 1989 and 1990.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/world/countries/germany.html?nav=el (7629 words)

	German American Corner: The Revolution of 1848
		The revolutions were initiated by members of the middle class and nobility who began demanding constitutional and representative governments, and by workers and peasants who revolted against developing capitalist practices that were resulting in greater poverty.
		Although governmental changes achieved by the revolutions of 1848 were short-lived, the revolutions influenced the course of European government in the long term by undermining the concept of absolute monarchy and establishing an impetus for liberalism and socialism.
		Although these revolutions in the German and Italian states failed, the movement for unification gained strength in later years-resulting in the unifying of Italy in 1861 and Germany in 1871.
	www.germanheritage.com /Essays/1848/the_revolutions_of_1848.html (865 words)

	Emissaries of Good Will -- Young Germans Participate in a Unique Project. By Ruth Rovner
		In Italy, France, Austria, Hungary, and in the states of the German Confederation thrones shook and ministries fell.
		The spark that ignited the revolution was the news of unrest in Paris, where Louis Philippe was forced to abdicate on February 24.
		Anxious to end the revolution lest it get out of hand—the memory of the Jacobean terreur in France in 1792 was never far from their minds—the assembly failed both to mobilize the masses for the coming counter-revolution and to create an institutional framework for an independent policy of its own.
	www.germanlife.com /Archives/1998/9802_01.html (6502 words)

	1848.html
		The revolts of 1848 were not triggered by one group or incident, but arose out of similarly bad conditions in all the European countries: severe food shortage, a commercial and industrial recession, and widespread unemployment.
		As a result, the revolutions of 1848 were generally failures, and did not succeed in establishing any genuinely liberal or national states.
		More importantly, after 1848, the middle classes largely ceased to be revolutionary, as they became increasingly concerned about the protection of their property against radical social and political movements.
	www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/1848.html (2049 words)

	Civil Liberties and the 1848 Revolutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Civil Liberties and the 1848 Revolutions The first reactions of the rulers of Europe to the revolutionary outbreaks of 1848 were panic and loss of nerve.
		Despite the harsh repression, the 1848 revolutions were not a complete failure from a civil liberties perspective.
		Finally, in many ways the 1848 revolutions established a civil liberties agenda that was to play a major, and sometimes dominant role in European domestic politics for the next seventy years.
	cscwww.cats.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ac/civillib.htm (1193 words)

	Germany, 1848 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Specifically, the German revolution is intriguing because it failed-- and the government that followed, some feel, set a precedent of reform from above that existed in Germany until the end of the Second World War.
		Thus, from 1848 through the Second World War, the idea of a unique German identity was cultivated by German philosophers, authors and the general populace.
		The revolutions of 1848 were chiefly characterized by violence and uncertainty of a singular objective.
	www.trincoll.edu /~gstevens/germany,.htm (181 words)

	Germany Resource Center - flights germany
		In most cases, the revenue is collected by the state in return for a collection fee, while some smaller-sized religious bodies chose to administer the collection of the taxes themselves (such ramstein germany as the Jewish Community of Berlin).
		The German language was once the lingua franca of central, eastern and northern Europe, and in Europe it is the second most popular language after English.
		Today's standard language is based on High German rather than Low German; the latter has been given the status of a minority language by the European Union, although it is less used today in the traditionally Low German-speaking areas of northern Germany.
	www.taxgloss.com /Tax-Banks_Cl_-_G-/Germany.html (5455 words)

	Frankfurt Parliament - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Frankfurt Parliament is the name of the German National Assembly founded during the Revolutions of 1848 that tried to unite Germany in a democratic way.
		At the same time as the events in Frankfurt, a Danish constitutional convention had assembled in Copenhagen, and the question of extending the draft constitution to Schleswig quickly arose, since Schleswig's population was mostly Danish and felt threatened by the prospect of becoming a small minority in a new Germany.
		This crisis let to a German revolt in both Schleswig and Holstein, prompting the Frankfurt Parliament to approve the intervention of Prussia to protect its member state Holstein.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Frankfurt_Parliament (815 words)

	History of Germany, The German Confederation, 1815-66
		Its members' objective was a constellation of states and a balance of power that would ensure peace and stability after a quarter-century of revolution and war.
		Numerous German cities were shaken by uprisings in which crowds consisting mainly of the urban poor, but also of students and members of the liberal middle class, stormed their rulers' palaces and demanded fundamental reform.
		The failure of the 1848 revolutions also meant that Germany was not united as many had hoped.
	motherearthtravel.com /history/germany/history-9.htm (1641 words)

	Revolutions of 1848 in the German states - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On March 13, 1848, Metternich, Austria's brilliant foreign minister, resigned amidst mounting rebellion in his country, sparking revolutions in Italy and Germany while his country was politically weak.
		In Prussia, the revolution started with the Greater Poland Uprising of 1848, which was a military insurrection of the Polish people in the Grand Duchy of Poznań against the occupying Prussian forces, lead by Ludwik Mirosławski who later led the defence of Rastatt in South Germany as well as other revolutionary acts in Europe.
		The new Germany was to be a constitutional monarchy, and the office of head of state ("Emperor of the Germans") was to be hereditary and held by the respective King of Prussia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_German_states (2015 words)

	Open Directory - Society: History: By Topic: Social History: Revolutions and Social Movements: 1848 Revolutions
		The German 1848 Revolution: A German Perspective - Article on the factors leading to the uprising, the course of the revolution and its aftermath.
		Periodicals and Pamphlets of the French Revolution of 1848 - Project at the University of Chicago to digitize documentary material from the 1848 revolution in France.
		The Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian States - Examination of the revolutions in the area now known as Italy.
	dmoz.org /Society/History/By_Topic/Social_History/Revolutions_and_Social_Movements/1848_Revolutions (602 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It would give rise in the German states, as a result of the Napoleonic wars, to volkstum or nationhood, to be later expanded by Hegel as zeitgeist, a moment and movement to rally around.
		It was the Second Industrial Revolution, distinguished by its emphasis on heavy industry; transformation of iron into steel; and massive corporations employing tens of thousands and rabid competition among Britain, Germany, France, and the rapidly industrializing United States that created the economic drive for global expansion for new markets and resources.
		Despite the disarray brought upon Christianity by the Reformation, the Counterreformation, the scientific revolution, and then the onslaught of the Enlightenment, Europe of the early nineteenth century was a thoroughly Christian continent.
	world-journal.net /greater_belgium.html (7529 words)

	NWSA Journal--The Lid Comes Off: International Radical Feminism and the Revolutions of 1848
		By the outbreak of the 1848 revolutions, scores of feminists in Europe and the United States read the same literature, shared a common discourse and set of expectations, and had woven close personal connections to each other.
		The United States was the first nation to recognize the French Republic and, throughout the spring, celebrations of reformers and immigrants took place from New York to New Orleans.
		This "year of revolution" has a feminist dimension, which can no longer be left out of accounts of its events, whether on the national or the international level.
	iupjournals.org /nwsa/nws10-2.html (4384 words)

	AllRefer.com - Germany - The Revolutions of 1848 - The Restoration \| German Information Resource
		Numerous German cities were shaken by uprisings in which crowds consisting mainly of the urban poor, but also of students and members of the liberal middle class, stormed their rulers' palaces and demanded fundamental reform.
		The failure of the 1848 revolutions also meant that Germany was not united as many had hoped.
		The "hungry forties" gave way to the prosperity of the 1850s as the German economy modernized and laid the foundations for spectacular growth later in the century.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/germany/germany24.html (775 words)

	Snapshot of Europe: Germany
		That year, the German Communist Party was established, and on January 1919 the German Workers Party, later known as the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP).
		In 1936, German troops entered the demilitarised Rhineland, violating the Versailles Treaty, in an attempt to rebuild national self-esteem.
		The flight of growing numbers of East Germans to freedom via West Berlin led on 13 August 1961, to East Germany erecting the Berlin Wall and a fortified border to West Germany.
	www.sheppardsoftware.com /Europeweb/snapshot/Snapshot-Europe15.htm (1002 words)

	THE REVOLUTIONS OF 1848
		- THE REVOLUTIONS THAT SWEPT EUROPE IN 1848 WERE THE MOST VIOLENT SINCE THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.
		- FROM 1840 TO 1848 THE GOVERNMENT OF FRANCE WAS DOMINATED BY FRANCOIS GUIZOT, LOUIS PHILIPPE'S PREMIER.
		THIS ATTEMPT WAS TRYING TO CREATE AN AUTONOMOUS HUNGARIAN STATE WITH FREEDOM OF THE PRESS, ABOLITION OF PRIVILEGE, ANNUAL MEETINGS OF THE ASSEMBLY (DIET) AND LIMITED MALE SUFFRAGE BASED ON PROPERTY OWNERSHIP.
	www.wpunj.edu /~history/study/ws2/set7b.htm (1300 words)

	Lecture 16: 1848, Italian and German Unification
		In 1848, Europe didn’t catch cold; it caught a major case of “Revolutionitis.” This time, the old regime would be left in terminal condition.
		This parliament was disbanded, and the Prussians were forced to agree to the recreation of the German Confederation dominated by the Austrians.
		After the 1848 revolutions, Germany was again a loose confederation of roughly 39 states, including the Austrian Empire and Prussia.
	homepage.mac.com /johnalex1/shelton/westernciv2/chapter25lecture16.html (1948 words)

	Wikinfo \| 1849 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Concequently the office of President of the United States of America is vacant for a single day.
		Urban legend instead helds that David Rice Atchison, President pro tempore of the United States Senate was President for a single day.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=1849 (836 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- revolutions of 1848 - AOL Research & Learn
		The stage was set when the unrest caused by the economic effects of severe crop failures in 1846–47 merged with the discontent caused by political repression of liberal and nationalist aspirations.
		In the German states, popular demonstrations and uprisings (Feb.–Mar., 1848) led to the dismissal of unpopular ministers and the calling of a national parliament (see Frankfurt Parliament) to draft a constitution for a united Germany.
		Some species have begun dying off sooner than predicted because of global warming, a review of hundreds of studies contends.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/revolutions-of-1848/20051207034109990011 (408 words)

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