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	Revolutions of 1848 In the German States - LocalColorArt.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Revolutions of 1848 In the German States in the News
		The revolution was triggered by events in France at the end of February and soon spread to Germany, known there as the March Revolution.
		In Prussia, the revolution started with the Greater Poland Uprising of 1848, which was a military insurrection of the Polish people in the Grand Duchy of Poznań against the occupying Prussian forces, led by Ludwik Mirosławski who later led the defence of Rastatt in South Germany as well as other revolutionary acts in Europe.
	www.localcolorart.com /encyclopedia/Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_German_states (2208 words)

	Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1848, the Austrian Empire under the Habsburgs was confronted with the combined effect of economic, social class, and national conflicts.
		Hungary, at just over half the land area of the Empire, at the time was a bit like the American South of the time: agricultural, backwards economically, controlled by a conservative elite, and soon to fight a war of independence that would eventually fail due to ethnic, linguistic, and religious splits.
		The Habsburgs gave Baron Alexander von Bach an absolute mandate over the Kingdom of Hungary, including Croatia whose contribution to the quelling of the revolution was ignored.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Habsburg_areas (1463 words)

	Revolutions of 1848 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of revolutions which erupted in Sicily and then, further triggered by the Revolution of 1848 in France, soon spread to the rest of Europe.
		The result was a wave of revolution sweeping across Europe and raising hopes of liberal reform as far away as Brazil, where the rhetoric surrounding the Praieira revolt took many cues from European events, as did its thorough repression.
		Elsewhere in the United Kingdom, revolution was far from the minds of those in Ireland, struggling and dying through the Potato Famine (the exception being William Smith O'Brien's debacle in County Tipperary).
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/revolutions_of_1848 (1047 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: The Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1848, the Austrian Empire under the Habsburgs was confronted with the combined effect of economic, social class, and nationalities conflicts.
		Greater Poland Uprising of 1848 (Polish: powstanie wielkopolskie 1848 roku) was a military insurrection of the Polish people in the Grand Duchy of Poznań (or the Greater Poland region) against the occupying Prussian forces, during the Spring of Nations period.
		The result was a wave of revolution sweeping across Europe and raising hopes of liberal reform as far away as India during 1848, where the rhetoric surrounding the Sepoy Rebellion took many cues from European events, as did its thorough repression.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/The-Revolutions-of-1848-in-the-Habsburg-areas (3690 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: The Revolutions of 1848 in the German states (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The revolution started in Prussia with the Greater Poland Uprising of 1848, which was a military insurrection of the Polish people in the Grand Duchy of Poznań against the occupying Prussian forces, lead by Ludwik Mirosławski who later lead the defence of Rastatt in South Germany.
		After the 1848 revolutions in the German states, the Prussian three-class franchise system (Dreiklassenwahlrecht) was introduced in 1849 by the Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm IV for the election of the Lower House of the Prussian state parliament.
		With an area of 18,413 kmÂ² and a population of 4.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/The-Revolutions-of-1848-in-the-German-states (3064 words)

	Revolutions of 1848: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The february revolution of 1917 in russia was the first stage of the russian revolution of 1917....
		The cuban revolution was the overthrow of cuban dictator fulgencio batista by the 26th of july movement and the establishment of a new government led by...
		The iranian revolution was the 1979 revolution that transformed iran from an autocratic pro-west monarchy under shah mohammad reza pahlavi to an...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/re/revolutions_of_1848.htm (1442 words)

	Revolutions of 1848 - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The European Revolutions of 1848, in some countries known as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were the bloody consequences of a variety of changes that had been taking place in Europe in the first half of the 19th century.
		The tinder that lit the fire was a series of economic downturns and crop failures that left many of the poor starving.
		In the United Kingdom, the middle classes had been pacified by general enfranchisement in the Reform Act of 1832, with the consequent agitations, violence, and petitions of the Chartist movement that came to a head with the petition to Parliament of 1848.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Revolutions_of_1848 (535 words)

	The Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Habsburg Court pressured Chancellor Metternich to step down in order to placate the subject nationalities, and he resigned on March 13, 1848, fleeing to England.
		Hungary, at just over half the land area of the Empire, at the time was a bit like the American south of the time: agricultural, backwards economically, controlled by a reactionary elite, and soon to fight a war of independence that was a lost cause from the beginning due to ethnic, linguistic, and religious splits.
		On the Hungarian National Assembly in Sremski Karlovci in May, 1848, Serbs, aided by the Romanians and Croats, declared the unification of the regions of Srijem, Banat, Backa, Baranja and one part of the Military frontier into the province of Vojvodina and wanted to unite with the Turkish autonomus state of Serbia.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=274047 (1295 words)

	Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas at AllExperts
		In 1848, the Austrian Empire under the Habsburgs was confronted with the combined effect of economic, social class, and national conflicts.
		Hungary, at just over half the land area of the Empire, at the time was a bit like the American South of the time: agricultural, backwards economically, controlled by a conservative elite, and soon to fight a war of independence that would eventually fail due to ethnic, linguistic, and religious splits.
		The Habsburgs gave Baron Alexander von Bach an absolute mandate over the Kingdom of Hungary, including Croatia whose contribution to the quelling of the revolution was ignored.
	en.allexperts.com /e/r/re/revolutions_of_1848_in_the_habsburg_areas.htm (1524 words)

	Revolutions of 1848 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The European Revolutions of 1848 were the bloody consequences of a variety of changes had been taking place in Europe in first half of the 19th century.
		The result was a wave of revolution across Europe and raising hopes of liberal as far away as Brazil where the rhetoric surrounding the Praieira revolt took many cues from European events did its thorough repression.
		In the United Kingdom the middle had been pacified by general enfranchisement in Reform Act of 1832 with the consequent agitations violence and of the Chartist movement that came to a head with petition to Parliament of 1848.
	www.freeglossary.com /Revolution_of_1848 (519 words)

	The Revolutions of 1848 In the Italian States Encyclopedia @ GreatArtworks.com (Great Artworks) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The most important were the kingdom of the Two Sicilies in the south, the Papal States and Tuscany in the center, and the kingdom of Sardinia in the island and in the northwest (the bulk of the kingdom actually consisted of what is now the Piedmont region).
		By March 1848 (when the last and most important of these constitutions - the Statuto Albertino - had emerged in Piedmont) all the Italian states (with the exception of the Austrian-ruled Lombardo-Veneto) had formally become parliamentary monarchies.
		Meanwhile, the leaders of the Milanese insurrections, both for consolidating the revolution and for fear that the radicals could stage a social revolution, pledged allegiance to the king of Sardinia Charles Albert of Savoy and invited him to join his forces with theirs.
	www.greatartworks.com /encyclopedia/The_Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Italian_states (1241 words)

	1848.html
		Revolts broke out in 1848 in almost all of the nations of Europe; by that springtime of that year there was a great deal of hope in the air.
		The revolts of 1848 were not triggered by one group or incident, but arose out of similarly bad conditions in all the European countries: severe food shortage, a commercial and industrial recession, and widespread unemployment.
		As a result, the revolutions of 1848 were generally failures, and did not succeed in establishing any genuinely liberal or national states.
	www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/1848.html (2049 words)

	The Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1848, the Austrian Empire under the Habsburgs was confrontedwith the combined effect of economic, social class, and nationalities conflicts.
		Somethinghad to give, and here came a few of the real accomplishments of the revolution -- the oppressive feudal system under which the peasants (the bulk of the population) toiled was reduced; the hated robotrule of service to one's lord was abolished, and some hereditary rights of the nobility were cut.
		Hungary, at just over half the land area of the Empire, at the time was a bit like the American south of the time -- agricultural, backwardseconomically, controlled by a reactionary elite, and soon to fight a war of independence that was a lost cause from the beginningdue to racial, linguistic, and religious splits.
	www.therfcc.org /the-revolutions-of-1848-in-the-habsburg-areas-159497.html (1019 words)

	The Revolutions of 1848 In the German States Encyclopedia @ Karr.net (Karr Network) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The revolution was triggered by events in France at the end of February and soon spread to Germany, known there as the March Revolution.
		On March 21, he paraded through the streets of Berlin to the cemetery were the civil victims were buried, accompanied by some ministers and generals, all wearing the revolutionary tricolor of fl, red, and yellow which form today's flag of Germany.
		The new Germany was to be a constitutional monarchy, and the office of head of state ("Emperor of the Germans") was to be hereditary and held by the respective King of Prussia.
	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/The_Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_German_states (1426 words)

	H-Net Review: Paul Arpaia on The Revolutions in Europe 1848-1849. From Reform to Reaction
		If the revolutions of 1848 were autochthonous in nature and their outcomes varied from country to country, all of the revolutions shared common aspects.
		The success of the revolution was owing to the leadership of the liberal and republican bourgeoisie, the unwillingness of the financial, commercial and industrial bourgeoisie to rally to the Orleanist regime, and most importantly, the Parisian National Guard's abandonment of Louis-Philippe.
		In his analysis of the revolutions, Evans argues that the army was not the key to the survival of the monarchy.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=7807982605772 (1982 words)

	Revolutions of 1848: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		EDSA Revolution The edsa revolution, also referred to as the people power revolution and the philippine revolution of 1986, was a mostly nonviolent mass demonstration in the philippines....
		July Revolution The french revolution of 1830, also known as the july revolution, was a revolt by the middle class against bourbon king charles x of francecharles x which forced him out of office and replaced him with the...
		Iranian Revolution The iranian revolution was the 1979 revolution that transformed iran from an autocratic pro-west monarchy under shah mohammad reza pahlavi to an islamic, theocratic democracy under the rule...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /r/revolutions_of_1848 (1274 words)

	E-Books : Transylvania, A Short History: 13: The Fight for Freedom, the Compromise, Dualism - Historical Text Archive
		When the fall of 1848 began, the Croatian troops of Jelai started their sneak attack against the Hungarian capital from the south and, in the east, Transylvania came to a boil.
		This area was both a bridge and a divider between the northern Slavs and the southern Slavs.
		The electoral system of 1848, while expanded on the basis of property, education, and other criteria, was still quite restrictive and not uniformly applied.
	www.historicaltextarchive.com /books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=14&cid=13 (6311 words)

	History of Hungary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Habsburg rulers pursued a re-settlement of ravaged areas with new immigrants from present-day Austria and Germany, from the northern and eastern parts of the country (present-day Slovakia and Romania), and from Serbia.
		The Habsburg Emperors and particularly the chancellor Metternich refused to implement reforms and this led to a national revolution.
		Image:Historic counties of Hungary.png Following the rise of resistance throughout the Hungarian kingdom, the rise of romantic nationalism among the various ethnicities, and foreign aggression from Prussia (1866), the Austrian leadership under Franz Joseph was desperate to calm the domestic political situation.
	www.educhy.com /index.php/History_of_Hungary (7152 words)

	The European Revolutions, 1848–1851 - Cambridge University Press
		Rather darker is another version of the 1848 revolutions, that views them primarily as farce, a revolution made by revolutionaries who were at best incompetent dilettantes, at worst cowards and blowhards who stole away from the scene when the going got rough.
		An analysis of the participants in the revolution and of the bases of their loyalties to different political doctrines is included, as is a section on a topic of recent considerable interest – the activities of women during the revolution.
		Even in areas that were, by the standards of the day, heavily urbanized and industrialized, such as the Düsseldorf District of the Prussian Rhine Province, or the Austrian province of Bohemia, farmers made up 40 and 55 percent of the regions’ respective labor forces.
	www.cambridge.org /uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521839076&ss=exc (2678 words)

	Civil Liberties and the 1848 Revolutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Civil Liberties and the 1848 Revolutions The first reactions of the rulers of Europe to the revolutionary outbreaks of 1848 were panic and loss of nerve.
		In many areas where constitutions or popular voting were implemented for the first time, strikingly liberal suffrage laws were introduced, as in Denmark where over 15% of the population was enfranchised under the 1849 constitution and in Austria and Prussia where constituent assemblies were elected by universal male suffrage.
		Finally, in many ways the 1848 revolutions established a civil liberties agenda that was to play a major, and sometimes dominant role in European domestic politics for the next seventy years.
	cscwww.cats.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ac/civillib.htm (1193 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas
		The events of 1848 and 1849 were the product of mounting social and political tensions after the Congress of Vienna of 1815.
		News of the outbreak of revolution in Paris arrived as a new national cabinet took power under Kossuth, and the Diet approved a sweeping reform package, referred to as the "April Laws", that essentially created an autonomous national kingdom of Hungary with the Habsburg Emperor as its king.
		New democratic initiatives in Italy in the spring of 1848 led to a renewed conflict with Austrian forces in the provinces of Lombardy and Venetia.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Habsburg_areas (2451 words)

	The_Revolutions_of_1848_in_France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As 1848 began, liberals in France awaited the death of King Louis Philippe, expecting a new revolution after his death.
		A wind of revolution blows, the storm is on the horizon."'' Lacking the property qualifications to vote, the middle classes were about to erupt, tired of hearing Prime Minister Guizot say, "Get rich, then you can vote." Corruption stretched from the Prime Minister to small shopkeepers with dishonest weights.
		After the revolution, the new provisional government, called the Second Republic, was wildly disorganized.
	q-basic.xodox.de /The_Revolutions_of_1848_in_France (1175 words)

	The Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Paris Revolution filtered over to Vienna raising the already-insistent calls for liberal The Habsburg Court pressured Chancellor Metternich to down in order to placate the subject and he resigned on March 13 1848 fleeing to England.
		But the Revolution unemployment over 1847 and Vienna seemed in reign of terror; there was a crime The Habsburgs were pushed towards reform though but a short time.
		Something had to give and here a few of the real accomplishments of revolution -- the oppressive feudal system under which the peasants (the of the population) toiled was reduced; the robot rule of service to one's lord abolished and some hereditary rights of the were cut.
	www.freeglossary.com /The_Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Habsburg_areas (1268 words)

	1848
		Established in 1848 by J.E. McClure and A.H. Hayes, the New Orleans Crescent...
		Between 1803 and 1848 the Irish population mobilized in one of the first mass...
		The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was one of many revolutions that year and closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas.
	www.tapgoogle.com /1848 (238 words)

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