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Topic: Sprawl

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	USATODAY.com - A comprehensive look at sprawl in America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In fact, sprawl can occur when the population in a metropolitan area is shrinking.
		The forces of water and geography are evident in the sprawl index.
		The USA TODAY Sprawl Index is based on a simple, measurable definition of sprawl: population density.
	www.usatoday.com /news/sprawl/main.htm (775 words)

	Urban sprawl - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Urban sprawl is a term for the expansive, rapid, and sometimes reckless, growth of a greater metropolitan area, traditionally suburbs (or exurbs) over a large area.
		Sprawl consumes much more land than traditional urban developments because new developments are of low density.
		In addition, urban sprawl often consumes land that would otherwise be used for "natural" purposes, such as wildlife reserves, forests, agriculture and recreation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Urban_sprawl (3212 words)

	Chesapeake Bay Foundation - Save the Bay: Growth, Sprawl and the Chesapeake Bay: Facts About Growth and Land Use
		Sprawl produces from five to seven times the sediment and phosphorus as a forest and nearly twice as much sediment and nitrogen as compact development.
		Maryland alone is losing nearly 30,000 acres of land each year to sprawl; and could lose 700,000 acres (more than 1,000 square miles, an area 10 times the size of the City of Baltimore) of valuable agricultural and forest land in the next 25 years.
		Sprawl accelerates the decline of cities and towns.
	www.cbf.org /site/PageServer?pagename=resources_facts_sprawl (883 words)

	Sprawl City
		In Detroit, 100% of the sprawl was caused by non-population factors.
		The entire cause of Detroit's sprawl was a complex of factors that lead to an increase in urban land consumption per person (in other words, that lead to declining density).
		The fact that Detroit's sprawl is unrelated to population growth sometimes is taken to mean that the sprawl of other cities is also unrelated to population growth.
	www.sprawlcity.org /detroit.html (832 words)

	Sprawl City
		Overall, 95% of the total sprawl in California from 1970-1990 was related to population growth., indicating that most Urbanized Areas in California succeed in stopping increases in per capita land consumption.
		"Sprawl in California" was presented at the CAPS 2000 Conference at the University of Southern California on August 13, 2000.
		About half of all sprawl nationwide is related to U.S. population growth and the other half is related to land use choices, according to the results of this ground-breaking scientific analysis of U.S. Bureau of the Census data on the 100 largest Urbanized Areas of the United States.
	www.sprawlcity.org (971 words)

	Urban sprawl - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Urban sprawl (also called suburban sprawl and occasionally Los Angelization) describes the growth of a metropolitan area, particularly the suburbs, over a large area.
		After an explosion of sprawl in the later half of the 20th century in the United States, some financial drawbacks were also recognized with this growth pattern.
		They claim that segregated and stratified development was institutionalized in the early 1950s and 60s with the financial industries' illegal process of redlining neighborhoods to prevent certain people from entering and residing in a district.
	www.pasadena.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Urban_sprawl (2468 words)

	NRDC: Solving Sprawl
		Sprawl -- the blighted landscape of cookie-cutter suburbs, strip malls, and far too many highways that has spread across so much of America -- is a hot topic.
		And while these effects are plainly visible, sprawl also carries a large hidden price tag: It places fiscal burdens on cities and towns to extend services and infrastructure -- new telephone lines, sewers, police and fire service -- to outlying areas, even as their downtowns are drained of economic vitality.
		The battle against sprawl is not a battle against economic growth -- it's a fight for growth that's done right.
	www.nrdc.org /cities/smartGrowth/nsolve.asp (819 words)

	Beyond Sprawl: New Patterns of Growth to Fit the New California (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Allowing sprawl may be politically expedient in the short run, but in the long run it will make California economically uncompetitive and create social, environmental and political problems we may not be able to solve.
		Sprawling suburbs may be cheaper in the short-term for individuals and families who buy houses in new communities, but their "hidden" costs may ultimately be passed on to taxpayers in a variety of ways.
		Sprawl makes it more difficult to resolve these land conservation issues by putting tremendous development pressure on the supply of remaining open land.
	www.rut.com /misc/beyondSprawl.html (4537 words)

	The Case Against Sprawl
		"Sprawl" is defined by the National Trust for Historic Preservation as "poorly planned, low-density, auto-oriented development that spreads out from the center of communities." It creates that doughnut effect in some cities where acrylic and asphalt suburban shopping malls form a ring around the dead center, where the old downtown sits decaying.
		This acceleration of sprawl has surfaced enormous social, environmental and economic costs, which until now have been hidden, ignored, or quietly borne by society.
		Sprawl is often mistaken for economic development, and the people it affects the most are least likely to understand it.
	www.sprawl-busters.com /caseagainstsprawl.html (3950 words)

	Sprawl's effects felt far and wide \| ajc.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		That's the general conclusion of a study showing that sprawl, a catchphrase for the type of unchecked development that's common in metro Atlanta and elsewhere, can lead to increased rates of chronic illness.
		In that sense, sprawl may also contribute to the disengagement from civic and charitable activities that's debilitating for the individual and the larger community.
		Sprawl has also shown to be unhealthy for forests, waterways and other living things because of the way it devours land and limited resources.
	www.ajc.com /opinion/content/opinion/0904/28sprawl.html (428 words)

	Breaking Issue: Sprawl Brawl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Sprawl typically conjures up images of strip malls and megastores, traffic congestion, long commutes, lost open space, pollution, crowded schools, higher taxes, and the demise of downtown shopping areas.
		The war on sprawl is inspired by the "New Urbanism" or "Smart Growth" movement, a broad-based coalition of planners, architects, environmentalists, transit agencies, downtown business interests, central city governments, and engineering and construction firms.
		Opponents of the New Urbanism argue that sprawl has not degraded the quality of life, and that some business interests, environmentalists and politicians are using the anti-sprawl message to conceal their own narrow agendas.
	reason.com /bisprawl.html (819 words)

	The Sprawl Lobby
		Unless sprawl haters understand the politics of sprawl and the power of the sprawl lobby, huge population increases by mid-century will render it impossible to save the public green spaces, clean air and water, rural lifestyles, farmland and social capital that Virginians so value.
		Closely aligned because they benefit so much from the sprawl land-development paradigm, which includes ever rising levels of vehicle ownership and mileage as well as sedentary health problems and mental stress, are the fast food, automobile, petroleum, and pharmaceutical industries.
		Long ago, sprawl interests understood that they had to spend money to control local planning and zoning systems to keep sprawl land development’s primacy.
	www.baconsrebellion.com /Issues04/01-19/Sprawl_lobby.htm (772 words)

	Lesson Plans - What to Do About Sprawl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		They will read an article excerpt about sprawl and visit a virtual suburb to compare and contrast sprawl with "New Urbanism." Students will conclude by analyzing the evidence for sprawl in an Atlanta suburb and making recommendations for how that town can minimize sprawl's impact.
		Have students take a tour through the "New Suburb" to see examples of sprawl and what modern planners call "New Urbanism." Explain that New Urbanism is a movement to develop modern suburbs that resemble older city centers and towns.
		Their research should focus on the evidence that sprawl is indeed a problem in this location and the potential consequences for that sprawl.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /xpeditions/lessons/12/g68/sprawlwhat.html (1638 words)

	Sprawl Guide: Definitions of Sprawl
		One of the earliest uses of the word "sprawl" in terms of land use was in a 1937 speech by Earle Draper, then director of planning for the Tennessee Valley Authority: "Perhaps diffusion is too kind of word.
		"Sprawl is NOT the consumption of farms and green space.
		"Sprawl may be defined as inflation, over time, in the amount of land area consumed per unit of human activity, and the degree of dispersal between such land areas, brought about as the avoidable consequence of society's use of automobiles.
	www.plannersweb.com /sprawl/define.html (635 words)

	Earthday 2000
		Human sprawl threatens the habitat of most animal and plant species — except for cockroaches, rats, pigeons, crabgrass and other organisms that thrive with mankind.
		Sprawl is understandable, maybe even unavoidable, in countries where the population is still growing rapidly.
		"Sprawl costs taxpayers dollars to support new infrastructure, costs natural resources that we know are not unlimited, and costs us as a society in lost opportunities to invest in our existing communities and neighborhoods." No one has an easy way to eliminate sprawl, but there are at least four strategies for containing it:
	www.time.com /time/reports/earthday2000/urbansprawl01.html (656 words)

	Sprawl: The New Manifest Destiny?
		Sprawl first surfaced as a federal policy issue in the late 1990s, driven mainly by then-vice president Al Gore, who made it a centerpiece of his environmental platform.
		The correlation between sprawl and VMT is small, the report states, but sufficient to produce significant increases in vehicle emissions across metropolitan regions.
		The chief development alternative to emerge in response to sprawl is "smart growth." With its focus on urban revitalization and expanded transit options, smart growth seeks to make existing communities places that people want to live.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/2004/112-11/focus.html (2983 words)

	vermont forum on sprawl \| what is sprawl? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Sprawl is dispersed, auto-dependent development outside of compact urban and village centers, along highways, and in rural countryside.
		Sprawl is distinct from Vermont’s existing compact urban centers and villages which are...
		Sprawl has many quality of life and environmental impacts...
	www.vtsprawl.org /Learnabout/sprawl/whatissprawlmain.htm (68 words)

	PreserveNet: Stopping Suburban Sprawl
		Pittsburgh Area New Direction Alternative (PANDA): A comprehensive public policy platform with a strategy for stopping suburban sprawl and reversing regional decline in Pittsburgh, which is the only metropolitan area in the country to be losing population, yet has one of the highest rates of land conversion/consumption in the country.
		Sprawl Net: A forum devoted to the topic of urban sprawl, based at the Rice University School of Architecture in Houston, Texas.
		The Sprawl Net is primarily intended for professionals, students, and academics, though anyone may use it and anyone may submit works for inclusion.
	www.preservenet.com /politics/StopSprawl.html (747 words)

	It's the Sprawl, Y'all, Sojourners Magazine/May 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Many of the negative effects of sprawl are quickly evident - traffic congestion; loss of forest, open space, farmlands, and wetlands; time-consuming commutes.
		Sprawl can seem as impersonal and aggressive as a cancer - subdivisions, roads, and strip malls appear to replicate overnight, competing developments crowd one another out or metastasize miles away.
		While rural escapists and urban partisans may want to deny it, sprawl can’t be stopped only by those who hate it and want nothing to do with it.
	www.sojo.net /index.cfm?action=magazine.article&issue=soj0505&article=050512 (1355 words)

	Policy Review, September-October 1998 -- "Legends of the Sprawl" by Tyce Palmaffy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Sprawl is attacked in the most pungent terms imaginable.
		Sprawl is said to be unsustainable also because low-density living patterns leads to dramatically higher traffic congestion and "auto dependency." During the 1980s, for example, U.S. population increased by about 10 million, but the number of autos increased by more than 20 million.
		Throughout the West, Los Angeles is reviled as the epitome of sprawl and congested roadways.
	www.policyreview.com /sept98/sprawl.html (4136 words)

	:: Society :: Issues :: Environment :: Growth and Sprawl
		Sprawl Brawl - Skeptical commentaries and analysis about sprawl and growth planning from Reason, a libertarian journal.
		Sprawl City - Covers comsumption growth and population growth and their roles in urban sprawl.
		Sprawl Guide - Planners Web presents information and links dealing with urban sprawl and its consequences, including the loss of green space and the decay of older urban centers.
	www.localadsearch.com /Society/Issues/Environment/Growth_and_Sprawl (1021 words)

	SPRAWL ROBOTS!!
		The "Sprawl" family of hand-sized hexapedal robots are prototypes designed to test ideas about locomotion dynamics, leg design and leg arrangement and to identify areas that can be improved by Shape Deposition Manufacturing.
		Sprawl robots are some of the fastest (up to 5 body-lengths per second) and most robust (hip-height obstacles) legged robots out there.
		A salvaged Sprawl was redesigned with high-flowrate valves and flexible SDM leg-hip joints.
	www-cdr.stanford.edu /biomimetics/documents/sprawl (297 words)

	PBS - STORE WARS: Sprawl
		Due to poorly planned regional development, sprawl eats up prime agricultural land and open space, increases traffic and air pollution, drives up taxes and contributes to overpopulation.
		Another main factor leading to sprawl is the fact that every municipality is autonomous.
		Sprawling development on the outskirts of towns and cities has caused a number of other unexpected problems for rural, suburban and urban communities, including:
	www.pbs.org /itvs/storewars/sprawl.html (318 words)

	ME3 - Projects - Sprawl Resources and Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Sprawling of America - Transcript of a speech given by Richard Moe, president of the Trust, at the National Press Club on January 22,1999.
		It examines the history of sprawl and the public policies that gave rise to it, and explores a number of solutions, including growth boundaries and mixed use neighborhood development.
		Traffic Congestion Driven by Sprawl - This November 1999 report from finds that traffic congestion is getting worse in major American metropolitan areas because of sprawl and its impact on driving habits.
	www.me3.org /projects/sprawl (3011 words)

	Sprawl & the New Urbanism
		Sprawl and the New Urbanism is a selective bibliographic research guide to Internet sites and UC Berkeley library resources on sprawl and the New Urbansim.
		Wrestling sprawl to the ground: defining and measuring an elusive concept, by George Galster, et al.
		Suburban nation: the rise of sprawl and the decline of the American dream, by Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck.
	www.lib.berkeley.edu /ENVI/sprawl.html (1143 words)

	Sprawl - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The metropolitan region stretching from Boston to Atlanta in William Gibson's fiction, see The Sprawl.
		A sprawl is a defensive technique in wrestling and martial arts
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sprawl (99 words)

	David Suzuki Foundation: Climate Change: Driven to action
		Sprawl consumes large quantities of land, segregates houses from shops and workplaces, depends on cars, and has little regard for the natural environment.
		Canada sprawl is the largest driver of greenhouse gas emissions.
		Kyoto and Sprawl: This website highlights the connection between sprawl and climate change.
	www.davidsuzuki.org /Climate_Change/Sprawl.asp (367 words)

	Colorado Sprawl Action Center
		Unfortunately, the reality for the majority of our state’s citizens is increasingly becoming one of sprawling development, traffic jams, scarce water supplies and air pollution.
		The Colorado Sprawl Action Center works to assist and improve civic activism by providing citizens with the organizational tools and information they need to be long-term advocates for progressive development in their communities.
		We can help you win your struggle, whether you're working to stop sprawling development, strengthen your community's master plan, fight “big-box” retails and strip malls, expand alternative transportation, generate funds for open spaces, or increase affordable housing.
	www.sprawlaction.org (201 words)

	MHAL - Urban Sprawl
		Brueckner, Jan K. Urban Sprawl: Diagnosis and Remedies.
		The Bulldozer in the Countryside: Suburban Sprawl and the Rise of American Environmentalism.
		The Sprawling of America: In Defense of the Dynamic City.
	www.michigan.gov /hal/0,1607,7-160-18835_18897-52907--,00.html (914 words)

	Center for Immigration Studies
		Roy Beck is director of the NumbersUSA Education and Research Foundation, an Internet organization that tracks the role of each member of Congress in forcing or reducing U.S. population growth.
		He also runs SprawlCity.org, a website about consumption growth and population growth and their roles in urban sprawl.
		A graduate of the University of Missouri School of Journalism, he won national awards during the 1970s for his coverage of urban expansion issues, including honors from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Izaak Walton League.
	www.cis.org /articles/2003/sprawl.html (506 words)

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