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Topic: The Swing Movement in Nazi Germany

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	Germany. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Germany is a federal republic whose 16 states have their own constitutions, legislatures, and governments, which can pass laws on all matters except those that are the exclusive right of the federal government such as defense, foreign affairs, and finance.
		The chief theater of the war, Germany was reduced to misery and starvation, lost a large part of its population, and became, as a result of the Peace of Westphalia (1648; see Westphalia, Peace of), a loose confederation of petty principalities under the nominal suzerainty of the emperor.
		In Mar., 1936, Germany remilitarized the Rhineland in violation of the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ge/Germany.html (7504 words)

	Swing Kids - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Swing kids were initially basically apolitical, similar to the youthful rebellion in the history of rock and roll.
		Swing was tolerated to some degree at least until 1940, when a Swing festival, held in Hamburg, attracted over 500 youths.
		The strict regimentation of youth culture in Nazi Germany through the Hitler Youth led to the emergence of several underground protest movements, through which adolescents were able better to exert their independence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_Swing_Movement_in_Nazi_Germany (1237 words)

	Swing (music)
		Swing music, also sometimes known as Swing Jazz, is a form of jazz music that solidified as a distinctive style during the 1930s, in the United States.
		Swing music is distinguished primarily by a strong rhythm section, usually consisting of bass and drums, fast tempo, and the distinctive "swing" that's common to all forms of jazz.
		For one, the introduction of swing in the early thirties, with its strong rythms, loud tunes, and "swinging" style led to an explosion of creative dance in the fl community.
	www.jahsonic.com /Swing.html (1136 words)

	Shofar FTP Archives: people/r/rogow.sally/hitlers-unwanted-children
		Germany was one of the first countries in Europe to provide government sponsored public education for very young blind instead of relying upon charities (Lowenfeld, 198 1).
		Nazi bioscience and racialism were woven into all aspects of the social, health, and educational policies.
		Nazi biogenetic concepts also included social usefulness, (the ability to work) and conformity as measures of the worth of a human life and led to the division of entire German population was into two groups, "those who had genetic value" and those "who did not" (Peukert, 1987).
	www.nizkor.org /ftp.cgi/people/r/rogow.sally/hitlers-unwanted-children (10489 words)

	Germany -> History on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As a result of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 Bismarck attained his goal: William I of Prussia was proclaimed German emperor by the assembled German princes in the Palace of Versailles (1871).
		During 1945-47 there was a serious shortage of food, caused by the crippled state of the German economy and by poor harvests; this situation was intensified in W Germany by the arrival of about 10 million ethnic German refugees from the Soviet zone and the former German territories of E central Europe.
		In order to reduce the large flow of persons leaving East Germany (about 4 million during 1945-61), many of whom crossed from East to West Berlin, a wall was erected (Aug., 12-13, 1961) between the two parts of the city; it was later reinforced and enlarged.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Germany_History.asp (6707 words)

	Nazi Germany
		Nazi Germany commonly refers to Germany in the years between 1933 and 1945, when it was under the firm control of Adolf Hitler's dictatorship and the ideology of National Socialism (a variant of fascism and totalitarianism).
		The term Nazi is a short form of the German Nationalsozialismus; the ideology was institutionalized in the NSDAP, the Nazi Party.
		Germany attacked Yugoslavia and Greece in May of 1941 to assist their allies and prevent any possibility of disruption to the production of oil from their oilfields of Romania by hostile forces.
	usapedia.com /n/nazi-germany.html (1708 words)

	Widerstand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Widerstand (German: 'resistance') is the name given to the resistance movements in Nazi Germany.
		The last assassination attempt against Hitler, called the July 20 Plot, resulted in the capture and executions of more than 4,800 known or suspected opponents of his regime, effectively destroying the resistance movement.
		Gregor Schöllgen, A Conservative Against Hitler: Ulrich von Hassell, Diplomat in Imperial Germany, the Weimar Republic, and the Third Reich, 1881-1944 New York : St. Martin's Press, 1991, ISBN 0312057849.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/German_resistance_movement (425 words)

	Swing in Amreica and Germany: Lifting Up the Spirit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		"Swing" was originally used to describe a musician who, if he hit an especially hot groove, would "swing like hell" or "swing like a gate," but with Goodman's success, the word became a label for this exhilarating and exciting sound.
		But Germany's love of jazz had been a long time coming, and, as the Nazis learned, the genie couldn't be put back in the bottle.
		In 1939, Hamburg officially prohibited the "cacophony from the USA." When the Swings continued to flaunt their style, the Nazis took even stronger steps: according to Kater, between 1942 and 1944, 40 to 70 of the most prominent Swing youth were put into concentration camps.
	www.moveweb.com /Guidewrite/swing.html (866 words)

	CNN.com In-Depth Specials - New Germany: Prosperity and pain
		EISENACH, Germany (CNN) -- Eisenach is in the midst of a gradual post-communist renaissance.
		As Germany marks 10 years since unification, it is still struggling to close the economic gap between the former west and east -- a gap blamed in part on a recent rise in neo-Nazi violence in the east.
		Another way to rebel is by collecting forbidden CDs and other Nazi paraphernalia, which is against the law in Germany but produced legally in other European countries and the U.S. With the help of the Internet and mobile phones, a handful of organisers can have a wide reach.
	edition.cnn.com /SPECIALS/2000/germany/stories/jackboot.ossis (598 words)

	John-Loftus.com
		All Germany's problems, the Thyssens felt, "have almost always been due to foreigners." It was the Jews, he and many others believed, who were secretly behind the socialist movement across the globe.
		The Nazis lost a sweeping 35 seats in the Reichstag, but since the Nazis were already secretly negotiating a power sharing alliance with Hindenberg that would ultimately lead to Hitler declaring himself dictator, the outcry of German voters was politically insignificant.
		Under the rules of the Allied occupation of Germany, all property owned by citizens of a neutral nation which had been seized by the Nazis had to be returned to the neutral citizens upon proper presentation of documents showing proof of ownership.
	www.john-loftus.com /Thyssen.asp (8915 words)

	HITLER WAS A SOCIALIST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Nazis, with their youth camps and praise of strong bodies and a strong people, endorsed all that, and soon were killing the retarded, the gay and the different.
		Germany and Italy had become unified countries only in the late 19th century and Spain, of course, is only nominally unified to this day -- with semi-autonomous governments in Catalonia and the Basque country.
		Compare Germany 1945 with the unrest in Germany prior to the 1918 surrender, the collapse in resistance in Western Russia and Ukraine in the first year of the German invasion, the collapse of Dutch, Belgian, Danish, Norwegian, Czech and French resistance under German invasion or the collapse of Italian resistance under Allied invasion.
	jonjayray.netfirms.com /hitler.html (18217 words)

	Swing-Kids
		Swing was viewed as a very dangerous foreign import, because it was rooted in immoral Black ”jungle music” with accompanying allusions to wild, indiscriminate sex.
		Swing Kids of Frankfurt liked to dress in “zoot-suiter“ style, complete with zooter coats, trousers that narrowed close about the ankle (for fast getaways on bikes), and a long key chain suspended from the hip almost to the ground that was emblematic of zooties worldwide.
		Swing, with its unrestrained zeal and lust for physical exertion, seemed to be either a manifestation of serious mental illness or downright primitive Negroid hysteria.
	www.return2style.de /amiswhei.htm (7044 words)

	Interesting Thing of the Day: Charlie and his Orchestra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Schwedler’s English was excellent, and since the Nazis were careful to conceal the source of the broadcasts, their hope was that American and British listeners would enjoy the music, start singing along, and with any luck actually believe some of what they were singing.
		So although all swing music was forbidden to Germans, the music of Charlie and his Orchestra was the most forbidden, with extremely severe penalties for those caught listening.
		Hitler’s Airwaves: The Inside Story of Nazi Radio Broadcasting and Propaganda Swing by Horst J. Bergmeier and Rainer E. Lotz is the most complete written account (in English) of the topic, with a whole chapter devoted to Charlie and his Orchestra; the book includes a CD of their music.
	itotd.com /index.alt?ArticleID=364 (1266 words)

	Research Proposal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In this paper I will examine the formation, training, goals and actions of the Hitler Youth, their contributions to the Nazi party, and the Youth Movement who was against them, the Swing Kids, their impact on the Nazis through music and media, and why Hitler hated them.
		This will be researched through various forms of primary (photographs, Nazi Youth journals, music, etc.) and secondary sources.
		Baird, Jay W. “From Berlin to Neubabelsberg: Nazi Film Propaganda and Hitler Youth Quex.” Journal of Contemporary History, Volume 18, Issue 3, Historians and Movies: The State of the Art: Part 1, Pps.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/rschwart/hist361/forum/messages/93.shtml (681 words)

	Widerstand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		de:Widerstand gegen den Nationalsozialismuspl:Widerstand Widerstand (German: 'resistance') is the name given to the resistance movements in Nazi Germany.
		Gregor Schöllgen, A Conservative Against Hitler: Ulrich von Hassell, Diplomat in Imperial Germany, the Weimar Republic, and the Third Reich, 1881-1944 New York : St. Martin's Press, 1991, ISBN 0312057849.
		German conspiracy to overthrow Hitler and the Nazi regime (http://www.joric.com/Conspiracy/Conspiracy.htm)
	www.apawn.com /search.php?title=Widerstand (316 words)

	AskMen.com - Christian Bale pics
		But another great actor, Kenneth Branagh, persuaded Bale to act again and gave him a small role in his version of Henry V (1989).
		In 1992, after 10 intense weeks of dance and martial arts training, Bale starred in the musical Newsies, followed by Swing Kids, a movie about the underground swing movement in Nazi Germany.
		In the mid-'90s, Winona Ryder handpicked Bale for the part of Laurie in 1994's Little Women, and the following year he lent his fine-tuned voice to "Thomas" in the Disney production of Pocahontas.
	www.askmen.com /men/entertainment_150/178c_christian_bale.html (804 words)

	Re: Research Proposal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		: In this paper I will examine the formation, training, goals and actions of the Hitler Youth, their contributions to the Nazi party, and the Youth Movement who was against them, the Swing Kids, their impact on the Nazis through music and media, and why Hitler hated them.
		: Baird, Jay W. “From Berlin to Neubabelsberg: Nazi Film Propaganda and Hitler Youth Quex.” Journal of Contemporary History, Volume 18, Issue 3, Historians and Movies: The State of the Art: Part 1, Pps.
		: Rowan-Robinson, G.A. “The Training of the Nazi Leaders of the Future.” International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1931-1939), Volume 17, Issue 2, Pp.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/rschwart/hist361/forum/messages/105.shtml (695 words)

	Destruction of European Jews & Collapse of Nazi Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Destruction of European Jews and the Collapse of Nazi Germany
		Wannsee Conference and the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question"
		Auschwitz: the Endstation of Nazi "racial purification" and antisemitism
	info.wlu.ca /~wwwhist/faculty/ehaberer/KEY12-FO1.211.htm (159 words)

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