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Topic: The Silk Route

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	Silk Road - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Silk road is a translation from the German Seidenstraße, the term first used by German geographer Ferdinand von Richthofen during 1877.
		Though the originating source seems sufficiently reliable, silk unfortunately degrades very rapidly and we cannot double-check for accuracy whether it was actually cultivated silk (which would almost certainly have come from China) that was discovered or a type of "wild silk," which might have come from the Mediterranean region or the Middle East.
		The heyday of the Silk Road corresponds to that of the Byzantine Empire in its west end, Sassanid Empire Period to Il Khanate Period in the Nile-Oxus section and Three Kingdoms to Yuan Dynasty in the Sinitic zone in its east end.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Silk_Route (4655 words)

	Silk Road - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Silk road is a translation from the German Seidenstraße, the term first used by German geographer Ferdinand von Richthofen in the 19th century.
		The Silk Road is unlikely to have been travelled in entirety -- between Africa, Europe or the Middle East and China -- by land.
		The heyday of the Silk Road corresponds to that of the Byzantine Empire in its west end, Sasanid Period to Il Khanate Period in the Nile-Oxus section and Three Kingdoms to Yuan Dynasty in the Sinitic zone in its east end.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/s/i/l/Silk_road.html (4541 words)

	The Silk Route
		As intimated earlier, the Silk Route was a much-travelled series of ancient passageways that connected the civilizations of China, India, Persia, and Arabia with those from Greece and Rome, and thus promoted the interchange of trade and culture between East and West.
		It is often thought that the Romans had first encountered silk in one of their campaigns against the Parthians in 53 B.C, and came to realize that it could not have been produced by these relatively unsophisticated people.
		The height of the importance of the Silk Route was during the Tang period, although silk first appeared in Rome in 1 A.D., right around the time Buddhism began to spread from India into Central Asia and beyond.
	members.porchlight.ca /blackdog/route.htm (1349 words)

	The Silk Road
		The description of this route to the west as the `Silk Road' is somewhat misleading.
		The height of the importance of the Silk Road was during the Tang dynasty, with relative internal stability in China after the divisions of the earlier dynasties since the Han.
		The route of the Silk Road became important as a path for communication between different parts of the Empire, and trading was continued.
	www.ess.uci.edu /~oliver/silk.html (8680 words)

	Kazakstan -> General Information
		The Great Silk Route is one of the most significant achievements in the history of world civilization.
		Considering separate sections of the Silk Route, the beginning of thecontact and exchanges goes back to the third-second millennia B.C. These relations were established due to exploitation of lazurite in the Badakhshan Mountains and nephrite-upstream the river Yarkend-Darya in the Khotan area.
		Quite recently the discovery of silk weaving and its merchandising were considered to be related to the first millennium B.C. However, Chinese archaeologists, who made excavations in the province of Zhenjian near the Taihu lake, discovered silk cloths, girdles and yarn, relating to the Neolithic Age.
	members.tripod.com /~Dzhan/history/silkroute.html (571 words)

	The Silk Trade Route (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Silk Road or route was 4000 miles long it lasted from 500 BC to 1500 AD it was an important highway to transport goods, materials, and information between China, Europe, India, and the Near East.
		The silk was taken west and wool, gold, and silver was taken to the east.
		When Rome fell, the route wasn't safe anymore; someone that you might know that used this road was Marco Polo that used it in the 13th century.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/essays/dbq/docs/dqsilkroadje.htm (260 words)

	Design Migration on the Silk Route: Food For Thought... From A Chinese Menu
		Silk was a later addition to the trade caravans along this route.
		The point is that there was a significant volume of trade over the silk route from Egypt to China that goes back for at least thirty-five hundred years and probably much further.
		Persian Sassanid silk weavings were a major influence in the shift in weaving that occurred during the Han Dynasty in China.
	www.rugreview.com /chinmenu.htm (1391 words)

	Silk Route Phytosolutions
		Silk Route Phytosolutions was founded to combine trade and development for the good of humanity's poorest nations.
		Silk Route Phytosolutions wants to enable the body of global citizens to directly, and individually improve the lot of humanity's poor and destitute, beyond simple financial donations.
		Silk Route Phytosolutions aims to achieve this by engaging in trade that benefits communities in developing nations and carrying out sustainable development activities.
	www.silkroute-phytosolutions.com /index.html (327 words)

	The Silk Route (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Instead, Muslims marched the Silk Road for trade and for the glory of Allah and today it is often called the most evil road in the world due to drug trafficking and Mafia activity.
		His intention has always been that this trade route should be a highway for the gospel.
		Our experience is that many people along this route are becoming more open to the truth of God and that there is now a great thirst for the Holy Spirit.
	homepages.stayfree.co.uk /lesta/silroute.htm (435 words)

	Silk Routes
		Xinjiang is located in the center of the Eurasian Continent and had been a hub on the ancient silk road which began in the east, in Chang`an, the ancient capital of China,and stretched all the way to the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, with almost half of the road in the territory of Xinjiang.
		Within Xinjiang are the three trunk route of the Silk Road--the central silk route, the southern silk route, and the northern silk route.
		The northern silk route was also known as the "new northern rout ".
	www.muztagh.com /silk_routes.htm (329 words)

	Silk Route, China
		This region was part of some of China's earliest dynasties and from the third century BC on was traversed by the famous Silk Road.
		The Silk Road, passing east-west through this image, was an ancient trade route that led across Central Asia's desert to Persia, Byzantium and Rome.
		The multi-frequency, multi-polarized radar imagery was acquired on orbit 106 of the space shuttle Endeavour on April 16, 1994 by the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar.
	www.solarviews.com /cap/earth/niya.htm (334 words)

	The Silk Route, Ladies Clothing, Kelso Scotland, Scottish Borders UK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Silk Route has been established for the last ten years in The Horsemarket, Kelso, and specialises in high quality garments for ladies of all ages; individually hand-made in silks and tweeds, and ranging in sizes from 8 - 18.
		Cocktail and evening dresses, skirts and tops are made from luxurious velvets, plain and embroidered silks, devore, beaded and embroidered silk chiffon and silk tartan, and are all fully lined in silk.
		The Silk Route also stocks a wide range of hats for all occasions in felt, straw, silk and feathers.
	www.kelso.bordernet.co.uk /business/silkroute.html (216 words)

	Xuanzang And The Silk Route (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Speaking on the occasion he said the Silk Route that was a highway for merchandise became a highway of knowledge because Xuanzang had taken the route.
		S.K. Pathak from Shantiniketan, spoke on 'Sanskritism had moved forward the Silk Routes when Xuanzang traversed' said among the Buddhists, 'language liberation' pronounced by Gautama, the Buddha, opened a new vista of Sanskrit used by the Sarvastivadins who moved through the Silk Route upto the iddle kingdom of East Asia, China, by the Christian era.
		V.C. Srivastav, Director, Indian Institute of Advanced Studies, Shimla, in his paper on 'Maitreya on the Silk Route' said the development of an intensive cult of Maitreya in Afghanistan and throughout the pilgrim route from Afghanistan to China through Central Asia may be understood in terms of socio-religious crisis that the region had been facing.
	ignca.nic.in /nl002507.htm (1419 words)

	A.T. Gregorian Oriental Rugs - Silk Route (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Similarly, the Silk Route influenced life and played an economic role in European incursion into the Middle East and Asia throughout history.
		From the seventh century onward, silk was shipped from China to Constantinople, and from there transported to trading centers in Greece, Italy, Spain and France.
		In the 13th century, Marco Polo made the Silk Route famous as an early trading caravan route stretching from Europe to China.
	www.atgregorian.com /ex_ccsilkroute.html (317 words)

	Silk Route By Rail - Introduction
		The route took in sandy deserts, the beautiful and ancient silk route cities of Bukhara and Samarkand, snow-capped mountains and the sub-tropical greenery of southern China.
		At the time of my 1988 trip I was aware that a new railway was being built between Kazakstan (then part of the USSR) and China, and when some friends suggested a trip to China in 1997, we gave some thought to going this way then (the railway had been completed in 1992).
		However, we were put off by tales of it taking months to get all the required visas, and settled for the more usual Trans-Siberian route, which was much easier to organise.
	www.johndarm.clara.net /silkroute/intro.html (329 words)

	The Silk Route
		In fact, the Silk route is the oldest connection between China and Europe.
		It is a network of varies routes that in general run between China and Europe and is determined by compelling shapes of mountains, deserts and steppe, although local conflicts and plundering nomads made it no more than luxury to choose alternative routes mostly.
		When the Chinese fought back and opened their borders again, trading on the Silk route flourished as never before: carpets, fur, metals, precious stones, plants for medical use, henna, horses, several fruits, grapes, wine, and, as I would assume, probably some not in books mentioned products and services.
	home.planet.nl /~raythu/silkroute.htm (1064 words)

	Media Ventures: Traveling China's Silk Road: Route
		Traveling over 6,000 miles along China’s ancient northern and southern Silk Road routes, this odyssey is a unique passage into a vast, remote corner of the most populous country on earth.
		The southern route is less modern and marked by ancient cities that have succumbed to the desert sands and retreating rivers.
		As they continue across the southern Silk Route, travel becomes uncertain as a shifting desert and mountainous landslides destroy the road routinely.
	www.adventure-video.com /taklimakan/route.html (538 words)

	Silk Route Beauty Products - Soap & Cosmetics manufacturer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Silk Route Beauty Products is a leading manufacturer of beauty soaps in the United Arab Emirates.
		Silk Route's state-of-the-art manufacturing facility can be compared with the best in the world today.
		Silk Route soaps, in particular, offer good value for money for those looking for international quality products at budget prices.
	www.africa-business.com /profiles/silkroute.html (598 words)

	Channel 4 - History - The Silk Route (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		As well as the horses, they brought back many objects – in particular, religious artwork from what is now north-west Pakistan – for the emperor in his capital at Changan (now Xian).
		The Silk Route as it is known today essentially came into being from the 1st century BC, following efforts by China to consolidate a channel of communication and trade to the Western world.
		Chinese traders escorted their merchandise probably as far as Dunhuang or beyond the Great Wall to Loulan, where it was sold or bartered to increasingly important intermediaries.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/H/history/n-s/silkroute2.html (465 words)

	Electronic Passport to the Silk Road
		The primary trade route between China and the west was the Silk Road, a 4,000-mile caravan route through South Asia and the Middle East.
		The Silk Road was also a route for the exchange of information and ideas.
		Mongol armies used the Silk Road in the thirteenth century to expand their empire.
	www.mrdowling.com /613-silkroad.html (207 words)

	Exploring World History Along the Silk Route
		Upper elementary students could place a string on the map to closely follow the silk route indicated on the map, measure the length of the string, and then multiply their length in inches by 500 miles per inch.
		Then approximate how long it would take to travel that route by truck if the driver actually drives for 10 hours per day and can average 50 miles per hour (assume that there are no problems passing from one country to another).
		The focus here was on mathematical tasks, but we believe that teachers who read The Silk Route will find a treasure of other possible activities and investigations that are appropriate for the students that they teach.
	fcit.coedu.usf.edu /math/resource/articles/silkrte.htm (1682 words)

	China Silk Route - 9 Days - Orient Asia - Goway Travel Experiences
		It was the trading route between Europe and the Far East.
		One of the main exports from China was silk hence the name of this particular route.
		Visit today, the ancient Jiaohe city, a place that one had to pass through on the Silk Road, originally established in the 2 nd Century AD and abandoned in the 14 th Century.
	www.goway.com /orientasia/china/silk_route.html (966 words)

	China Silk Road tour archaeology - China Silk Route tours through China and Central Asia - Silk Road Travel - tour the ...
		Filled with one of the most extensive and exquisite collections of Buddhist paintings and sculptures in the world, every surface of the walls and ceilings is covered with decorated stucco, meant to bless those departing on the next stage of their journey or to celebrate a successful return.
		Day 7: The Silk Route was dependent for its existence and survival upon a line of oases strategically sited along the edge of the forbidding Taklamakan Desert.
		It fell to the Arabs in the 8th century, and grew wealthy on the proceeds of the caravan trade that traveled the route between China and the West until conquered by Genghis Khan in the early 13th century.
	www.farhorizon.com /Southeast_Asia/china-silk-route.htm (3434 words)

	eBay - Book: The Silk Route (ISBN: 0064434680) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Silk has long been considered a symbol of wealth and luxury.
		With lavish illustrations and a highly informative text, The Silk Routetraces the early history of the silk trade-from the mulberry groves of China to the marketplace in Byzantium-and explores how two of the world's greatest empires were brought together, forever opening the channels of commerce between East and West.
		This well-matched pair explores an unusual picture-book topic: the Silk Route, which ran from the Chinese city of Chang'an to the European capital of Byzantium during the Tang Dynasty (618-906).
	product.ebay.com /The-Silk-Route_ISBN_0064434680_W0QQfvcsZ1388QQsoprZ22880 (389 words)

	Silk Route - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Silk Route - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Silk Route, also called Silk Road, the name given by modern scholars to the ancient Central Asian trade routes linking China to the Mediterranean....
		One of the most notable early examples of long-distance commerce was the Silk Route between China and imperial Rome, first established around 100 bc...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Silk_Route.html (113 words)

	MIR Corporation - Silk Route Odyssey: Caravan from Fergana to Khiva
		East Boothbay, ME The center of Central Asia, Uzbekistan is home to three of the most renowned of the Silk Road oases - Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva.
		Bordered by the Tien Shan Mountains, the valley is an oasis of cotton fields and melon plantations, dotted with ancient villages distinguished for their silk production and their ceramic tiles.
		Historically a home to poets and merchants, its densely inhabited ancient city center is a maze of mud-walled homes, mosques and stone-walled bazaars.
	www.mircorp.com /tour_sro.asp (376 words)

	InfoHub - the Silk Route ?
		The Silk Route is 12,000 km of caravan trails, across plateaus, steppes and hostile desserts like the Gobi and Taklamakan Desserts..
		As most of the work knows, silkroute has been the ancient travel and transport route of silk traders from china entering the subcontinent.
		Now what we call Pakistan, the silk route snakes throught the mighty mountains of the karakoram, passing by greatest three ranges of the world, karkoram,himalayas and the hindukush.
	www.infohub.com /forums/showthread.php?p=8134 (574 words)

	silk: History
		Sericulture (the culture of the silkworm) and the weaving of silk have been practiced in China from a remote period.
		Silk seems to have been woven very early on the island of Kós, which Aristotle mentions, in a vague description of the silkworm, as the place where silk was “first spun,” In the 1st and 2d cent.
		Early attempts were made in England under Henry VI to establish the silk industry, but it was not until the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, when many French refugee weavers fled to England, that the industry received a real impetus.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0861091.html (524 words)

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