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Topic: The UN Security Council and war against Iraq

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	The UN Security Council and the Iraq war - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 2002, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 1441 on Iraq unanimously.
		Wayne Madsen, who was a communications security analyst with the NSA in the 1980s, believes that the memo is authentic, and believes that this memo was aimed at other nations who are part of the ECHELON intelligence network, namely Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United Kingdom.
		UN Chief Inspector Hans Blix presented on February 14 a report to the UN Security council.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_UN_Security_Council_and_the_Iraq_war (2254 words)

	US ready to use Blix report as launchpad for Gulf war
		Although Iraq has agreed to his request at the weekend to allow overflights, it set out in a letter to Mr Blix demands that it be given advance notice of such flights.
		The security council is badly divided and the US and British governments will face a difficult task in trying to secure a majority for the second reso lution and prevent France, Russia and China exercising their vetoes.
		UN officials say the Iraqis' insistence on taping the interviews - and keeping a copy of the tapes - has deepened their suspicions that the scientists have been coached before their appearances, and that the recordings might be used as a form of intimidation.
	www.prisonplanet.com /news_alert_021403_general8.html (784 words)

	UN Security Council resolutions relating to Iraq
		The subsequent exchange of letters between the UN and Iraq, agreeing to the continuation of the programme under the terms of this resolution, is dated 5 July 2001.
		The text of the Security Council debates are available for 26 June 2001 and 28 June 2001.
		Commends the Secretary-General for securing commitments from the Iraqi government to fully comply with weapons inspections on his mission to Baghdad, and endorses the memorandum of understanding (S/1998/166) that was signed on 23 February.
	www.casi.org.uk /info/scriraq.html (3517 words)

	Iraq - Global Policy Forum
		On May 22, 2003, the Security Council ended economic sanctions against Iraq with Resolution 1483, calling for the creation of a “Development Fund for Iraq,”(DFI) to administer proceeds from the export sales of Iraq’s oil, as well as funds remaining from the UN Oil-for-Food Programme and other assets seized from the defunct regime.
		Though Saddam Hussein did not use weapons of mass destruction nor set fire to Iraq's oil fields nor attack Israel with rockets, and though the conflict was relatively short, the war has had many serious results ranging from death and destruction in Iraq to regional instability to a weakened world economy.
		Shortly before the outbreak of hostilities, UN Secretary General Kofi Annan stated that use of force without Security Council endorsement would "not be in conformity with the Charter" and many legal experts describe the US-UK attack as an act of aggression.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/irqindx.htm (1395 words)

	War Against Iraq - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council
		The war on Iraq was a “defining moment,” a crucial episode in history that set a precedent of US-UK relations towards the UN and the international community.
		In a controversial documentary on the Iraq War, the BBC is refusing to cut footage of the dead bodies of two British soldiers as requested by the Ministry of Defense and the families of the two men.
		Pillage in Iraq may have been more than a disorganized and spontaneous reaction by Iraqis to their new “liberty.” Many accuse the US of having deliberately allowed the widespread plunder of Iraqi cities, buttressed by the fact that only oilfields and the Oil Ministry were protected.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/iraq/attackindex.htm (3557 words)

	ZNet \|Iraq \| Against A Security Council War In Iraq
		The Council is the least representative and the least responsible of all UN organisations.
		To date, most calls for Security Council reform have dealt with four main issues: the status of permanent members; the size of the Council; the veto; and questions of consistency and transparency in decision-making.
		To date the UN in general and the Security Council in particular have not made it to this popular agenda for democratisation of global governance.
	www.zmag.org /content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=51&ItemID=2930 (1127 words)

	Security Council Resolutions Concerning Iraq
		Iraq must not utilize its military or other forces in a hostile manner to threaten its neighbors or UN operations in Iraq.
		Iraq must cease attempts to conceal or move weapons of mass destruction, and related materials and facilities.
		Iraq must "unconditionally accept" the destruction, removal or rendering harmless "under international supervision" of all "chemical and biological weapons and all stocks of agents and all related subsystems and components and all research, development, support and manufacturing facilities."
	www.state.gov /p/nea/rls/01fs/14906.htm (1386 words)

	PressInfo 168: No UN mandate for war on Iraqi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A Security Council resolution that endorses war is not the same as a "UN" mandate, as is often stated.
		The Charter of the UN is clear; the organisation's highest purpose is "to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war." And "Armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest".
		Article 99 of the UN Charter states that the Secretary-General may bring to the attention of the Security Council any matter which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security.
	www.transnational.org /pressinf/2002/PI168_No_UN_mandate.html (1739 words)

	CNN.com - U.N. passes Iraq resolution on weapons inspections - Nov. 8, 2002
		All 15 member states of the Security Council voted in favor of the resolution.
		Iraq is accused of possessing weapons of mass destruction -- nuclear, biological, chemical -- in violation of the cease-fire treaty it signed when Baghdad lost the 1991 Persian Gulf War.
		Nevertheless, there was widespread belief among Iraqi leaders and people on the street that war is inevitable -- that the U.S. goal is not to rid Iraq of weapons of mass destruction, but to topple its leader and seize its oil.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/US/11/08/iraq.resolution (1055 words)

	International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		US military intervention in Iraq will not serve the legitimate security interests of the US or the international community and will cause additional suffering for the people of Iraq, who are not responsible for the policies of Saddam Hussein.
		Ensuring that Iraq cannot develop weapons of mass destruction or otherwise rearm itself and become a threat to its neighbors in the region can be accomplished through a carefully implemented policy of containment under UN auspices, combined with a lifting of most of the current economic sanctions.
		War, Sanctions, and Humanitarian Assistance: The Case of Iraq 1990-1993, Sarah Zaidi, ScD
	www.ippnw.org /IraqProtest2002.html (334 words)

	TAP: Web Feature: Last Chance. by Asher Price. March 14, 2003. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		And without the legitimacy that would be conferred on war by a second UN resolution, a British government that joins the United States in battling Iraq will look as if it's under Bush's thumb.
		In the absence of a second UN resolution, America's alliance with Britain will become all the more important as a means of providing Bush with some semblance of multilateral cover for his actions.
		Most of America's allies have electorates that are overwhelmingly against the war -- in Spain polls show that more than 70 percent of the population opposes an invasion -- and leaders of those countries are no doubt growing anxious that the war could ruin their political careers.
	www.prospect.org /webfeatures/2003/03/price-a-03-14.html (1297 words)

	SECURITY COUNCIL ENDORSES FORMATION OF SOVEREIGN INTERIM GOVERNMENT IN IRAQ; WELCOMES END OF OCCUPATION BY 30 JUNE, ...
		The Council also decided that the mandate for the multinational force should be reviewed at the request of the Iraqi Government or 12 months from the date of today’s resolution, and that the mandate should expire upon completion of the political process. It would terminate the mandate earlier if requested by the Government of Iraq.
		The Government requests that the Security Council review the mandate of the MNF at the request of the Transitional Government of Iraq, or twelve months from the date on which such a resolution is adopted.
		This will include combat operations against members of these groups, internment where this is necessary for imperative reasons of security, and the continued search for and securing of weapons that threaten Iraq’s security.
	www.un.org /News/Press/docs/2004/sc8117.doc.htm (5583 words)

	Statement on the war against Iraq
		The international community must clearly demonstrate, and remind those countries, that the UN Charter and multilateral responsibility are expressions of a civilized, progressive and peaceful international order and that the only sustainable response to terrorism is to achieve rule of law, within the rule of law.
		The military attack on Iraq comes at a point when the UN weapons inspections were working and the prospects for disarmament of Iraq with non-military means was growing considerably.
		However, by putting themselves in a position from which war became inevitable, the US, the UK and Spain failed to exercise the basic responsibility that follows with the commission of trust to serve on the UN Security Council.
	www.wcc-coe.org /wcc/what/international/iraqstatement.html (806 words)

	New Statesman: As 250,000 ground troops get ready to invade Iraq, the assumption is that Saddam Hussein will be toppled ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		War is seen as inevitable: 59 per cent of Americans now favour sending ground troops to Iraq, and 61 per cent say UN weapons inspections will not be effective.
		But Washington sees the crucial date as 8 December -- by that time, under the UN resolution, Saddam is supposed to deliver a written report of the whereabouts of all facilities for weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.
		despite the patriotic fervour, are opposed and distinguish between the war against terrorism and war against Iraq.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FQP/is_4614_131/ai_95764228 (866 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Americas \| US signals action against France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The UN embargo was imposed in August 1990, shortly after Iraq invaded Kuwait, and dismantling it will pave the way for Iraq to sell oil to help pay for post-war reconstruction.
		Since the war the US has deployed its own teams to look for banned weapons, which it cited as the key reason for launching war, but so far there are no reports of any being found.
		Many nations on the Security Council say UN inspectors should be the ones to verify any new discoveries, and on Tuesday Mr Blix presented a case for sending his teams back to Iraq.
	www.warblogging.com /warfarking/mirror/1051101487.html (821 words)

	Iraq war opponents fill oil-for-food 'vouchers' list - The Washington Times: World - May 03, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Russian government, a former French ambassador to the United Nations, the son of Syria's defense minister and the U.N. undersecretary charged with running the oil-for-food program were included on the list compiled by Iraq's state oil ministry under Saddam and published by a Baghdad newspaper in late January.
		The discovery of the list has sparked an international debate over the run-up to the Iraq war and a round of global finger-pointing over the extent of mismanagement and corruption in the program.
		"This secured the cooperation and support of countries that included members of the Security Council of the United Nations — the very body that received over $1 billion in fees to administer the program," he said.
	www.washingtontimes.com /world/20040503-123158-1229r.htm (1247 words)

	The Observer \| International \| Revealed: US dirty tricks to win vote on Iraq war
		The United States is conducting a secret 'dirty tricks' campaign against UN Security Council delegations in New York as part of its battle to win votes in favour of war against Iraq.
		UN Security Council Members (minus US and GBR, of course)' to provide up-to-the-minute intelligence for Bush officials on the voting intentions of UN members regarding the issue of Iraq.
		Suggesting the levels of surveillance of both the office and home phones of UN delegation members, Koza also asks regional managers to make sure that their staff also 'pay attention to existing non-UN Security Council Member UN-related and domestic comms [office and home telephones] for anything useful related to Security Council deliberations'.
	observer.guardian.co.uk /international/story/0,6903,905899,00.html (979 words)

	Shaking Hands with Saddam Hussein
		Iraq's ambassador met with the U.S. ambassador to the U.N., Jeane Kirkpatrick, and asked for "restraint" in responding to the issue - as did the representatives of both France and Britain.
		Hamdoon said that Iraq strongly preferred a Security Council presidential statement to a resolution, and wanted the response to refer to former resolutions on the war, progress toward ending the conflict, but to not identify any specific country as responsible for chemical weapons use.
		When their discussion turned to the Iran-Iraq war, Aziz said that his country was satisfied that "the U.S. analysis of the war's threat to regional stability is 'in agreement in principle' with Iraq's," and expressed thanks for U.S. efforts to cut off international arms sales to Iran.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82 (7873 words)

	If Kosovo Why Not Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		There was then no suggestion that operating outside the umbrella of the UN might have long-term consequences and deal a blow to the framework of international security.
		The then Foreign Minister, Lloyd Axworthy, the Canadian champion of human security, studiously avoided any suggestion that Security Council authority should first have been obtained before the bombs were dropped.
		It is true that the Yugoslav security forces used ruthless methods to do so, but the nature of the rebellion and the tactics of the enemy demanded, as they always have in such circumstances, extreme measures.
	www.deltax.net /bissett/a-iraq.htm (622 words)

	Proposed Congresional Authorization Of War Against Iraq Without Security Council Approval Violates International Law ...
		A key issue for Congress is whether it will condition the use of military force on Security Council approval or whether it will permit the President to go it alone--without such approval from the Security Council.
		An authorization by Congress of a war without UN authorization would represent a tragic day in our nation's history, and could prove to be disastrous to world peace and security which the UN Charter was designed to preserve.
		Jules Lobel and Michael Ratner are coauthors of the article, Bypassing the Security Council: Ambiguous Authorizations to Use Force, Cease Fires, and the Iraqi Inspection Regime, 93 AJIL124 (January 1999).
	www.humanrightsnow.org /failure_security_council_approval_iraq_war.htm (488 words)

	11 Security Council members oppose war against Iraq -DAWN - Top Stories; January 31, 2003
		It became apparent that most council members are not convinced that the negative report from Chief Inspector Hans Blix that Iraq was not cooperating nor the case made against Iraq by President Bush, have changed any positions in the council.
		Some Security Council diplomats told reporters that the possibility of a second resolution paving the way toward war was being widely discussed.
		At the UN the French Ambassador, Jean-Marc de la Sabliere, told reporters that “the majority in the council is in favor of giving more time to the inspectors,” adding “as long as the prospect...
	www.dawn.com /2003/01/31/top4.htm (699 words)

	CNN.com - Powell: Iraq hiding weapons, aiding terrorists - Feb. 6, 2003
		U.S. national security adviser Condoleezza Rice said Saddam had to know what Zarqawi was doing and she accused the Iraqi leader of being responsible for "a network that is spreading poisons throughout Europe."
		She suggested that the cost of not taking action against Iraq could be another September 11-type attack, but this time with weapons of mass destruction that could kill tens of thousands.
		The diplomats said Powell also made clear to Foreign Minister Dominique de Villepin that the United States is not ready to go to war immediately, and is interested in hearing France's proposals to strengthen inspections with the added value of the evidence Powell presented.
	www.cnn.com /2003/US/02/05/sprj.irq.powell.un (1080 words)

	Global Insight // Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Of course, our answer was that the best scenario for the Fox administration was that there be no vote in the UN Security Council and no war against Iraq.
		Apparently, the president is more concerned with Mexico’s July 6 legislative elections, as well as the importance of disagreeing with a U.S.-led war, than with any potential retaliation against the country.
		Furthermore, as is the case with Wall Street’s euphoric reaction on March 17 regarding the supposed benefits of a short and successful war, Mexico can also look forward to an improved economic environment if the uncertainties regarding the U.S. and world economies subside.
	www.globalinsight.com /Perspective/PerspectiveDetail329.htm (372 words)

	Islam Online- News Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Saudi Arabia was the main staging area for American forces in the 1991 Gulf war, but conflicting public statements by top Saudi officials over the past several months have cast doubt on Saudi Arabia's assistance against Iraq.
		"Even if the [UN] Security Council issues a unanimous decision to attack Iraq, we hope a chance will be given to the Arab states to find a political solution to this issue," Prince Saud said.
		Saudi rulers are nervous about domestic opposition to a war - but anxious to repair their relations with the Americans, badly strained since the 11 September 2001 attacks, according to the BBC news online.
	www.islamonline.net /english/news/2002-12/30/article12.shtml (732 words)

	USATODAY.com - Powell: Vote at U.N. still in reach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Rice said on ABC's This Week that she and Powell were prepared to travel to press council members to support the British-U.S.-Spanish resolution, which was modified Friday to give Iraq until next Monday to show it has disarmed.
		Jiang told him that the crisis could be resolved without resorting to war and that weapons inspections should continue, the Xinhua News Agency reported.
		Powell said further modifications to the resolution were possible, and he wanted to give council members "time to reflect" on Friday's briefing by inspectors Hans Blix and Mohamed ElBaradei.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/iraq/2003-03-09-powell-un_x.htm (538 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Middle East \| UN Iraq resolution: Full text
		Supports the formation, by the people of Iraq with the help of the Authority and working with the special representative, of an Iraqi interim administration as a transitional administration run by Iraqis, until an internationally recognised, representative government is established by the people of Iraq and assumes the responsibilities of the Authority;
		Underlines that the Development Fund for Iraq shall be used in a transparent manner to meet the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people, for the economic reconstruction and repair of Iraq's infrastructure, for the continued disarmament of Iraq, and for the costs of Iraqi civilian administration, and for other purposes benefiting the people of Iraq;
		(f) to provide the Security Council, 30 days prior to the termination of the programme, with a comprehensive strategy developed in close co-ordination with the Authority and the Iraqi interim administration that would lead to the delivery of all relevant documentation and the transfer of all operational responsibility of the programme to the Authority;
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/middle_east/3012847.stm (1326 words)

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