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Topic: The Saga of Eric the Red

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Eric the Red

Leif Ericson

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	Nordic Culture > Leif Ericson and Vinland - Scandinavica.com
		According to the Saga of Eric the Red, his ship first stopped in the Hebrides Isles, Scotland, where he was a guest of the lord of the island and married his daughter, Thorgunna.
		The discovery of new lands on the eastern coast of North America is recorded in the Saga of Eric the Red and in the Saga of the Greenlanders, written in Iceland around the year 1200.
		Eric the Red explores and colonizes Greenland in 985 and North America is explored by Leif Ericsson in 1000.
	www.scandinavica.com /culture/history/vinland.htm (1689 words)

	Eric the Red (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Eric was born in the year 950 A.D. in Jaeren, in southern Norway.
		He was born Eric Thorvaldson, but was called Eric the Red because of his red hair.
		Eric reached the east coast of present day Greenland and continued around the southern tip to the west coast.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /vikings/ericred.htm (848 words)

	Northvegr - The Norse Discovery of America
		Eric's son, Thorstein, wooed and married Gudrid, and the wedding was celebrated at Brattahlid in the autumn.
		Styr gave Eric his support, as did also Eyiolf of Sviney, Thorbiorn, Vifil's son, and the sons of Thorbrand of Alptafirth; while Thorgest was backed by the sons of Thord the Yeller, and Thorgeir of Hitardal, Aslak of Langadal and his son, Illugi.
		It is claimed that Eric's home was upon the northern side of the island, at the head of a small bay or creek, called Eiriksvágr, and it is stated that low mounds can still be seen on both Öxney and Sudrey, which are supposed to indicate the sites of Eric's dwellings.
	www.northvegr.org /lore/norse/007.php (3652 words)

	LEIF ERICSSON (LEIFR EIRIKSSON) - LoveToKnow Article on LEIF ERICSSON (LEIFR EIRIKSSON) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He was a son of Eric the Red (Eirikr hinn raudi Thorvaldsson), the founder of the earliest Scandinavian settlementsfrom Icelandin Greenland (985).
		Such is the account of the Saga of Eric the Red, supported by a number of briefer references in early Icelandic and other literature.
		1120), the oldest Icelandic historian; in the Kristni Saga (repeated in Snorri Sturlasons Heiinskringla); in Eyrbyggia Saga (c.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LE/LEIF_ERICSSON_LEIFR_EIRIKSSON_.htm (570 words)

	Eric the Red (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Eric the Red (A.D. 950?-1000?) was a Viking explorer who colonized Greenland.
		His name was Eric Thorvaldson, but he was called Eric the Red because of his red hair.
		Eric was born in Jaeren, in southern Norway.
	www.worldbook.com /features/explorers/html/early_erik.html (318 words)

	THE NORSE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Fabulous sagas there are in Icelandic literature, but this literature is by no means unique in the possession of works both of history and romance, nor has it been customary to regard works of fiction as discrediting the historical narratives of a people which has created both.
		Eric the Red [Eirekr enn Rauthi] was the name of the man, an inhabitant of Breidafirth, who went out thither from here, and settled at that place, which has since been called Ericsfirth [Eiriksfiorthr].
		The saga therein contained has no title contemporary with the text, but Arni Magnusson has inserted, in the space left vacant for the title, the words: "Here begins the Saga of Thorfinn Karlsefni and Snorri Thorbrandsson," although it is not apparent whether he himself invented this title, or derived it from some now unknown source.
	home.no /nordveg/ebok/norsediscovery.htm (6676 words)

	Gun and Game Forums - Amerigo Vespucci
		Eric the Red was the name of a man from Breidafjord who went there from here and took possession of land in the place which has since been called Ericsfjord.
		The saga says that Eric was reluctant to have anything to do with it, but his wife Thjodhildur was converted immediately and had a church built at some distance from the farm buildings.
		The Saga of Greenlanders tells how Bjarni Herjolfsson, the son of a settler in Greenland, was the first to see the new countries when he lost his course in fog while sailing to Greenland, and how Leif Ericsson later explored them and gave them their names.
	www.gunandgame.com /forums/showthread.php?t=16693 (2384 words)

	seid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In Örvar-Odd's Saga, however, the cloak is fl, yet the seidkhona also carries the distaff (which has the power (allegedly) of causing forgetfulness in one who is tapped three times on the cheek by it).
		A justification for this may be found in the Ynglinga saga where Snorri opines that following the practice of seid, the practitioner was rendered weak and helpless.
		In the Viking Age, seid was considered ergi (shameful) for men as its manipulative aspects ran counter to the male ideal of forthright, open behaviour.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Seid.html (470 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pre-Columbian Discovery of America
		The discoverer was Eric the Red, who named the icy coasts Greenland, to induce his Icelandic countrymen to colonize the land, As to the date, Ari learned that it was the fourteenth or fifteenth winter before the formal introduction of Christianity into Iceland (1000), i.
		According to the first two sagas, Vinland was discovered by Leif, a son of Eric the Red, while on his homeward voyage from Norway to fulfill the commission of King Olaf to preach Christianity in Greenland.
		The rules of historical criticism have, accordingly, given precedence to the Thorfinn and Eric sagas, but it must not be overlooked that the Olaf saga mentions in addition three lands discovered to the southwest of Greenland, of which the first was stony, the second wooded, and the third rich in wine.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01416a.htm (7713 words)

	Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
		According to one of the two main sources on the Vinland voyages (Saga of Eric the Red), he spent some time at the court of King Olaf Tryggvesson of Norway in the year 1000, was baptized, and returned to Greenland with a priest to undertake the conversion of its inhabitants to Christianity.
		For many years the Saga of Eric the Red has been preferred but fresh research in recent years has to a considerable extent re-established the view that the Saga of the Greenlanders is the older, written probably about A.D. 1200 i.e., 50 to 75 years before that of Eric.
		It must be said that both sagas are too vague, too confused, and too brief in their accounts of the course followed by the Icelanders to Vinland, of the geographical and topographical features, of the flora and fauna, and so on, to enable positive identification.
	www.biographi.ca /EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=34468 (1106 words)

	Erik the Red Biography
		Erik the Red (Eiríkur Rauði c.950-1003) was the founder of the first Nordic settlement in Greenland (long before it had been named Greenland, it had been inhabited by the Inuit people) and father of Leifur "the Lucky" Eiríksson (Leif Ericson).
		Born in Norway, he was the son of Þorvaldur (notice that the letter at the beginning of this first name is a thorn) Ásvaldsson (Thorvald Asvaldsson), and was also called Erik Torvaldsson (or Eiríkur Þorvaldsson).
		According to The Saga of Eric the Red, he spent three years in outlawry (his period of banishment) exploring the coast of Greenland, and then returned to Iceland with tall stories about this new-found land.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Erik_the_Red.html (407 words)

	The Vinland Sagas
		The story of the Vinland settlement is told in two sagas, the Saga of Eric the Red and the Saga of the Greenlanders.
		There is some matching of the details of the story in the two sagas but there are also discrepancies between the two versions of the story.
		One member of the second expedition was Freydis, an illegitimate daughter of Eric the Red and hence a half sister to Lief Ericson.
	www.applet-magic.com /saga.htm (1354 words)

	The Voyages to Vinland. 1909-14. American Historical Documents, 1000-1904. The Harvard Classics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Heriulf settled at Heriulfsness, and was a most distinguished man. Eric the Red dwelt at Brattahlid, where he was held in the highest esteem, and all men paid him homage.
		Leif invited his father, Eric, to become the leader of the expedition, but Eric declined, saying that he was then stricken in years, and adding that he was less able to endure the exposure of sea life than he had been.
		It is now to be added that Freydis, Eric’s daughter, set out from her home at Gardar, and waited upon the brothers, Helgi and Finnbogi, and invited them to sail with their vessel to Wineland, and to share with her equally all of the good things which they might succeed in obtaining there.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/43/1.html (5111 words)

	Icelanders discover Greenland & Vínland (North America) (the s.c.nordic FAQ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		There are also two colorful sagas, Grænlendinga Saga (The Saga of the Greenlanders) and Eiríks saga rauða (The Saga of Eric the Red), but these were composed only in the early 13th century and are often fanciful and contradict each other in places.
		The Saga of the Greenlanders attributes the first sighting of America to Bjarni Herjólfsson who had emigrated with Eiríkr the Red to Greenland, although Bjarni didn't actually set foot on Vínland; the Saga of Eiríkr the Red, on the other hand, says that the discovery was made by Leifr the Lucky, Eiríkr's son.
		According to one saga, he was then commissioned by King Olaf I to convert the Greenlanders to Christianity, but he was blown off course, missed Greenland, and reached North America (this story, however, is now known to be fiction, made by up by an Icelandic priest called Gunnlaugr in the 13th century).
	www.lysator.liu.se /nordic/scn/faq532.html (1588 words)

	Will Eric the Red return?
		The Reds are expected to suffer their fourth straight losing season in 2004.
		The Reds are expected to name their new manager by the end of this month, and Miley is regarded as a strong candidate.
		He also said the Reds have gotten away from their core philosophy of developing players for the roles they are going to fill on the big-league level.
	reds.enquirer.com /2003/11/23/red1e.html (856 words)

	Orthodox Christians in North America 1000 Years Ago (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Thus, the Icelandic Kristni Saga and the Saga of Olaf Tryggvason relate how, at his behest, the Christian faith was brought to the Norse settlers in Iceland in about the year 999.
		In 1117, a Bishop Eric Gnupsson set sail for Vinland from Greenland, where he was papal legate, commissioned by Pope Pascal II to spread papal control of Scandinavia and the North.
		From the precise directions, distances and descriptions given in the sagas, it is now clear that the Helluland of the sagas, the land of flat stones and glaciers, is Baffin Island, Canadian territory scarcely two hundred nautical miles from the closest point of Greenland.
	www.roca.org /oa/151/151g.htm (2452 words)

	Search Results for "saga" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		saga, in Old Norse Literature, in Old Norse literature, especially Icelandic and Norwegian, narrative in prose or verse, centering on a legendary or historical figure...
		Saga, city, Japan, (sa´ga) (KEY), city (1990 pop.
		A modern prose narrative that resembles a saga.
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=saga (268 words)

	AllRefer.com - Leif Ericsson (Explorers, Travelers, And Conquerors) - Encyclopedia
		probably in Iceland; son of Eric the Red.
		In another version of the story, interpolated in the "Saga of Olaf Tryggvason" in the Flateyjarbok, Leif completed his mission to Greenland, set out from there c.1002 on a voyage to western lands, discovered several places, and settled for a winter in Vinland.
		This account is much more detailed, but the account in the "Saga of Eric the Red" is more widely accepted.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/LeifEric.html (305 words)

	The Saga of Eric the Red
		Eric the Red, who had lived in Norway, moved with his father to Iceland.
		Eric was found guilty for that and was judged to become an exile from Iceland.
		Eric and his wife had two sons named Þorsteinn and Leifur.
	www.fva.is /~vinland/english/eriksaga.html (837 words)

	Greenland Sagas
		Most of the information in sagas and other literature focuses on daily life but not on the final fate of these remote settlers.
		The saga tells us that when Erik the Red came to the deep grass-fringed fjords of southwest Greenland and a second region 200 miles to the north, he took for his own the best land in what became known as the Eastern Settlement.
		According to The Saga of Eric the Red, Greenland was first sighted when a sailor named Gunnbjorn was blown westward and sighted high mountains and low rocky skerries in ice-strewn seas while hunting walrus west of Iceland.
	www.mnh.si.edu /vikings/voyage/subset/greenland/sagas.html (865 words)

	snarkout: vinlandia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		What the Norweigans and Swedes of Norway and Sweden (and Minnesota) had instead were folk tales, an oral tradition, sagas: the "Greenlanders' Saga" and the "Saga of Eric the Red".
		Vinland was discovered by Eric the Red's son Lief, and was a land of good timber.
		The sagas made it perfectly clear; Eric the Red's son reached America, and the first European born in America was named Snorri, not Virginia Dare.
	www.snarkout.org /archives/2004/08/09 (889 words)

	Leif Ericson Biography (from ODIN)
		The Saga of Eric the Red relates that he set sail for Norway in 999, served King Olav Trygvasson for a term, and was sent back to Greenland one year later to bring Christianity to its people.
		One of these is that Eiriksson, en route for Greenland, came off course, and quite by chance came to the shores of northwestern America in the year 1000, thus preceding Columbus by nearly 500 years.
		The saga tells that he fitted out an expedition and sailed west, in an attempt to gather proof of the claims made by the Icelandic trader Bjarni Herjulfsson.
	www.mnc.net /norway/ericson.htm (483 words)

	VINLAND FACTS AND INFORMATION
		These sagas were written down approximately 250 years after the settlement of Greenland and are open to significant interpretation.
		Rafn had made an exhaustive examination of the sagas, as well as potential settlement sites on the North American coast and concluded that Vinland was a real place in North America that had been settled by the Norse.
		Since the sagas were written later, an explanation for this could be that the sagas were somehow influenced by Adam of Bremen's account.
	www.whereintheworldisbush.com /Vinland (1476 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: The Discovery of North America by Leif Ericsson, c. 1000 from The Saga of Eric the Red, 1387
		The following account of the discovery of North America by Leif Ericsson is contained in the "Saga of Eric the Red"; and the present translation is that made by A. Reeves from the version of the Saga in the Flateyar-bok, compiled by Jon Thordharson about 1387.
		The part of the coast where Leif landed is much in dispute, the most recent investigations tending to the southern part of the coast of Labrador, though many scholars believe Vinland to have been on the New England shore.
		After the sixteen winters had lapsed, from the time when Eric the Red went to colonize Greenland, Leif, Eric's son, sailed out from Greenland to Norway.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1000Vinland.html (5224 words)

	Inventory of Conflict and Environment (ICE), VINELAND Case
		Eric the Red knew someone lived in North America.
		Around 980 AD, Eric the Red had explored and established a colony that eventually grew to 3,000 in size.
		"Climatologists have reinforced what the sagas tell us: during the eleventh and twelfth centuries ice was virtually unknown in the waters between Iceland and the Viking settlements in Greenland, and the temperature in these settled areas was 2 degrees centigrade to 4 degrees warmer than at present.
	www.american.edu /TED/ice/vineland.htm (5153 words)

	The Norse Discovery of America: Book I. Arguments and Proofs That Support the Claim of Norse Discovery of America: ...
		It is related in the Eyrbyggja Saga that a certain Biorn Asbrandsson became involved in an intrigue with a married woman named Thurid, which resulted in his wounding the affronted husband and slaying two of the husband's friends, for which he was banished from Iceland for the term of three years.
		Further on in the same saga we read of the fortuitous discovery of this same Biorn by certain of his fellow-countrymen, and as the account of their strange meeting contains the sole description of this unknown land, it may best be given in the words of the saga.
		These notices necessarily partake of the character of the sagas in which they appear, and as these sagas are in a greater or less degree pure fictions, the references cannot be regarded as possessing much historical value.
	www.sacred-texts.com /neu/nda/nda10.htm (1596 words)

	Eric the Red (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Discussing the voyages of both Eric the Red and his son, Leif Ericson.
		The ruins of what is believed to be the farm of Eric the Red.
		Telling the story of Eric The Red's exploits in historical context.
	www.ontalink.com /archaeology/vikings/eric_the_red.html (65 words)

	Fiske Icelandic Collection part of national exhibit
		The 10 major sections of the exhibition will present the sagas themselves, feature the various periods of their development, and examine their influence on western culture in the past and present.
		The Icelandic sagas rank alongside the masterpieces of western civilization, as precious a contribution to literary history as the writings of the Greeks and Romans.
		The life of Gudridur Thorbjarnardottir is corroborated in both "The Saga of Eric the Red" and the "Greenlanders' Saga," according to Patrick J. Stevens, the Fiske Collection curator who co-wrote the exhibition's brochure.
	www.news.cornell.edu /Chronicle/00/5.4.00/Icelandic_collec.html (764 words)

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