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Topic: The True Law of Free Monarchies

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	Modern History Sourcebook: James VI and I: True Law of Free Monarchies, 1598
		And it follows of necessity that the Kings were the authors and makers of the laws and not the laws of the Kings.
		And according to these fundamental laws already alleged, we daily see that in the Parliament (which is nothing else but the head court of the King and his vassals) the laws are but craved by his subjects, and only made by him at their rogation and with their advice.
		James I, "True Law of Free Monarchies," as reprinted in J. Tanner, Constitutional Documents of the Reign of James I 1602-1625 (1930), p 187.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/james1-trew2.html (394 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In this respect Pocock wrote that it had already being spoken in the past of a mixed monarchy, in the sense of a mixture of monarchy and law or of an equilibrium between the primacy of the monarch and the supremacy of the law.
		The laws approved by the legislature had to be, additionally, general and identical for rich and poor, for the Court's Mandarin and for the farmer behind the plow, without any other finality except the good of the people.
		Blackstone observed that the judges were the repositories of the law, the living oracles that must decide in all doubtful cases and who are obliged by oath to resolve in accordance with the law of the land.
	www.murdoch.edu.au /elaw/issues/v6n3/suanzes63.txt (9935 words)

	§3. Patriotic Pride in a well-ordered monarchy as reflected in English Literature; suspicion of the pursuit of ...
		As a consequence, under the early Stewarts, the legitimacy of giving free play to private interests was advocated in a way in which it had never been done before; and an attempt was made to treat as merely private many matters which had hitherto been regarded as of public concern.
		It is, of course, true that, in a body politic, no action can be exclusively private; the interconnection between individuals in the body politic is so close that wrong done by an individual may be at least a bad example and injurious to the community.
		It may be doubted whether the Elizabethan monarchy, as organised by Burghley, could have maintained itself in all its activities against the invading agitations for freedom of conscience and freedom of enterprise; but king James and king Charles completely failed to justify their position as trustees for the public welfare.
	www.bartleby.com /214/1503.html (1338 words)

	US Constitution, English Origins, PS201H-4D (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Believing in absolute monarchy and divine right theory as firmly as did his father, Charles I was more stubborn and unbending than James I, and had a greater tendency to disregard or be unmindful of public opinion in general and the views and feelings of the parliamentary majority in particular.
		Presbyterians, Anglicans and Roman Catholics, all of whom preferred the monarchy and despised the political and religious "radicalism" of the Congregationalists, or Independents, in the Rump Parliament and the army, were enemies of the Commonwealth.
		Well aware of the fact that the laws of the Realm imposed limitations on his political authority, Charles II also realized that Parliament was an increasingly potent power center in England's governmental system, that he would have to deal with and, to some extent, accomodate the two chambers of Parliament.
	www.proconservative.net /CUNAPolSci201PartFourD.shtml (11860 words)

	On Thud and Blunder
		Free landholders in Scandinavia would originally get together to make their own laws, try their own cases, accept a new king and then depose him later if they didn't like him.
		In any event, the monarchy or oligarchy won't be the sole mover of society.
		In medieval England, every yeoman of military age was required by law to have a longbow and spend a set number of hours per week practicing with it.
	www.sfwa.org /writing/thud.htm (5411 words)

	THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO
		Into their place stepped free competition, accompanied by a social and political constitution adapted in it, and the economic and political sway of the bourgeois class.
		The inner organization of this primitive communistic society was laid bare, in its typical form, by Lewis Henry Morgan's (1818-1861) crowning discovery of the true nature of the gens and its relation to the tribe.
		German socialism forgot, in the nick of time, that the French criticism, whose silly echo it was, presupposed the existence of modern bourgeois society, with its corresponding economic conditions of existence, and the political constitution adapted thereto, the very things whose attainment was the object of the pending struggle in Germany.
	www.anu.edu.au /polsci/marx/classics/manifesto.html (14158 words)

	The Principles of Communism
		The handicraftsman therefore frees himself by becoming either bourgeois or entering the middle class in general, or becoming a proletarian because of competition (as is now more often the case).
		The introduction of free competition is thus public declaration that from now on the members of society are unequal only to the extent that their capitals are unequal, that capital is the decisive power, and that therefore the capitalists, the bourgeoisie, have become the first class in society.
		Free competition is necessary for the establishment of big industry, because it is the only condition of society in which big industry can make its way.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm (6744 words)

	AN EXAMINATION OF CONTEMPORARY ANTI-MASONRY
		In particular, the despotic monarchies, with whom the Church was traditionally allied, were under increasing pressure from the democratic movements within their own countries to introduce democratic reforms and in this regard the Roman Catholic Church found itself on the losing side in the conflict between the forces of democracy and those of reaction.
		So law and government are wrested from the wholesome and divine virtue of the Catholic Church, and they want, therefore, by all means to rule States independent of the institutions and doctrines of the Church”.
		The constitutions, laws and aims of Freemasonry are available to the general public and its business affairs are open to the scrutiny of audit.
	www.freemasons-freemasonry.com /anti-masonry_examination.html (9581 words)

	The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The 17th Century: Topic 3: Texts and Contexts
		The True Law of Free Monarchies sets forth James's philosophy of royal absolutism and its divine sanction, setting the terms for new disputes about sovereignty, divine right, and the role of parliaments and subjects.
		Kings were the authors and makers of the laws, and not the laws of the kings.
		It is certain, then (as I have already by the law of God sufficiently proved), that patience, earnest prayers to God, and amendment of their lives are the only lawful means to move God to relieve them of their heavy curse.
	www.wwnorton.com /nael/17century/topic_3/truelaw.htm (1280 words)

	Algernon Sidney: Discourses Concerning Government — 3:15
		But as he cannot degenerate into a tyrant by departing from the law which proceeds from his own will, so he cannot mitigate or interpret that which proceeds from a superior power, unless the right of mitigating or interpreting be conferred upon him by the same.
		The law intending that these parliaments should be annual, and leaving to the king a power of calling them more often, if occasion require, takes away all pretence of a necessity that there should be any other power to interpret or mitigate laws.
		For if the king who governs not according to law, degenerates into a tyrant, he is obliged to frame his actions according to law, or not to be a king; for a tyrant is none, but as contrary to him, as the worst of men is to the best.
	www.constitution.org /as/dcg_315.htm (1334 words)

	IDS 261 – Western Civilization & Culture I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		James I (1566-1625) was the first king of England (1603-1625) to come from the Stuart dynasty, a family of Scottish kin who governed after Elizabeth I, the last of the Tudor monarchs, died without leaving an heir.
		"True Law of Free Monarchies" was an attempt by King James I to express the theory upon which "divine right" monarchy rested.
		He was well known throughout France as an excellent orator, and his fame earned him the position of tutor to the dauphin (the royal prince) from 1670 to 1681.
	www.eureka.edu /emp/jrodrig/webpage/261P5.htm (378 words)

	BOLTON VS ELY-CHAITLIN
		If monarchy is the ideal form of government, then it is ridiculous to pray for a "constituent assembly" or a constitution to limit the monarch's discretion.
		Of course, the precious republic has nothing to do with causing any of it, freeing up these great minds to continue on in their anxiety-ridden confusion, trying to find causes when they have themselves ruled out the primary cause, the fact that the government itself is a degenerated criminal conspiracy.
		Bolton’s insistence on focusing on the monarchy itself at the expense of other constitutional institutions, such as parliament, exposes his lack of familiarity with the Anglo-American constitution, because the accession of the Hanoverians established in the law the supremacy of the people over the monarchy.
	www.worldfreeinternet.net /guild/gld8.htm (4036 words)

	Trew Law of Free Monarchies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Princes duetie to his Subiects is so clearely set downe in many places of the Scriptures, and so openly confessed by all the good Princes, according to their oath in their Coronation, as not needing to be long therein, I shall as shortly as I can runne through it.
		By the Law of Nature the King becomes a naturall Father to all his Lieges at his Coronation: And as the Father of his fatherly duty is bound to care for the nourishing, education, and vertuous gouernment of his children; euen so is the king bound to care for all his subiects.
		The King towards his people is rightly compared to a father of children, and to a head of a body composed of diners members: For as fathers, the good Princes, and Magistrates of the people of God acknowledged themselues to their subjects.
	www.agh-attorneys.com /4_james_stuart.htm (1804 words)

	DOUGLASS : Frederick Douglass, "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" 5 July 1852 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In glaring violation of justice, in shameless disregard of the forms of administering law, in cunning arrangement to entrap the defenceless, and in diabolical intent, this Fugitive Slave Law stands alone in the annals of tyrannical legislation.
		I take this law to be one of the grossest infringements of Christian Liberty, and, if the churches and ministers of our country were not stupidly blind, or most wickedly indifferent, they, too, would so regard it.
		Did this law concern the "mint, anise and cummin" — abridge the right to sing psalms, to partake of the sacrament, or to engage in any of the ceremonies of religion, it would be smitten by the thunder of a thousand pulpits.
	www.douglassarchives.org /doug_a10.htm (8806 words)

	The True Law of Free Monarchies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The True Law of Free Monarchies is a book of political theory attributed to James I of England.
		James saw the divine right of kings as an extension of the apostolic succession.
		All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/t/th/the_true_law_of_free_monarchies.html (128 words)

	E Law: Sovereignty in British Legal Doctrine - Text
		It was a feudal contract by virtue of which King John committed himself to respect the privileges of 'freemen', that is, of noblemen and prelates, compelling himself to obtain their consent to the imposition of taxes, to respect their property and to faithfully comply with a body of procedural guarantees[6]
		While the antecedent of the former was found in the faculty that all men had, in accordance with the Natural Law, to do what was considered convenient for their own security and for that of others, that of the latter was found in the faculty of punishing the abuses committed against the Natural Law[58]
		On the other hand although it was true that the House of Lords constituted a powerful support for the Monarchy, given that its members were, at the same time, sustained by the Monarchy, experience as much as reason showed that the Lords had neither sufficient force nor authority to survive without such support[124]
	www.murdoch.edu.au /elaw/issues/v6n3/suanzes63_text.html (8943 words)

	American Literature 1: Authority & Rulership
		From James VI and I, The True Law of Free Monarchies (Edinburgh, 1598).
		‘By the Law of Nature the King becomes a natural Father to all his Lieges at his Coronation: And as the Father of his fatherly duty is bound to care for the nourishing, education, and virtuous government of his children; even so is the king bound to care for all his subjects.
		For although one can receive law from someone else, if is as impossible by nature to give one’s self a law as it is to command oneself to do something that depends on one’s own will.
	www.englit.ed.ac.uk /studying/undergrd/american_lit_1/Handouts/jl_authority.htm (756 words)

	President Bush Discusses Freedom in Iraq and Middle East
		By the middle of that decade, Portugal and Spain and Greece held free elections.
		Historians will note that in many nations, the advance of markets and free enterprise helped to create a middle class that was confident enough to demand their own rights.
		By definition, the success of freedom rests upon the choices and the courage of free peoples, and upon their willingness to sacrifice.
	www.whitehouse.gov /news/releases/2003/11/20031106-2.html (3419 words)

	Early Modern Timeline
		As part of her efforts, she revived laws that made religious dissent cause for execution, and the stories of the martyrs who were burned at the stake during the queen's reign—later circulated widely in John Foxe's The Book of Martyrs—became a strong source of religious inspiration for Protestants.
		Richard Hooker's Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity is significant both as an apology for the Elizabethan government and as a seminal work on the fundamental tenets of Anglicanism.
		James wrote The True Law of Free Monarchies in 1598 and reissued it when he acceded to the English throne in 1603.
	wps.ablongman.com /long_damrosch_britlit_3/0,11420,2763808-,00.html (3355 words)

	XV. Early Writings on Politics and Economics: Bibliography. Vol. 4. Prose and Poetry: Sir Thomas North to Michael ...
		A discoverie of the true causes why Ireland was never entirely subdued … untill the beginning of his Majesties happie raigne.
		James I. The true Law of Free Monarchies; or the reciprock and mutuall dutie betwixt a free king and his naturall subjects.
		Or the Ballance of Trade, in defence of Free Trade: opposed to Malynes Little fish and his Great Whale, and poized against them in the Scale.
	www.bartleby.com /214/1500.html (1802 words)

	APEH Unit 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Describe the true construction of the absolute monarchy of France by Cardinal Richelieu in the reign of Louis XIII (reigned 1610-1643).
		Discuss the culmination of absolute monarchy as practice at the court of Louis XIV (reigned 1643-1715).
		Discuss the Restoration of the English monarchy and the reigns of Charles II (reigned 1660-1685) and James II (reigned 1685-1688).
	rbvhs.vusd.k12.ca.us /teachers/roswell/apeuro/unit3/unit_3.htm (1078 words)

	James I: Two Texts
		Where he sees the law doubtsome or rigorous, he may interpret or mitigate the same, lest otherwise summum jus be summa injuria [the greatest right be the greatest wrong], and therefore general laws made publicly in parliament may upon.
		As likewise, although I have said a good king will frame all his actions to be according to the law, yet is he not bound thereto but of his good will and for good example--giving to his subjects.
		There be three principal [comparisons] that illustrate the state of monarchy: one taken out of the word of God, and the two other out of the grounds of policy and philosophy.
	www.thenagain.info /Classes/Sources/JamesI.html (654 words)

	The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The 17th Century: Topic 3: Overview
		The ascent of James I to the throne in 1603 inaugurated a profound cultural shift as Elizabeth's styles of self-representation were replaced by those of a king who defined himself as an absolute monarch and God's anointed deputy, through several cultural roles.
		Controversies regarding doctrine (predestination vs. free will), worship (the Book of Common Prayer or an emphasis on preaching and reformed ritual), and ecclesiastical structures (bishops or Presbyterian synods) form a subtext to much religious poetry of the period — Donne, Herbert, Vaughan, Crashaw.
		Such controversies are also visually represented in different kinds of emblems, a popular multimedia form combining text and picture, and often suggestive for the poetic imagery of the period.
	www.wwnorton.com /nael/17century/topic_3/welcome.htm (1105 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Macbeth
		It has often been argued that Macbeth, thought to have been one of three plays performed at Hampton Court on 7 Aug 1606 for James and Christian IV of Denmark, is a reflection of the new king’s personal and political preoccupation with regicide and kingship.
		James was something of an authority on the complexities of royal succession and hereditary rights, and had written, amongst others, The True Law of Free Monarchies (1598) which insisted on the divine right of kings, and Basilikon Doron (1599) which was concerned with the distinction between good monarchs and tyrants.
		Based on Raphael Holinshed’s account of the reigns of the Scottish kings Duncan and Macbeth (1034-57), the play opens with the three witches, or “weird sisters” who talk about where and when they will meet Macbeth, who is currently fighting for Duncan against the Thane of Cawdor’s rebel army.
	www.litencyc.com /php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=3798 (571 words)

	[No title]
		The discrepancy, however, between his promises and the policy of his government in 1605 provoked the Gunpowder Plot, which was followed by stricter laws against Recusants.
		He refused to ratify the canons prepared by Convocation in 1606 because they advocated non-resistance to the king in possession, whereas he believed in the sanctity of hereditary right and denied that tyranny could exist by appointment of God.
		In 1614 and 1615 he ordered that all persons in Scotland should receive the Holy Communion on Easter Day, and in 1616 called upon the Assembly of Aberdeen to pass the Five Articles, which (after James’s visit to Scotland in 1617) were finally accepted at Perth in 1618.
	www.christianheritageworks.com /52.htm (2917 words)

	Mises Economics Blog: Austrian Economics and Libertarian Political Theory
		He further argues the old notion of government by law is upheld in old monarchies, restrained by a noble elite.
		I say benign because kibbutzniks have always been free to leave their kibbutz, a course that may not have been actionable until the 1948 war establishing Israel pushed back the sea of hostility that surrounded most kibbutzim up until that time.
		In The Conquest of Poverty (free PDF as well as print on demand), he examines poverty in the ancient world, the poor laws of England, the advance of the middle class in the United States, the failure of welfare programs, the fallacies associated with income redistribution, and the relationship between population and poverty.
	www.mises.org /blog (4387 words)

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